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March 15,2017
Volume 10,Issue 5
Pages -
Subject Area:Epidemiology,Health Administration,Immunopathology

Title: Application of network scale-up method on estimation of the size of people living with HIV/AIDS

Authors: WANG Jun, YANG Ying, ZHANG Tiejun
PP: 574-579
Abstract: Objective: To estimate the population size of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Minhang district, Shanghai, and understand the epidemic of AIDS as well as develop specific prevention measures. Methods: A multiple stages random sampling method was used to recruit eligible participants among general population in Minhang district, Shanghai, and the questionnaire interviews were followed. The population size of PLWHA was further estimated by network scale-up method. Results: A total of 3 907 subjects, including 1 912 (48.9%) males and 1 995 (51.1%) females, were finally interviewed, and the mean age of the subjects was (40.54±11.69). The average social network size of studied subjects from Minhang district was 206. After the adjustment of backward method, it turned out to be 240. Based on the estimation of network scale-up method and attitude adjustment, the population size of PLWHA was 368 (95%CI: 291.19-444.17), which accounted for 0.03% of the total residents of Minhang district. Conclusion: The process of estimation of PLWHA population based on network scale-up method was relatively simple, but the results need adjustment appropriately.
Keywords: epidemiology; network scale-up method; AIDS; population size estimation

Title: Influence of job satisfaction, career development expectation and psychological resilience of new medical staffs in township hospital on early occupational commitment

Authors: XIE Fengzhe, WANG Jinghui, SHI Yu, ZHANG Shue , ZHENG Zhinan, GOU Tianyu, FAN Chao, LI Li, LIU Xinyan, ZHANG Zhong, GAO Lei, SUN Tao
PP: 568-573
Abstract: Objective: In order to provide a theoretical reference for improving the stability of health personnel in township hospitals, the influences of job satisfaction, career development expectation and psychological resilience on the early occupational commitment of the new medical staffs in the township hospitals were explored. Methods: Using a questionnaire survey method to collect data, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical linear regression were performed to analyze the data. Results: The finding indicated that job satisfaction (β=0.537, P<0.01), career development expectation (β=0.574, P<0.01) and psychological resilience (β=0.401, P<0.01) had significantly predictive effects on the early occupational commitment. Conclusion: Higher level of job satisfaction, career development expectation and psychological resilience will help improve the early occupational commitment of new medical staffs in township hospitals.
Keywords: health administration; township hospital; job satisfaction; career development expectation; psychological resilience; early occupational commitment

Title: Prescription optimization of polyporus polysaccharide dispersible tablet

Authors: WU Xueyi, NIE Pinhu, ZHANG Guowei
PP: 562-567
Abstract: Objective: We use new type of disintegrating agent and diluent to optimize the prescription of polyporus polysaccharide (PPS) dispersible tablet, in order to shorten its disintegration time and improve its bioavailability. Methods: According to the low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC), polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS-Na), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), we design the orthogonal test, use wet granulation, and check the quality of PPS dispersible tablet (appearance, tablet weight difference, disintegration time, brittle broken degree, dissolution). Then we analyze data and get the optimal proportion. Results: The best prescription of the dispersible tablets is as follows: L-HPC:CMS-Na:PVPP:MCC=11:8:5:5 (mass ratio). The disintegration time of the obtained dispersible tablets is less than 10 min. Conclusion: We obtain the best prescription of PPS dispersible tablets, which is stable and suitable for clinical use.
Keywords: science of Chinese pharmacology; polyporus polysaccharide dispersible tablet; prescription optimization; preparation technology

Title: Extraction process and GC-MS analysis of volatile oil constituents of Radix Polygalae

