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ISSN 1674-2850
CN 11-9150/N5
 
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August 30,2009
Volume 2,Issue 16
Pages 1623-1753
Subject Area:Food Inspection,Basic Subject of Food Science and Technology,Food Fermentation and Brewing Technology,Food Processing Technology,Forest Soil Science,Garden Botany,Agricultural Entomology,Crop Physiology,Crop Cultivation,Agriculture Environmental Engineering
 
Title: Study on the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres by precipitation polymerization
Authors: LIU Jihong, YANG Weihai, YAN Shoulei, WANG Qingzhang, LI Jie
PP: 1748～1753
Abstract: The shape and size of the molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres affect the application thereof, so in this paper the factors, including solution, volume, sparge time and polymerization time, which would affect the shape and yield, were discussed and optimized. The results showed that nanometric molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres were prepared in acetonitrile and chloroform by precipitation polymerization. The experimental condition was as follows, the sparge time was 5 min, and the polymerization time is 24 h. The shape and diameter of the obtained microspheres were evaluated by environmental scanning microscopy XL60. The results showed that the uniform, global nanometric microspheres were obtained. This study can enhance the application of molecularly imprinted microspheres in practice.
Keywords: functional material; molecular imprinting; polymer microspheres; precipitation polymerization
 
Title: Primary study of sulfur dioxide residue elimination from food by a biocatalyst
Authors: WANG Xiangli, HUANG Guoping, WEN Qibiao
PP: 1743～1747
Abstract: Chloroplast separated from spinach in this study was applied to remove sulfite from sodium bisulfate. Two-step centrifugation method for extracting chloroplast from spinach was used. The extraction rate and yield reached 19.4% and 5.7% respectively. The extracted chloroplast was then applied in the oxidation of NaHSO3 solution. A sufficiently high rate (95.1%) of sulfite elimination was observed with 0.1 g/L chloroplast, at pH8.0, within 2 hours. An oxidation prompting role of sun light irradiation and consistant agitation during the reaction was also observed.
Keywords: food biochemistry; biocatalyst; chloroplast; sulfites; removal
 
Title: Cloning, sequence analysis and expression of chitosanase-cellulase bifunctional enzyme from Trichoderma viride
Authors: LIU Ping, XIA Wenshui, LIU Jing, GAO Qinxue
PP: 1736～1742
Abstract: The full-length cDNA sequence of chitosanase-cellulase bifunctional enzyme(CCBE) was cloned from Trichoderma viride RNA using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Smart-RACE methods. This cDNA of 2 018 bp was identical with its DNA sequence, which contained two introns. Sequence analysis indicated that CCBE gene had high homology to those of fungal CBHⅠ belonging to family 7 of glycosyl hydrolase, while none similarity with chitosanases of GH-46, GH-75, GH-80, or those bacterial CCBEs of GH-5 and GH-8.The cDNA sequence (intron-retaining) encoding the mature peptide of CCBE was inserted into the Pichia pastoris vector pPIC9K, downstream of α-factor signal peptide sequence. The resulted recombinant plasmid pPIC-CCBE was linearized by SalⅠ digestion and introduced into the P. pastoris GS115 by electro-transformation method. After screening, the recombinant P. pastoris strain was obtained and induced in 25 mL methylotropic culture medium. Expression of the CCBE gene in P. pastoris cells resulted in high chitosanase activity but no cellulase activity of CCBE and the appearance of a recombinant protein of 55 ku detected on SDS-PAGE indicated that the two enzyme activities of CCBE were determined by one single gene and had two distinct catalytic domains. Otherwise, the above results suggested that the fungi producing CCBE gene underwent alternative splicing pattern, and the introns were probably involved in its transcription and post-translation, which would be in relation to its bifunctional activities and isoforms.
Keywords: biochemistry and molecular biology; chitosanase-cellulase bifunctional enzyme; gene cloning; Trichoderma viride; Pichia patoris
 
Title: Microbial fermentation kinetic model fitting with SAS software
Authors: DAI Zhikai, RUAN Zheng
PP: 1731～1735
Abstract: Most of dynamic models for microbial fermentation are so non-linear that the regression of model parameters is difficult to obtain. SAS software can easily calculate accurate and credible results with a special non-linear fitting module. In this paper, the SAS program was used to estimate the parameters of kinetics model. The results show that the fitting results are credible and accurate. So this method can be widely used in the fermentation kinetics of modeling.
Keywords: fermentation engineering; SAS software; non-linear regression; fermentation kinetics; model
 
