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April 15,2010
Volume 3,Issue 7
Pages 639-741
Subject Area:Agricultural Engineering,Crop Physiology,Ecology,Animal Histology,Biophysics,Cell Biology,Genetics,Botany

Title: Research on a seamlessly-integrated GIS and GPS technology for the Dalinuoer national nature conservation zone

Authors: GUAN Ruihua, SHANG Shiyou, WU Guohua, ZHANG Yulong
PP: 735～741
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to seamlessly integrate a geographic information system (GIS) and a global positioning system (GPS) to develop a management tool for the protection of the Dalinuoer National Nature Conservation Zone. The core input data of the management tool include the 2.53 m CBERS thematic images and 50,000-scale topographic maps. The integration was realized by using VB 6.0 as the computer programming language, SuperMap Objects 5.2 as the GIS customization platform , SQL Sever 2005 as the database programming language, and GpsLink.ocx control with the VC development kit as the communication link and data transmission. With the GPS real-time dynamic monitoring data, the management tool can provide efficient, prompted, and reliable information for scientific decisions that aim to protect the Dalinuoer national nature conservation zone.
Keywords: agricultural engineering; Dalinuoer national nature conservation zone; geographic information system; global position system; integration; dynamic monitoring

Title: Effect of Botrytis cinrea infection on photosynthesis and PSⅡ photochemical activity in leaves of cucumber

Authors: JIA Yujiao, GAO Huiyuan, WANG Weibin, ZHANG Zishan, MENG Qingwei
PP: 729～734
Abstract: Effect of Botrytis cinrea infection on photosynthetic activities and photosynthetic apparatus in leaves of cucumber infected by B. cinrea were studied by measurements of gas exchange and analysis of the fast polyphasic chlorophyll fluorescence transient. The photosynthetic rate （Pn） and stomatal conductance （Gs） decreased and intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） increased. So the decrease of the photosynthetic rate was because of the decrease of photosynthetic activities in mesophyllic cells. The electron transport of photosynthetic apparatus was blocked and oxygen evolving complexes are injured by the analysis of the fast polyphasic chlorophyll fluorescence transient. The decline of PSⅡ photochemistry activities was mainly due to the blocked electron transport and injury of the oxygen evolving complexes （OEC）. Also, the blocked electron transport and injury of the oxygen evolving complexes were one of the causes that induced the decrease of photodynthetic capacity in leaves of cucumber.
Keywords: botany; cucumber; Botrytis cinrea; photosynthesis; PSⅡ photochemical activity; oxygen evolving complex

Title: A preliminary study on driving forces of ecosystem service function change

Authors: JIANG Tongchang, WANG Yuchuan, GONG Jie, XIE Yuchu, YUE Dongxia
PP: 723～728
Abstract: Driving force analysis plays various and important role in the study of spatial-temporal changes of ecosystem service function. Based on the previous studies, this paper systematically discussed the definition and classification of the driving forces of ecosystem service function change, the features of driving forces system, the differences of driving forces and the impacts of driving forces on ecosystem service function, and pointed out the current situation and next research focus of driving forces study, such as the quantitative study of human driving forces, the spatial transfer of ecosystem service function and so on. This paper can be served as the basis for researchers and scientists in understanding driving forces of ecosystem service function, for some hints for research on ecosystem management.
Keywords: ecology; ecosystem; service function; driving forces; natural factors; human activities

Title: Relationships between metabolic rates and body composition in Eothenomys miletus

Authors: ZHU Wanlong, WANG Rui, XIAO Caihong, JIA Ting, LIAN Xiao, WANG Zhengkun
PP: 718～722
Abstract: In this paper, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and cold induced maximum metabolic rate (MMR) in 20 wild Eothenomys miletus were measured. Then the E. miletus were dissected and 11 body parts were weighed. The BMR was 77.99 mL O2/h and the MMR was 252.79 mL O2/h (mean body mass was 39.56 g). The relationship between residual variations of BMR, MMR and 11 body parts were analyzed, and it was found that none of the variations in body components could be linked to the variation in BMR, however the kidney wet mass and total digestive tract length were highly correlated with MMR (n=20, R=-0.634, P=0.032 and n=20, R=-0.682, P=0.013, separately). These data indicate that in E. miletus variation in BMR is not caused by the variation in the mass of the body parts that we examined. A metabolic mechanism to generate high MMR exists in which the small intestine plays the major part, but the size of this metabolic machinery is not reflected by BMR. The correlation between variation in BMR and variation in MMR was not significant. Therefore, the results do not support the hypothesis that BMR variation reflects the evolution of metabolic machinery to generate high nonbasal metabolic rates during energetically demanding periods such as cold exposure.
Keywords: ecology; body composition; open respirometer; Eothenomys miletus