Authors: MA Yuan, ZHANG Lin, DING Yuejia, GAO Yi, ZHANG Yue, ZHANG Chenxin
PP: 557-561
Abstract: Objective: To study the best extraction process of the volatile oil from Radix Polygalae, and analyze the chemical constituents, which provided a reference for evaluating its medicinal value. Methods: Water steam distillation method was applied to extract the volatile oil, the amount of water, soaking time, distillation time and crushing degree were optimized by orthogonal test. Chemical constituents in the volatile oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrography (GC-MS), the relative mass fraction of each constituent was determined by peak area normalization method. Results: The optimal water-extraction process was as follows: crushing degree was 10 mesh, the amount of water was 7 times of the traditional Chinese drug, no soaking time, the extraction time was 5 h. 16 compounds were identified and their relative contents were determined. Conclusion: The total content of 16 compounds identified from the volatile oil of Radix Polygalae was 100%, among them cis-vaccenic acid was the major chemical constituent in the volatile oil which accounting for 62.67%, following was the n-hexadecanoic acid which accounting for 17.43%. Meanwhile, a scientific basis was provided for determining the extraction process of the volatile oil of Radix Polygalae.
Keywords: science of Chinese pharmacology; Radix Polygalae; volatile oil; gas chromatography-mass spectrography; optimal extraction process

Title: Hypolipidemic effects of MDG-1, a polysaccharide derived from Ophiopogon japonicas, in a diet induced obesity mouse model of lipid metabolism disorders

Authors: WANG Xu, SHI Linlin, FENG Yi
PP: 548-556
Abstract: Objective: This research focused on the hypolipidemic effects of MDG-1, a polysaccharide derived from Ophiopogon japonicas, in a diet induced obesity mouse model of lipid metabolism disorders and the underlying mechanism. Methods: 32 male C57BL/6 mice were treated with low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat mixed MDG-1 diet (HFD+MDG-1) and a calorie restriction (CR) diet for 12 weeks. Body weight and food intakes were tested every day while basal body temperature was measured at 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical examination, and adipose tissues were collected for histological examination and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Results: Compared with HFD, MDG-1 could control weight gain and increase body temperature. In addition, MDG-1 could ameliorate plasma lipid profiles, attenuate the size of adipocyte and increase the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) genes in brown fat. Conclusion: MDG-1 increases energy expenditure by affecting the expression of some mitochondrial UCP related genes, thus inducing its action against hyperlipidemia.
Keywords: pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine; Ophiopogon polysaccharide; lipid metabolism disorders; basal body temperature; mitochondrial uncoupling protein

Title: Studies on MeJA inducing effect on important secondary metabolites in Periploca sepium Bunge adventitious roots and on plant physiological mechanism

Authors: ZHANG Jian, MA Lin, LI Xiankuan, LI Xinglin, TAN Shiqiang
PP: 540-547
Abstract: Objective: To study the inducing effect of methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) on Periploca sepium Bunge adventitious roots in the biosynthesis of the secondary product periplocin and 4-methoxy salicylaldehyde, and to discuss the physiological mechanism in the process of induction. Methods: Culture P. sepium Bunge adventitious roots and add MeJA with 10, 100, 200 mmol/L into the cultures at the stable stage (the 20th day). The cultures were induced for 3 d and then the adventitious roots were harvested and measured with physiological index and the content of periplocin and 4-methoxy salicylaldehyde. Results: The induced synthesis of periplocin and 4-methoxy salicylaldehyde was the strongest when the concentration of MeJA was 10 mmol/L (2.75 times and 2.26 times compared with control group, respectively). The contents of proline, soluble sugar, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) first increased and then decreased with the increase of the concentration of MeJA, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Conclusion: Low concentration of MeJA can effectively promote the accumulation of periplocin and 4-methoxy salicylaldehyde in P. sepium Bunge adventitious roots. MeJA, a kind of elicitor, can stimulate the plant’s protection mechanism, clear free radicals and increase resistance of the cultures.
Keywords: resource science of traditional Chinese medicine; Periploca sepium Bunge adventitious root; methyl jasmonic acid; physiological mechanism; periplocin; 4-methoxy salicylaldehyde

Title: Study on secondary metabolites produced by marine Streptomyces sp. LS298

Authors: ZHEN Xin, GONG Ting, ZHU Ping
PP: 534-539
Abstract: Objective: To study the trace secondary metabolites produced by the marine Streptomyces sp. LS298. Methods: The isolation and purification of the metabolites from the fermentation broth were conducted by Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and other chromatographic separation process; the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrospay ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) and other spectroscopic methods were applied in the structural identification of the purified compounds. Results: Six compounds were purified and identified, three of which were analogues of staurosporine: 4'-N-methyl-staurosporine (1), 7-hydroxyl-staurosporine (2), 7-dehydro-staurosporine (3); and the other three compounds were lumichrome (4), N-acetyl-β-oxotryptamine (5), and niacinamide (6). Conclusion: The secondary metabolites of LS298 were rich in the structural types, and structural diversities were the characteristics of the strain.
Keywords: medicinal chemistry; Streptomyces; secondary metabolites; staurosporine; structural identification