Title: Study on the influence factors of ultra high pressure sterilization effect of Chinese wolfberry
Authors: ZHANG Haifeng, BAI Jie, WANG Huanyu, ZHANG Ying
PP: 1724～1730
Abstract: Fresh wolfberry was treated as experimental material under ultra high pressure. Single factor experiments of processing pressure, treating time and temperature and orthogonal design including processing pressure, treating time and temperature were used to study the influence factors of ultra high pressure sterilization effect of Chinese wolfberry. The result showed that the ultra high pressure processing had some sterilization effect to fresh wolfberry. The analysis indicated that within the studied pressure, time and temperature ranges, the sterilization effect was positively correlated with the pressure intensity and the temperature. When the pressure and the temperature were higher, the sterilizing effect was stronger. The sterilization effect was not evidently correlated with the processing time. The sterilization effect was not necessarily increased when the processing time was increased at certain pressure.
Keywords: food processing technology; ultra high pressure; Chinese wolfberry; sterilization
 
Title: Diversification of main carotenoids contents in fructus (Lycium barbarum L.) during three kinds of drying process methods
Authors: LI He, MA Wenping, CHEN Min, YE Liqin, LIANG Yi
PP: 1717～1723
Abstract: In order to provide theoretical reference for the improvement of processing condition, the diversification of main carotenoids contents in the fructus （Lycium barbarum L.） during three kinds of drying process methods was experimentally analyzed. Reversed phased-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was adopted to assay the diversification of main carotenoids, which was caused by three kinds of drying process methods, freezing drying, hot-air drying and natural drying. Results showed that three kinds of drying process methods all caused zeaxanthin and beta-carotene contents in fruits increased. Hot-air drying made zeaxanthin and beta-carotene increase more than freezing drying and natural drying did, zeaxanthin content increased 6.1 times more than that in fresh fruits before drying, and beta-carotene content increased 4.5 times. All drying process methods made zeaxanthin dipalmitate content and total carotenoids content decrease. Hot-air drying made zeaxanthin dipalmitate content and total carotenoids content decrease more than freezing drying and natural drying did, after hot-air drying zeaxanthin dipalmitate content reached to 62.3% and total carotenoids content reached to 64.7%. Freezing drying made zeaxanthin dipalmitate content and total carotenoids content decrease less than hot-air drying and natural drying did, after freezing drying zeaxanthin dipalmitate content reached to 80.1% and total carotenoids content reached to 80.3%. Freezing drying made zeaxanthin dipalmitate content and total carotenoids content which affected on the production appearance decrease less than hot-air drying and natural drying did, after freezing drying Lycium barbarum L.also had a good production appearance.
Keywords: food processing technology; Lycium barbarum L.; high performance liquid chromatography; carotenoid; drying; degradation
 
Title: Plantlet regeneration of Glyptostrobus pensilis (Lamb.) K. Koch from seedling stem
Authors: LI Bo, LI Huogen, WANG Guangping
PP: 1711～1716
Abstract: This paper reported the plantlet regeneration of Glyptostrobus pensilis through organogenesis using stems excised from 60-day-old in vitro seedlings as explants. The optimized protocol for plantlet regeneration of Glyptostrobus pensilis was developed by comparing the effects of media, hormone level, and sucrose concentration on axillary bud induction, elongation, and shoot rooting. The suitable media for axillary bud induction, elongation and shoot rooting were MS+0.1 mg/L Zeatin (ZT)+Vitamin C 5.0 mg/L+sucrose 3%, MS+Vitamin C 5.0 mg/L+sucrose 3%, 1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+Vitamin C 5.0 mg/L+sucrose 1% respectively. The elongated axillary buds were rooted at a rate of 58.8% on half-strength MS medium with 0.5 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in 2 months. Rooted plantlets were successfully transplanted in substrate (peat∶perlite =7∶3) with a 70% survival rate.
Keywords: silviculture; Glyptostrobus pensilis (Lamb.) K. Koch; stem; tissue culture; organogenesis
 
