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December 30,2009
Volume 2,Issue 24
Pages 2546-2654
Subject Area:Environmental Ecology,Environmental Biology,Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Medicine,Enviromental Management, Environmental Economics, Environmental Law,Environmental Quality Monitering and Evaluation,Environmental Engineering

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Title: The research about the propagation of Tamarix chinensis and its biological characteristics

Authors: WANG Cui, LI Shufeng, LIU Ping, HUANG Ling, YUAN Limei, ZHOU Yu
PP: 2643～2646
Abstract: To widely propagate Tamarix chinensis, this experiment researched the species on its reproductive ways and physiological characteristics. During the comparison of its reproductive ways, one group Chinese Tamarisk was used as contrast, ten duplications were set in each salt gradient group, with five plants in each duplication. Eight salt gradients were planned in the experiment: contrast group, 0.8%, 1.1%, 1.4%, 1.7%, 2.0%, 2.3%, 2.6%, and the pH value was controlled at 8. It is found that cuttage is more available than seeds though the work. So cuttage can be used as a simple and effective way to breed the plant. In addition, it is also found that Chinese Tamarisk thrives best in soil with 0.8%~2.6% salty degree, and it grows less in higher salt levels.
Keywords: ecology; Tamarix chinensis; propagation; cuttage; survival rate

Title: Effect of soil pH on aluminum toxicity in the soybean/soil system

Authors: WU Songlin, WANG Chizhong, WANG Lun, XIE Zhonglei, LI Hang
PP: 2637～2642
Abstract: In this paper, the condition of growing development of soybean (JN NO.12) grown in northeast China soil was researched by pot experiment. The pot test was disposed by different pH and different concentration of extraneous Al. The content of soil active Al and soybean Al were then determined by sampling soil and plant. The result showed that soil pH was the main factor affecting the content of soil active Al. The content of soil active Al increased with soil pH decreasing. The growing development of soybean presented a certain discipline, namely there might exist a soil pH point (or a space) between 4 and 6. When soil pH was higher than this point (or the space), the content of active Al in soil was suitable and the effect of aluminum toxicity on soybean growth was not significant. When soil pH was lower than this point (or the space), the content of active Al in soil increased obviously，and soybean growth was affected by aluminum toxicity distinctly. Moreover, the accumulation of Al in the soybean plant increased with the content of active Al in soil increasing.
Keywords: soil chemistry; aluminum toxicity on plant; active aluminum; soil pH value

Title: Basic study on physiological toxicity of pyrocathechol on plant cells

Authors: DU Yingjun, GUAN Wenbin, SHI Yi, WANG Chenrui, QU Xiangrong, ZHANG Linnan, SHEN Xinjun, WANG Miao, JIN Yuehua
PP: 2632～2636
Abstract: In order to study physiological toxicity of pyrocatechol on metabolic of plant cells, the paper used treated tree seedlings with ultraviolet-B (UV-B)［11.66 kJ/(m2·d)］ and CO2 ［（700±80） μmol/mol］combined treatment and pyrocatechol treatment. The results showed that pyrocatechol content increased while chlorophyll content decreased under UV-B and CO2 combine treatment, and decreasing and damage of electron transport activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and photo systemⅡ (PSⅡ) in white birch (Betula platyphylla) leaves and Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) seedling needls were observed. The results show that pyrocatechol may have physiological toxicity on metabolism of cells.
Keywords: environment pollution and protection; white birch; Korean pine; ultraviolet-B and CO2 combined treatment; pyrocatechol; physiological toxicity

Title: Influence of changes in water level on the values of ecological service function in grass type lake wetland

Authors: YANG Wei
PP: 2626～2631
Abstract: In this paper, the values of ecological service function of Baiyangdian wetland in three different years were evaluated by using the market value method, travel cost method, carbon tax method and substituted expense method. The influence of changes in water level in the different years on the values of ecological service function was discussed. The results showed that the values of ecological service function of Baiyangdian wetland are 85 897.5×104 Yuan, 70 563.1×104 Yuan and 96 202×104 Yuan in the three different years, respectively, and the effect of water level on the values is obvious. The values of substance produces and water resources fluctuate greatly.
Keywords: territorial ecology; ecological service function; value evaluation; hydrological characteristic; Baiyangdian wetland