Title: Expression purification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ptpB and screening for its interacting proteins

Authors: FAN Lingbo, DONG Chunsheng, DONG Yuanshu
PP: 527-533
Abstract: Objective: Construction, expression and purification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) ptpB (MptpB) and screening for its interacting proteins in macrophage. Methods: pET28b-MptpB plasmid was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The MptpB protein was purified by Ni-His affinity chromatography firstly and then anti-His antigen antibody method. The potential interacting proteins with MptpB were riched by His pull-down in RAW264.7 cells, and then subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The candidate proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Results: The MptpB plasmid was constructed and the MptpB protein was purified successfully. In additon, potential interacting proteins (Rvb1/Rvb2) were screened by mass spectrometry analysis. Conclusion: We would provide clues to identifying the function of MptpB in macrophages by screening the interacting proteins with MptpB.
Keywords: immunopathology; MptpB; expression; purification; His pull-down; interacting protein

Title: Experimental study of killing effect on the transcriptional targeting gene therapy of double suicide gene driven by hTERT promotor pEGFP-ShCDglyTK in hepatocellular carcinoma subcutaneous transplantation tumor of nude mice model

Authors: FAN Wenzhe, ZHANG Yingqiang, YAO Wang, LU Mingjian, CUI Wei, WANG Yu, LI Jiaping
PP: 518-526
Abstract: Objective: To explore the selective killing effect of transcriptional targeting gene therapy of double suicide gene driven by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promotor pEGFP-ShCDglyTK in SMMC7721 cells subcutaneous transplantation tumor of nude mice model. Methods: SMMC7721 cells subcutaneous transplantation tumor model was constructed in 20 BALB/C nude mice. pEGFP-C1 (control group), pEGFP-ShCD (CD group), pEGFP-ShTK (TK group), pEGFP-ShCDglyTK (CDglyTK group) were transfected to tumor respectively. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to inspect expression of suicide genes in tumor. The transfected tumors were treated with the 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) and ganciclovir (GCV), and the treatment effects were evaluated by the volume measurement, pathological analysis and immunohistochemical examination protein p53 and Bcl-2 changes. Results: All SMMC7721 cells subcutaneous transplantation tumor models were successfully constructed and all plasmids were successfully transfected. Compared to the CD (44.8%) and TK (43.1%) groups, tumor inhibition rate of CDglyTK group was higher (65.7%, P<0.05); HE presented tumor necrosis area of CDglyTK group was more obvious, immunohistochemical mutant p53 protein and Bcl-2 protein expression decreased significantly, positive rate were 39.7% and 32.3% respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: SMMC7721 subcutaneous transplantation tumor of nude mice model was successfully constructed. pEGFP-ShCDglyTK system plasmid system has highly specific killing effects on hepatoma carcinoma cells in vivo experiments.
Keywords: medical laboratorial zoology; suicide gene; hepatoma carcinoma cell; telomerase

Title: Expression of mitophagy related protein in cortical neurons of hypoxic-ischemic newborn rat

Authors: LI Mingxi, ZHANG Li, QU Yi, MU Dezhi
PP: 509-517
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the expression of mitophagy related protein in cortical neurons of hypoxic-ischemic newborn rats and to study the situation of mitophagy in the model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Methods: Sixty seven-day-old neonatal male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated group (sham), HIBD model group (HIBD), 3-MA injection group (3-MA). After 2, 12, 24, 48, 72 h of hypoxic-ischemic treatment, the protein in cortical neurons was extracted. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of mitophagy related protein. Results: In cytoplasm, compared with the sham group, the expression of LC3II/I, PINK1 and Parkin in HIBD group were significantly increased (P<0.01) after 12 h of hypoxic-ischemic treatment, decreased after 48 h and back to base-line at 72 h. The same tendency can be observed in the expression of mitochondrial outer membrane fission related protein (P<0.01). Simultaneously, the expression of mitochondrial membrane protein, Tom20 and Tim23, were reduced after surgery, which reached the lowest expression after 12-24 h (P<0.01), compared with sham group. After injecting of 3-MA, an inhibitor of mitophagy, the expression of PINK1/Parkin and Drp1/Fis1 were reduced, oppositely, the expression of Tom20/Tim23 were increased (P<0.01), compared with sham group and HIBD group at each time point. Conclusion: The expression of mitophagy related protein in cortical neurons of HIBD is on a regular or periodic basis, which may have some relationship with the protection role from HIBD.
Keywords: pediatrics; mitophagy; hypoxic-ischemic; brain damage