Title: The impact of different regeneration patterns on soil light fraction organic carbon
Authors: ZOU Shuangquan, FAN Guangkuo, YANG Zhijie, HE Zongming, LIN Kaimin, GUO Yushuo
PP: 1704～1710
Abstract: Located observation of the soil light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) contents of forest land was conducted with regard to the different regeneration patterns (non-regeneration, artificial regeneration and natural regeneration) and applied to the old-growth Chinese fir plantation in Nanping, Fujian province. The results showed that the two regeneration methods both led to the decrease in the contents of light fraction (LF), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and the distribution proportions of LFOC. The most significant difference occurred in the surface soil, and artificial regeneration had the most influential effect on the LFOC. Soil LF was mainly accumulated in the surface layer. LF contents in 0～40 cm soil layer of the old-growth Chinese fir plantation, natural regenerated forest and artificial regenerated forest respectively accounted for 90.9%, 89.8% and 86.4% of the total soil layer. LFOC contents in 0～5 cm soil layer of artificial regenerated forest and natural regenerated forest were decreased by 46.08% and 36.13% respectively (P<0.05), and the distributions proportion of LFOC were reduced by 25.98% and 25.05% respectively.
Keywords: forest soil science; different regeneration patterns; light fraction organic carbon; distribution proportion
 
Title: Study on variation of wood anatomy features and their relationships with growth strain in Larix gmelinii (Rupr.)
Authors: LIU Shengquan, BAI Mofei, ZHOU Liang, LIU Qian
PP: 1695～1703
Abstract: In this paper， 4 trees aged 20-year-old of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) from Fangzheng forest station in Gaoleng town, Harbin city of Heilongjiang province were selected as the material. The variation pattern of anatomical features and their relationships with growth strain were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The average tracheid length of Larix gmelinii was 2 125.43 μm, the average tracheid width was 35.06 μm, the average ratio of length to width of wood tracheid was 60.67, the average ratio of cell wall to lumen of wood tracheid was 0.33 and the average microfibril angle of wood tracheid was 27.37°. It belongs to the long fiber, which is suitable for the pulp and paper fiber raw materials. 2) The radial variation pattern of tracheid length belongs to the type of Panshin II. The tracheid width and the ratio of tracheid length to width increased gradually from pith to bark. The ratio of the cell wall to lumen increased from pith outward with fluctuation and the microfibril angle decreased gradually. 3) The inner residual growth strain decreased with the increase of tracheid length, tracheid width and ratio of tracheid length to width, there existed negative correlation (r=0.834 4, 0.761 6, 0.615 8, respectively), except ratio of cell wall to lumen. There existed positive correlation between inner residual growth strain and microfibril angle (r=0.611 0).
Keywords: wood science and technology; Larix gmelinii (Rupr.); anatomical features; inner residual growth strain; variation pattern
 
Title: Screening of introduced new lily cultivars
Authors: XING Dazhou, DIAO Yiwei, WU Shasha, LV Yingmin, ZHANG Qixiang
PP: 1687～1694
Abstract: Introduction is one of important methods to rich lily cultivars. In 38 lily varieties of lily cultivated comparative experiment, wherein the 38 lily varieties include 14 LA lily hybrid varieties and 24 oriental lily hybrid varieties, height growth, size of flower bud, flower diameter and other traits were compared and analyzed to ultimately identify the best six lily cultivars as cut flower to be cultivated in solar greenhouse of Beijing. They were ‘Caldeira’, ‘Crystal Blanca’, ‘Nymph’, ‘Bonsoir’, ‘Eyeliner’ and ‘Red Alert’.
Keywords: landscape plant and horticulture; lily; introduction; cultivar screening
 
Title: Effects of heat shock on polysaccharide and triacylglycerol contents of Bactrocera tau (Walker) adults
Authors: LIU Guojun, LI Xiaozhen, LIU Yinghong
PP: 1681～1686
Abstract: Effects of heat shock ［(42±0.5)℃］ with various durations (5, 15, 30 or 60 minutes daily) for 10 days or 15 days on polysaccharide and triacylglycerol contents of Bactrocera tau (Walker) adults fed on cucumber were determined systematically by biochemical methods. Loss rates of polysaccharide content increased to 2.04%, 2.08%, 5.04% and 5.93% respectively in 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes daily for 15 days and except for the flies in 5 minutes daily, the accumulation of triacylglycerol of Bactrocera tau (Walker) increased responding to the treated durations. The above results suggested that under the heat shock conditions, the utilization of polysaccharides increased, while that of triacylglycerol decreased.
Keywords: agricultural entomology; Bactrocera tau (Walker); heat shock; polysaccharide; triacylglycerol
 