Title: Dynamic analysis of the ecological footprint of northwest ethnic minority region: a case study on Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Authors: YANG Jing, CHEN Xingpeng, ZHANG Zilong, GUO Xiaojia, XUE Bing
PP: 2619～2625
Abstract: The theories and the calculation methods of ecological footprints were used to analyze the structure of ecological footprint and ecological capacity, of Xinjiang during 1985～2005. And then a model was established to analyze the relationship between every kind of productive and ecological land area and GDP per capita. Based on this, the paper analyzed the development trend of the relationship between economic growth and environmental pressures. The results showed that: 1) The per capita ecological footprint of Xinjiang was constantly increasing, rising from 1.661 3 hm2 in 1998 to 4.644 5 hm2 in 2005, but the per capita ecological capacity was decreasing from 1.541 8 hm2 to 1.506 0 hm2. So the ecological deficit increased year by year. The deficit of 2005 was 25 times as many as 1983; 2) During the study period, the ecological footprint structure had changed. The proportion of the demands for farm land, grassland and fossil energy land decreased; the proportion of the demands of forest land, water area and building land increased, and the proportion of the demand of the fossil energy land was still the largest; 3) Xinjiang’s economic development relies mainly on animal husbandry, heavy chemical industry and agriculture; 4) Xinjiang’s economic growth mode is environmentally threatening. The development of Xinjiang is pushed into an unsustainable state.
Keywords: ecological economy; ecological footprint; system status; correlation analysis; environmentally threatening

Title: Research on the retrieval method for the surface broadband albedo in desertification area with MODIS data: a case study in Xinjiang aeolian desertification regions

Authors: ZHAO Jun, HUO Aidi
PP: 2613～2618
Abstract: Taking the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) remote sensing image data and spectral data from surface field synchronous observation in Xinjiang as an example, this research retrieved surface albedo with the little amount of data and the data had been calibrated. Under the linear relationship between narrow band albedos and broadband albedos, by setting up multiple linear regression equation with the narrow-band albedo of the same time MODIS image data, it achieved retrieval from narrow-band to broadband albedo. The conversion of broadband albedos was fulfilled finally. The regression model was tested for the desertification region of Xinjiang using MODIS image data and synchronous observed surface spectral data based on the above conversion algorithm. The results show that the method is convenient and feasible under a specific surface/atmospheric condition.
Keywords: environmentology; albedo; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; incident light flux; reflected light flux

Title: Formation and degradation kinetics of aerobic aniline-degrading granular sludge

Authors: ZHU Liang, XU Xiangyang, TIAN Zhijuan, LUO Weiguo
PP: 2605～2612
Abstract: This study demonstrates that aerobically grown microbial granules fed with aniline (AN) as the sole carbon source and energy can be developed to achieve high aniline loading rate in a sequencing airlift bioreactor (SABR). The SABR was started with fresh activated sludge as inoculum. During the granulation stage, the surficial gas velocity, settling time and the influent loading were contronled. The aerobic granules were first appeared on day 47 after startup. The aniline loading rate was then adjusted stepwise to a final value of 1.2 kg·-3·d-1. At this high loading rate, the chemical oxygen demand(COD) and removal rate of the AN were respectively above 99% and 95%. The mature aerobic granules had compact structure, mean size of (1.22±0.17) mm, minimal settling velocity of (35.0±1.8) m·h-1, sludge volume index (SVI) of (45.5±2.5) mL·g-1, specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of 91.5 mgDO·gVSS-1·h-1 and specific aniline degradation rate of (0.41±0.08) g·gVSS-1·d-1. The microbial granules consisted of bacterial rods and cocci embedded in an extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Degradation kinetics for all tests were well described by the typical substrate inhibition pattern as predicted by the Haldane equation, and the corresponding kinetic coefficients of Vmax, Ks and Ki were (1.40±0.42) g·gVSS-1·d-1, (124.87±34.69) mg·L-1 and (1 428.5±53.1) mg·L-1, respectively.
Keywords: environmental microbiology; aerobic granule; aniline; sequential airlift bioreactor; kinetics

Title: Transboundary water conflict evaluating method and its weight sensitivity analysis