Title: Study on physical and chemical properties of red pigment of black soybean seed coat

Authors: SHAO Lei, WU Na, JIA Junjie, ZHAO Chao, YIN Jingchao, YANG Weimin
PP: 707～711
Abstract: The paper takes black bean seed coat as raw material, and studies physical and chemical properties of the red pigment. The results showed that: the red pigment is stable to heat, reductive material, sugar, sodium benzoate, and some metal ions, and instable to light and oxidative material. The red pigment extraction method is simple, stable, easy to operate, and it is a good resource of natural pigment.
Keywords: botany; red pigment; black soybeans; extraction technology; stability

Title: Comparative study on liver structure of Cyprinus carpio and Lateolabrax japonicus

Authors: LI Haiyun, HUANG Wenjing, ZHANG Ren, SUN Yanmin
PP: 692～698
Abstract: Routine anatomy, paraffin section, hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining and micrography histology research techniques were used to study the liver structure of Cyprinus carpio (omnivorous) and Lateolabrax japonicus (carnivorous) and much detail comparative work was done to understand the relationship between structure and function. The results showed that there were differences between the two kinds of liver on size, shape, volume, color, density and the state of gallbladder on tissue structure, and the livers were both covered by thin serosa layer. Light-microscope observation showed that it was not possible to distinguish hepatic lobule for less connective tissue enters hepatic parenchyma from serosa layer. Central veins were found varied in size and randomly throughout the hepatic parenchyma of fish, irregularly. There were interlobular arteries, interlobular veins, and interlobular bile ducts distributed at portal area around hepatic lobule. Exocrine pancreatic tissue located in the liver, around the major portal vessels and was collectively called the hepatopancreas. Thin septa of connective tissue separated the hepatocytes from the exocrine pancreatic cells. Hepatopancreas were mainly formed by acinus with centro-alveolar cells. Hepatopancreas developed well in liver of C. carpio, which had more acinus, the gland cells contained numerous acidophilic zymogen granules, a few glands were with compact nucleolus, which cytoplasm stained saffron by H-E. Hepatopancreas of L. japonicus developed poorly, only a few acinus, the gland cells also contained numerous acidophilic zymogen granules. Along portal vein and its branches there were numerous melano-macrophage aggregates in liver of L. japonicus beside its hepatopancreas, but none of that kind of structure was found in liver of C. carpio.
Keywords: animal histology; Cyprinus carpio; Lateolabrax japonicus; liver; comparison of histological structure

Title: Scanning electron microscopic observation in larvae of Carabus prodigus (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Authors: LIU Guiqing, TIAN Mingyi
PP: 712～717
Abstract: By using the technics of scanning electron microscope (SEM), the shape, amount and distribution of the antennal, maxillary and labial palps, urogomphi sensilla of the larva Carabus prodigus were observed and their function were discussed. There were sensilla trichoidea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla digitifomia, sensilla coeloconia, sensilla campaniformia, sensilla styloconicum and cuticle collared sensilla on the larvae. Sensilla campaniformia and sensilla trichoidea are mechanoreceptors; while sensilla basiconica are chemoreceptors. Sensilla digitifomia and sensilla coeloconia can be both mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors, sensilla styloconicum and cuticle collared sensilla are firstly discovered in ground beetle larvae, and their function are unknown so far.
Keywords: entomology; larval sensory patterns; scanning electron microscope; Carabus prodigus; ultrastructure

Title: Preparation of polyclonal antiserum against human PINK1 and its expression in rat brain

Authors: LI Jisheng, LI Yaohua, LI Xin, YU Shun, WANG Nianqiang, SUN Xiaohong, YANG Hui
PP: 686～691
Abstract: Objective: To prepare Parkinson disease (PD) related protein PINK1 polyclonal antiserum and investigate its expression in rat brain. Methods: To obtain the antiserum against human PINK1, two New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with recombinant His-tag fusion human PINK1 protein. Purified by salt fractionation, the specificity and sensitivity of the antiserum were verified by Western blot method. The location and distribution were further determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: The human recombinant PINK1 gene was highly expressed as inclusions in prokaryotic expression system. After first salt fractionation, western blot analysis demonstrated that the antiserum detected a 40 ku band in recombinant human PINK1 protein and a 66 ku band in rat brain homogenates, which were anticipated. Immunohistochemical staining on normal adult rat brain sections showed that the PINK1-immunoreactive substance presented in rat brain bulbus olfactorius, cortex, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, substantia nigra and red nucleus. Conclusion: the experiment has prepared a polyclonal antiserum against human PINK1 and the PINK1-immunoreactive substance was widely distributed in rat central nervous system. The antiserum provided a useful experimental tool to profoundly research the tissue expression profile, intercellular location and biological function of PINK1.
Keywords: neurobiology; PINK1; polyclonal antiserum; rat; recombinant protein