Title: The relationship between photosynthetic pigment and light energy transformation of spring wheat and its mechanism regulated by phosphor under dry conditions
Authors: YU Xianfeng, ZHANG Xucheng, ZHANG Guohong
PP: 1673～1680
Abstract: The effects of interaction between soil moisture and phosphor on photosynthesis, and the relationship between photosynthetic pigments and net photosynthetic rate had been studied by measuring the photosynthetic pigment and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in different growth stages of spring wheat in this potted experiment. The results showed that the leaf chlorophyl content increased as the phosphorus application increased from jointing to flowering stage under different water conditions, but decreased in the filling stage. There was significant positive correlation between photosynthetic rate and leaf chlorophyl content, increasing the phosphorus application is beneficial to increasing leaf chlorophyl content and net photosynthetic rate. The electronic transmission rate (ETR) was highest at high phosphor treatment in heading and flowering stage under the three water conditions, higher than the middle phosphor treatment and the control significantly. The yield of PSⅡ of high and middle phosphor treatment was significantly higher than the control under the wettish and moderate drought conditions. qP of high and middle phosphor treatment was significantly higher than the control under the moderate and severe drought conditions, but there was no significant difference under wettish condition. The phosphorus application can increase ETR, yield and qP significantly, and then ameliorate the efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus.
Keywords: agronomy; interaction between soil moisture and phosphor; photosynthetic pigment; fluorescent characteristics; spring wheat
 
Title: A dynamic knowledge model for yield target and yield components in tomato processing operation
Authors: WANG Jichuan, GAO Shan, MA Fuyu, FENG Shengli
PP: 1664～1672
Abstract: Objective: In order to provide intelligent and digital decision support for tomato processing management, a dynamic knowledge model for design of tomato processing yield target and yield components was developed. Methods: By analyzing and extracting the relationship among yield, yield components, environment, and production technology level, the quantitative mathematical method based on solution of a question was set up. In the model, the effects of climatic conditions, average yield level of last three years, soil fertilities, fertilization and water management levels, production technology level and variety types were considered synthetically. Results: Case studies on the model of target yield design with the data sets of four eco-sites under normal climatic year, soil fertilities, management levels and variety types indicated a good performance of model system in decision-making and applicability. Conclusion: The model can be used to calculate the tomato processing yield target and yield components accurately under different climatic conditions, soil fertilities and cultivation technique levels.
Keywords: crop cultivation and farming system; knowledge model; system analysis; processing tomato; yield target; yield components
 
Title: Regulation of nitrogen, phosphorous and magnesium on SPSA of sugar beet
Authors: CHEN Zhiying, MA Fengming
PP: 1653～1663
Abstract: In pool culture experiments, the quadratic rotation-orthogonal combination design was adopted to study the regulation of four experimental factors, namely NO3-—N, NH4+—N, MgO and P2O5 on SPSA (the activity of the sucrose phosphate synthase) of roots and leaves of sugar beet, in order to supply guidance for obtaining higher sugar content in sugar beet producing and then enhancing economic performance. The results showed that at the root growth stage and the end stage of root growth every single factor was related significantly with SPSA of roots, and in the foliage formation period and the sugar accumulation period there were significantly correlations between single factor and SPSA of leaves. Decreasing the amounts of nitrogen and magnesium made the level of sugar metabolism in roots of later stage increase. At the root growth stage and the end stage of root growth the interactions of these two factors were related significantly with SPSA of roots, and in the foliage formation period and the sugar accumulation period there were significantly correlations between the interactions of these two factors and SPSA of leaves. At the later stage of growth and formation, lower amount of nitrogen and the interaction of higher NH4+—N and MgO made SPSA of roots increase and SPSA of leaves decrease, but in the foliage formation period, lower nitrogen and the interaction of lower NO3-—N and higher MgO made SPSA of leaves increase. And the contribution rates of four factors to the SPSA of roots and leaves at different growth and formation stage were different. The different treatment combinations at the highest SPSA of sugar beet when the effects of four factors were outstanding were also obtained.
Keywords: crop physiology; the activity of the sucrose phosphate synthase; the quadratic rotation-orthogonal combination design; sugar beet; nitrogen; phosphorus; magnesium
 
Title: Study on the mechanism of soil mineral potassium release extracted by low-molecular-weigh organic acids
Authors: WANG Dongsheng
PP: 1647～1652
Abstract: The mechanism of soil mineral potassium release extracted by low-molecular-weigh organic acids was the result of acidic hydrolysis and complexation reaction with soil. Oxalic acid has higher mobilization effect on the soil mineral potassium release than the others. It's because the oxalic acid has powerful capability of acidic hydrolysis and complexation to extract more K from soil. Malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, acetic acid and lactic acid also can effectively promote decomposition of white mica and potassium feldspar, but they are influenced by soil material composition and soil particle surface action, so their mobilization effect on the soil mineral potassium are weaker. The soil potassium release is evidently stepwise under the action of low-molecular-weight organic acids. It can be divided into two steps: fast release step and steady release step. Elovich equation (R2=0.878～0.998) and dual constant equation (R2=0.901～0.987) have good fitting effect, and they can well reflect and predict the soil mineral potassium release process under the action of low-molecular-weight organic acids.
Keywords: soil fertility; low-molecular-weight organic acids; soil mineral potassium; release
 