Authors: ZENG Yong
PP: 2598～2604
Abstract: Aimed at the uncertainty of indexes selection and weight distribution in the field of transboundary water conflict evaluation methods, the evaluating model based on dissatisfactory function was set up according to the definition of transboundary water conflict. The Monte Carlo simulation and variance contribution method were used to analyze the sensitivity of weight. The transboundary water conflict in Guanting reservoir was selected as example to study. The total dissatisfactory degrees are between 1.54 and 5.93, average 3.53, which explains the serious situation in studied area. The trend of it descends firstly but rises recently. The sensitivity analysis of weight shows that the confidence intervals of total dissatisfactory degrees under confidence level 95% are ［0.82, 9.91］, which implies the uncertainty of weight impacts evaluating result largely. Among them, the aggregate variance contribution for weight of indexes is 87.0%, which is much higher than weight of decision-maker. It can be inferred that the weight of indexes is more important than that of decision-maker in changing evaluating results. The weight A3 is the mostly sensitive parameter for dissatisfactory degrees of Beijing, Zhangjiakou and total, which all can explain 60% of total variance contribution.
Keywords: environmental management; transboundary water conflict evaluation; dissatisfactory function; sensitivity of weight; Guanting reservoir

Title: The formation mechanism of algal bloom in canyon drinking water reservoir of Zhejiang province and the countermeasures

Authors: JIN Chunhua， LIU Baoning， CAO Zheng, ZHU Wencai， SHEN Lu
PP: 2593～2597
Abstract: This paper investigates the chemical parameters changes in Hunanzhen Reservoir from December 2007 to October 2008 with an outbreak of algal blooms. The parameters included water temperature (WT), pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll-a. It is found that the formation of blue-green algae outbreak is closely related to the reservoir’s eutrophication status, the unique geographical conditions, hydrological conditions and the ecological system structure. Then countermeasures were put forward.
Keywords: hydrology and water resources; canyon reservoir; algae bloom; the formation mechanism

Title: An estimation method for plant VOC emission based on GIS

Authors: CONG Xiaonan, LU Tao, WANG Yuanfei
PP: 2588～2592
Abstract: In order to cut down the expense and to improve the computing speed, the paper raises a new estimation method based on geographic information system (GIS) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emission data in a previous year, and make it work in the estimation of Shanghai plant VOC emission volume. According to the computation result, the emission volumes of isoprene and terpene in Shanghai in the year 2006 are respectively amounted to 2.3×109 and 2.9×109 kg.
Keywords: environment science; volatile organic compound; geographic information system; buffer distance; ArcEngine

Title: Kinetics for phenol wastewater degradation using three dimensional electrode reactor

Authors: ZHU Fangtian, ZHANG Guangdong, WANG Lizhang
PP: 2582～2587
Abstract: From the simplification of the global energy model for three dimensional electrode reactor through relevant mathematical method, the equation for the description of the relationship between removal efficiency and flowrate could be obtained. At the same time, the experimental results revealed that the phenol could be removed at these designed experimental conditions and there was a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental ones, which demonstrated that phenol removal efficiency could be well estimated by the proposed kinetics. Furthermore, the kinetics also could be employed for the accurate design of this kind of electrochemical reactor.
Keywords: environmental engineering; three dimensional electrode reactor; kinetics; phenol; Newton iteration coefficient

Title: Study on synthesis of rainwater harvesting material

Authors: SHI Dong, LIN Guoliang, WANG Yi, MENG Qi
PP: 2575～2581
Abstract: This paper implements water absorption and conservation of rainwater harvesting material by use of water-absorbent polymer, so as to promote plant growth. The experiment mainly studied the capacity of the synthetic polymer for purifying the harvested rainwater. The experimental results show that the bentonite added with the absorbent polymer-phenolic foam had greatly improved capability for purifying rainwater. When choosing bentonile as basic material to be synthesized with phenolic foam, the water absorption rate and water loss rate of the polymer towards rainwater change with bentonite proportion change.
Keywords: environmental engineering; rainwater harvesting; synthetic polymer; bentonite

Title: Research on rapid cultivation and treatment efficiency of aerobic granular sludge in SBR: taking steaming process waste water as an example