Title: The symmetry analysis of palindrome P4 in the human Y chromosome

Authors: LI Maoyi, HU Zhejiao, JIANG Hu, WU Jing, QIU Wenyuan
PP: 682～685
Abstract: In this paper, sequence alignment methods have been used to reveal some symmetry breaking characters of palindrome P4 in the human Y chromosome. The results show that mutations between nucleotides are more likely to occur within purines or pyridines; and insertions and deletions may prefer in simple repeat area. These results make a novel approach to characterize DNA sequence, which provide helpful basis for further studies on the origins and evolutions of P4 and Y chromosome.
Keywords: biomathematics; symmetry breaking; sequence alignment; human Y chromosome; palindrome P4; repeat sequence

Title: The expression of Bombyx mori polyhedron gene in Escherichia coli

Authors: HUANG Zhuliang, YU Wei
PP: 677～681
Abstract: In this paper, the biological information of obtained polyhedron gene was analyzed, the open reading frame containing 738 bp, encoded a polypeptide with 246 amino acids and the predicted molecular weight was 28.85 ku. The fusion protein expression vector pET-28a-polh was constructed and identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme analysis. The fusion gene was expressed in E.coli cell strain BL 21 and induced by IPTG with final concentration of 1 mmol/L, the expressed product was detected by SDS-PAGE. The results showed that there was a specific band at the site of about 35.0 ku, it just matched with the predicted molecular weight (His-tag was weight of 3.56 ku, and polyhedron was weight of 28.85 ku). Further more, the cells were broke up by ultrasonic and then centrifuged at 12 000 rad/min, the supernatant and sedimentum were collected, respectively. The results of SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the recombination fusion protein was in the sedimentum.
Keywords: biochemistry and molecular biology; Bombyx mori; baculovirus; polyhedron gene

Title: Production and characteristic identification of antisera raised against recombinant common carp MHC class Ⅱ β chain by DNA immunity

Authors: ZHANG Yan，YANG Guiwen，AN Liguo
PP: 670～676
Abstract: In this paper, total RNA was first extracted from the spleen of common carp, then reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify cDNA fragment encoding β1 and β2 domain of MHC-Ⅱβ chain. This fragment was cloned into pcDNA3.1 and constructed the eukaryotic expression vector. The correct recombinant vector was injected into mice, and after four weeks, the polyclonal antisera were got from these mice. Western blot analysis showed that the antisera could bind with the MHC-Ⅱβ expressed in E.coli specifically. These results indicate that the anti-carp MHC-Ⅱβ serum has been got by gene immunization, providing a powerful tool for further study of fish MHC-Ⅱ molecules.
Keywords: molecular biology; Cyprinus carpio L.; MHC-Ⅱ; DNA immunity; antibody

Title: Research on inhibition of mice melanoma cell B16F10 metastasis by N/2/3DS heparin

Authors: SHEN Jian, ZHENG Sheng, LIU Yan, WANG Ruifei, ZENG Xianlu
PP: 655～659
Abstract: This paper analyzes the anti-coagulation activity, anti-metastasis effect and mechanism of chemically modified heparins. It is found that modified N/2/3DS heparin has reduced anti-coagulation activity and it can retain the strong inhibitory effect on tumor metastasis. Under shear stress condition, heparin and N/2/3DS heparin reduce the number of melanoma cell B16F10 adhering to platelets. The experiments show that fibrinogen promotes the adhesion of B16F10 to platelets, and N/2/3DS heparin inhibits this effect. The results suggest that it is possible that N/2/3DS heparin can be used as anti-metastasis drug in clinic.
Keywords: cytobiology； tumor metastasis； laminar flow adhesion assays； N/2/3DS heparin; B16F10; anti-coagulation; fibrinogen

Title: Research progress of storage effect on red blood cell rheological properties and oxygen carrying function

Authors: LI Yaojin, WANG Xiang, OUYANG Xiongyan, WANG Juanjuan
PP: 650～654
Abstract: In this paper, the current study on effect of blood storage on red blood cell rheological properties and function has been reviewed systematically. The red blood cell rheological properties and oxygen carrying capacity affect the quality of blood and clinical transfusion effectiveness significantly. In the preservation process, the deformability of red blood cells declines continuously but vascular endothelial adhesion increases. 2，3-DPG failures with storage time extension, the oxygen affinity of red blood cell increases but releasing-oxygen ability reduces gradually.
Keywords: cell biology; red blood cell; review; oxygen carrying capacity

Title: Research progress of small non-protein-coding RNAs: introduction of bioinformatic analysis and related databases