Title: Study on capsaicin mediating cell proliferation in bladder cancer through reactive oxygen species production and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential

Authors: YANG Zhonghua, WANG Xinghuan
PP: 502-508
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of capsaicin (CAP) on cell proliferation of bladder cancer T24 cells in vitro as well as on xenografts in nude mice in vivo. Methods: Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to assay the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) in bladder cancer T24 cells. Then T24 cells were assessed for cell viability and apoptosis by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis after incubation with different concentrations of CAP. To uncover the mechanism by which CAP affected the viability of T24 cell, intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by JC-1 stain. To study the in vivo effects of CAP, T24 cells were grown as xenografts in nude mice and CAP (5 mg/kg b.w.) was given by subcutaneous injection in nude mice with bladder tumor. Results: The functional TRPV1 channel could be expressed in T24 cells. CAP decreased the viability of T24 cells in a dose-dependent manner. CAP induced ROS production and mitochondrial membrane depolarization through activate the TRPV1 channel to mediate the calcium inflow, hence induced cell death, not apoptosis. In vivo experiment showed that CAP significantly slowed the growth of T24 bladder cancer xenografts as measured by size [(567.02±43.94) mm3 vs (661.80±62.03) mm3, P<0.01]. Conclusion: CAP mediates cell death in T24 cells through calcium entry-dependent ROS production and mitochondrial depolarization and may have a role in the management of bladder, which is expected to provide new ideas for local and systemic chemotherapy of bladder cancer.
Keywords: urology; bladder cancer; calcium channels; capsaicin; reactive oxygen species

Title: Methylation mechanism of down regulated miR-9 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

Authors: LUO Huanan, MA Sijing, YI Chunxi, CAO Hui, GUO Haili, HOU Jin, YAN Jing, REN Xiaoyong
PP: 493-501
Abstract: Objective: To study whether the downregulation of miR-9 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells is related to DNA methylation in the promoter region of the coding gene and clarify the molecular mechanism of the disorder of miR-9 expression. Methods: In normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP69 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line C666-1, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) detection was used to analyze the effects of demethylation drug 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-AZA, 50 μmol/L, 72 h) (NP69/C666-1 5-AZA group) and histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA, 10 nmol/L, 24 h) (NP69/C666-1 5-AZA+TSA group) on the expression of miR-9. Meanwhile, the status of promoter CpG island methylation about hsa-miR-9-1, hsa-miR-9-2 and hsa-miR-9-3, which could encode hsa-miR-9, was analyzed by bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS) after 5-AZA and TSA treatment. Finally, the effects of 5-AZA and TSA on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion abilities of C666-1 cells were analyzed by CCK-8 cell proliferation assay, flow cytometry and Transwell invasion assay. Results: The expression levels of miR-9 and hsa-miR-9-1, hsa-miR-9-2 and hsa-miR-9-3 methylation rates in NP69 5-AZA group and NP69 5-AZA+TSA group were almost the same as those in the NP69 group (P>0.05). The expression levels of miR-9 were up 11.31 times and 22.63 times in C666-1 5-AZA group and C666-1 5-AZA+TSA group respectively, compared with those in the C666-1 group, and the differences were statistically significant (F=780.280, P=0.000). BGS detection showed that in C666-1, C666-1 5-AZA and C666-1 5-AZA+TSA groups, the methylation ratios of hsa-miR-9-1 were 78.8% (67/85), 32.9% (28/85) and 14.1% (12/85), those of hsa-miR-9-2 and hsa-miR-9-3 were 72.2% (39/54), 38.9% (21/54) and 14.8% (8/54), 76.0% (133/175), 32.0% (56/175) and 20.6% (36/175), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=77.324, P=0.000; χ2=36.850, P=0.000; χ2=122.407, P=0.000). The proliferation and invasion abilities of C666-1 cells were significantly decreased after 5-AZA and TSA treatment (P<0.01). Conclusion: The downregulation of miR-9 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells is associated with CpG island methylation in the promoter regions of miR-9 encoding genes including miR-9-1, miR-9-2 and miR-9-3.
Keywords: otorhinolaryngology; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; microRNA; DNA methylation; demethylation drugs