Title: A new method study on analysis of regional land-use dynamic changes: a case study in Beijing
Authors: MENG Lina, ZHENG Xinqi
PP: 1639～1646
Abstract: On the basis of land-use data, this paper adopted four indexes including single land losing degree, land-use information entropy, general index of land-use and location entropy of land-use, and quantitatively analyzed the dynamic change of land-use from 2000 to 2007 in Beijing. The results showed that: firstly, the single land losing degree and location entropy of land-use, which were introduced in this paper, reflected the regional land-use changes successfully; secondly, the sequence of change extent of land-use was cropland＞industrial and residential areas＞woodland＞water land＞virgin soil＞garden plots＞traffic area＞grassland; thirdly, under the precondition of non-linear variable in time, single land losing degree could describe the rate of land-use change well; fourthly, the land-use information entropy showed a declining trend, which showed that the order degree of land system increased and land-use trend had diversity; and finally, taking the whole country as a higher-level region, the difference of location entropies of land-use in Beijing was large, thereinto the value of location entropies of industrial and residential areas, traffic areas and garden land were maximum, those of cropland and woodland were equal to the average level of the country, and that of grass land was minimum.
Keywords: agricultural engineering; regional land-use; analysis of dynamic change; Beijing
 
Title: Threshold wind velocity of non-uniform sand with bed-sand position relationship expressed by common tangential angle
Authors: PAN Xiying, LI Hui, HUANG Ning
PP: 1633～1638
Abstract: This paper takes the angles between the internal common tangents of initiating particle to its windward sand particles and wind speed and direction as parameters to present shielding effect of windward sand particles and takes the angles between the internal common tangents of initiating particle to its leeward sand particles and wind speed and direction as parameters to present intercepting effects of leeward sand particles. The paper also introduces these two parameters to present hiding-exposing action of bed particle to initiating particle. Then force analysis of initiating particle is carried out, and the initial conditions for starting are given, the expression which gives the relation between wind velocity and initiating particle diameters of non-uniform sand is determined. Then, according to the coefficients determined by experimental data, the threshold wind velocity of each size fraction is calculated. The correlative coefficient between the calculated results and the experimental data is 0.941 1, which suggests that the calculation model in this paper is reasonable.
Keywords: soil and water conservation; common tangential angle; threshold wind velocity; non-uniform sand; hiding-exposing action
 
Title: Preliminary research on purification and characterization of membrane binding NAD(P) H-dependent ferric reductase from maize shoots
Authors: LI Wenxue, YANG Rongxin, ZHANG Fusuo
PP: 1628～1632
Abstract: In this experiment, the characteristics of the membrane binding ferric reductase in maize shoots are primarily explored by DEAE-cellulose anion exchange chromatography and SP-sepharose FF cation exchange chromatography. Results show that the optimum catalyzing pH is 6.0, with optimum temperature in the range between 30～40℃, and the enzyme is extraordinarily sensitive to temperature, the enzyme activity significantly decreases when it is kept exceeding 40℃ for 15 min. These characterizations are obviously different from soluble ferric reductase.
Keywords: plant nutrition; maize; membrane binding ferric reductase; DEAE-cellulose anion exchange chromatography; SP-sepharose FF cation exchange chromatography
 
Title: Study on effects of culture conditions on the synthesis of microbial flocculants
Authors: LUO Defang, SHAO Xiaohou
PP: 1623～1627
Abstract: There are two kinds of flocculants used in water treatment at present, namely inorganic and organic flocculant. But the cost is high, and the sludge is intractable. So it's necessary to develop a new flocculant. Microbial flocculant is the metabolic product with flocculating activity produced by micro-organisms. It is biodegradable and easy to operate, and can be synthesized at high rate. Its degradation products are harmless to the nature. So it attracts more and more attention from researchers. But the high cost of culture medium has become a major factor to restrict the development of microbial flocculant. In this paper, the development status and application progress of culture medium were summarized, the effects of culture conditions such as carbon and nitrogen source, initial pH values, ions, ventilation conditions, and so forth on the synthesis of microbial flocculants were presented, and the development of cheap culture medium was discussed. Some suggestions concerning the future research on microbial flocculant were presented.
Keywords: agromicrobiology; water treatment; review; microbial flocculant