Authors: WANG Yu, FAN Longjiang
PP: 639～649
Abstract: Small non-protein-coding RNAs (12～24 nt) broadly exist in both eucaryotes and prokaryotes, and regulate gene expression through direct cleavage of the target mRNAs or suppression the translation in post-transcriptional level. Known small RNAs can mainly be classified into two groups: microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Bioinformatics methods can help the analysis of small RNAs effectively. As the appearance and increasing of the related computational methods, softwares and small RNA databases, it’s necessary to introduce the research progress about the computational identification of small RNAs and prediction of target genes, and the information of related small RNA databases.
Keywords: bioinformatics; small non-protein-coding RNAs; review; microRNA; small interfering RNA; miRBase

Title: Research of light energy absorption, transmission and conversion characteristics in functional leaves of high-yield hybrid rice

Authors: YU Guanghui, CHEN Guoxiang, JIANG Yuzhen, YUAN Zhongyuan, LV Chuangen, GAO Zhiping, HAN Biao
PP: 699～706
Abstract: To investigate the primary photochemical reaction of chloroplasts in functional leaves of Liangyoupeijiu and Shanyou 63 in the reproductive growth stage, this paper provides theoretical insights into physiological basis for high yield of the super high-yield hybrid rice. Through fluorescence dynamics knowledge and professional process software, the paper measured and analyzed chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of functional leaves of Liangyoupeijiu and Shanyou 63, and assessed characteristics of solar energy absorption, transmission and conversion. In this experiment, changes of chlorophyll content, chloroplast energy flow，the structure and status of the primary photochemical reaction and the photosynthetic apparatus in PS Ⅱ of functional leaves were studied. Be compared with Shanyou 63, chlorophyll content per unit mass in functional leaves of Liangyoupeijiu was higher, and it had a relative long period of stability and higher chla/chlb ratio. In the term of light absorption and distribution, there was no significant difference in light absorption per unit leaf area of functional leaves, but the number of active reaction centers on the unit leaf area was more than Shanyou 63, the excitation energy of QA used to restore in a high form, the energy of heat dissipation was relatively fewer, the energy transferred into the electron transport chain was higher. Fluorescence analysis showed that structures and status of the body side, the receptor side and the reaction center in PS Ⅱ performed better than Shanyou 63, indicated that Liangyoupeijiu had a higher efficient in the transforming light energy into chemical energy. Having higher light energy absorption, transmission and conversion efficiency than Shanyou 63, Liangyoupeijiu established a physiological basis of super high yield.
Keywords: botany; reproductive growth stage; functional leaves; primary photochemical reaction; fluorescence dynamics; the body side, the receptor side and the reaction center of PSⅡ

Title: The optimization and purification of the expression of recombinant protein cytochrome P450nor2 and analysis of the homology modeling

Authors: LI Shuxiang, LI Chen, YUAN Liling, LI Na, YUAN Yongze, YANG Jiangke, YAN Yunjun, LIU Deli
PP: 665～669
Abstract: In order to successfully express the recombinant protein cytochrome P450nor2, recombinant plasmid pET-P450nor2 was constructed. Through optimizing the expression condition of the recombinant protein and using the Ni+-NTA affinity resin column, the soluble and purified protein cytochrome P450nor2 was obtained. By using of the Tripos sybyl software, three-dimensional(3D) model of p450nor2 was established based on high sequence similarity to homologous protein p450nor1 structure and the perfect homology modeling was obtained. The P450nor2 protein model was scored by Procheck process after energy minimization. With the confirmation of the reasonable modeling, molecule docking and function analysis were performed by FlexX. The analysis of function and construction about recombinant protein P450nor2 will lay the solid foundation for the study of small molecules to target enzyme.
Keywords: molecular biology; cytochrome P450nor2; optimization of expression conditions; homology modeling

Title: Identification of a first genetic component required for root growth and development of Arabidopsis in response to external L-glutamate

Authors: GONG Yuanyong, QU Xiaoqing, LIU Laihua
PP: 660～664
Abstract: Arabidopsis roots are able to sense external L-glutamate (L-Glu) as a signal to consequently alter their growth pattern and architecture, but a molecular genetics underlying this biological process remains absolutely unknown. By growth phenotyping of Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants defective in 20 individual glutamate receptor genes (AtGLRs) under 5 mmol/L L-Glu, this research revealed that only atglr2.5 mutant lines greatly lost their root-sensitivity to L-Glu compared to the wild type plants. This leads to a suggestion that atglr2.5 would be a crucial genetic component involved in the molecular mechanism of root growth and development in response to L-Glu.
Keywords: molecular biology; L-glutamate; Arabidopsis thaliana; atglr2.5; root architecture

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