Authors: NIU Qigui,, LI Jincheng,, LI Xueping, XIAO Huali, HU Shiyu, WANG Junya, SHU Zehui
PP: 2569～2574
Abstract: Anaerobic granular sludge was rapidly cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using glucose and steaming process waste water as carbon source, and anaerobic granular sludge in well-operated upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and aerobic activated sludge as inoculation sludge. Changes of appearance, structure and function of aerobic granular sludge were analyzed. Observations on the change of granules’ shape and structure revealed that the granules experienced a shape-keeping and component-replacing process. The sludge concentration increased and later decreased, and after 30 d reached a constant of 6 g/L with its SVI of 35 mL/g. The diameter mainly distributed in 0.5～1.0 mm, granular sludge was dominated in the reactor during 30～50 d of the process. COD removal efficiencies of waster water with high and low concentrations respectively reached 92% and 88%, and favorable removal efficiencies on TP, TN and NH3-N were obtained.
Keywords: environmental engineering; granular sludge characteristics; aerobic granular sludge; anaerobic granular sludge; sequencing batch reactor; removal efficiency

Title: Comparative experiment on effect of composting and fly-ash on forms of heavy metals of sewage sludge

Authors: PAN Yu, ZENG Zhengzhong, WANG Zhibo, LU Yuqiong
PP: 2565～2568
Abstract: In order to promote the application of the sewage sludge, based on determination of the fundamental nature of the sludge in Lanzhou Yaner Bay sewage treatment plant, the experiment researched the effect of composting and fly ash on the effective state of heavy metals Zn, Cd, Pb. The results showed that composting and fly ash can reduce the content of exchangeable Zn, Cd and carbonate-bound Zn, and increase the content of carbonate-bound Cd, Pb. The distinguish between impact of original and modified fly ash on the forms of heavy metals is not regular.
Keywords: prevention and governance engineering of waste pollution；sewage sludge; composting; original and modified fly ash; forms of heavy metals

Title: Quantitative analysis on VOCs at workplace of painting workshop

Authors: XIA Shibin, YU Xiaoning, ZHANG Yang, HUANG Rong, LU Shuangyue, ZENG Yizhe, TANG Guangtao
PP: 2560～2564
Abstract: The thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrom (thermalysis-GC/MS) was adopted to analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air of a mobile corporation in this paper. There were 126 samples from eleven workplaces of five painting workshops detected in this test. The concentrations of benzene, toluene, n-butyl acetate, o-xylene, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, and undecane were studied by quantitative analysis. The contents of the eight organisms were assessed according to the contact limits on nocuous chemist factor in workplace, and benzene, toluene were beyond the standard.
Keywords: atmospheric pollution control engineering; volatile organic compounds; thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrom; workplace of painting workshop; quantitative analysis

Title: Research of techniques and their development of printing and dyeing wastewater processing

Authors: YAN Xianghui, LI Duosong
PP: 2553～2559
Abstract: This paper introduced the hazard, source and characteristics of dyeing and printing wastewater, and analysed the reason of the bio-chemical treatment without effect; reviewed the treatment from physical chemistry, chemistry, biology and a combination of different approaches comprehensively; summed up the current approaches applied broadly, among them adsorption and coagulation were applied in further disposal and recycling universally, advanced oxidation technology and its combination were researched broadly, anaerobic and aerobic treatments and their combination were the main approaches to dispose CODCr and color; stressed an introduction to advanced oxidation and biological technique and their advantages, problems and the major research topics at present; summed up the research aspects currently; put forward that the combination of different methods to treat the dyeing and printing wastewater should be applied in large; and advocated clean production of source reduction and process control in dyeing and printing industry.
Keywords: environmental engineering; dyeing wastewater; review; advanced oxidation; biological treatment; adsorption; coagulation

Title: Research development of sludge stabilization

Authors: LI Guodong, SONG Xiulan, LU Liyan
PP: 2546～2552
Abstract: Sludge stabilization is a crucial step for the innocuity treatment and resource utilization of sludge. The latest researches on sludge stabilization technologies are summarized and that all kinds of sludge stabilization technologies including anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, micro-aerobic digestion and composting can make sludge stabilize to some extent is pointed out. However, for specific sludge, the appropriate sludge stabilization process should be selected to make the cost and effect of sludge stabilization be optimal.
Keywords: environmental engineering; sludge stabilization; review; anaerobic digestion; aerobic digestion; micro-aerobic digestion; composting

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