Title: Expression of TCRP1 and c-myc in tongue and lung cancer

Authors: JIA Xiaoting, ZHENG Guopei, HE Zhimin
PP: 488-492
Abstract: Objective: To study the expression and function of tongue cancer-resistant protein 1 (TCRP1) and c-myc in tongue and lung cancer. Methods: 80 cases of tongue cancer tissues and 90 cases of lung cancer tissues were made into tissue microarray. The expression of TCRP1 and c-myc were measured via immunohistochemical analysis. The survival curves were made by Kaplan-Meier method. Finally, the correlationship between TCRP1/c-myc expression levels and prognosis of cancer patients was studied. Results: TCRP1 was highly expressed in 42 cases of 48 cases tongue cancer tissues with highly expressed c-myc. During 32 cases tongue cancer tissues with low c-myc, there was 12 cases highly expressed TCRP1. Survival curves showed that tongue cancer patients with high TCRP1 or/and high c-myc expression owned poor prognosis. 92.0% sample showed low TCRP1 in 38 cases of lung cancer tissues with low c-myc. 86.7% sample showed high TCRP1 in 52 cases of lung cancer tissues with high c-myc. Survival curves showed that lung cancer patients with high TCRP1 or/and high c-myc expression owned poor prognosis. Conclusion: TCRP1 and c-myc, negative prognostic biomarkers, were highly expressed and positively correlated with each other in tongue and lung cancers.
Keywords: oncology; tongue cancer-resistant protein 1 (TCRP1); c-myc; tongue cancer; lung cancer; prognosis

Title: Prognostic factors analysis of patients with spinal astrocytomas

Authors: YANG Li, ZOU Yingjie, HUANG Xiangyan, TAN Liming
PP: 477-487
Abstract: Objective: To study the prognostic factors of patients with spinal astrocytomas, and to provide help for the treatment and prognosis evaluation. Methods: 98 patients from The Second Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya Hospital, Duke University Hospital, Hospital of the Sapienza University of Rome, and Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania were used as primary cohort. PubMed database was searched. Keywords included a combination of “astrocytoma” and “spinal” or “spine”, “spinal cord” and “tumor” as well as their variations. 353 patients were finally included. Patients’ demographics, clinical symptoms, tumor characteristics, treatment, and prognosis were retrospectively reviewed. All statistical analysis were performed with SPSS 17.0, results were considered to achieve statistical significance if P<0.05. Results: Primary cohort (n=98): Multivariate analysis demonstrated that World Health Organization (WHO) grade was a significant prognostic factor of both progress free survival (PFS) [hazard ratio (HR): 0.124-0.482] and overall survival (OS) (HR: 0.003-0.162). Integrated analysis of the combined cohort (n=451): Multivariate analysis demonstrated that WHO grade (HR: 0.297-0.656) and extent of surgical resection (HR: 0.153-0.504) were significant prognostic factor of PFS; multivariate analysis demonstrated that age (HR: 1.007-1.026), prior treatment (HR: 3.130-8.413), WHO grade (HR: 0.083-0.216), and extent of surgical resection (HR: 0.312-0.765) were significant prognostic factors of OS. Conclusion: WHO grade and extent of surgical resection were significant prognostic factors of PFS; WHO grade, extent of surgical resection, age and prior treatment were significant prognostic factors of OS.
Keywords: neurology; spinal cord; astrocytoma; WHO grade; surgical resection; prognosis

Title: Role of ERK pathway in central nervous system diseases

Authors: CHI Chunling, LIU Bin
PP: 471-476
Abstract: Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) is one of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and it plays an important role in transmitting the extracellular signals to the cell, and widely involves in the complex physiological and pathological processes. In the central nervous system, the present study found that the ERK pathway not only played an important role in learning and memory formation, but also involved in many common central nervous system diseases such as cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and epilepsy. This article will focus on the latest research progress of ERK pathway in the central nervous system diseases.
Keywords: neurology; ERK pathway; review; biological function

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