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ISSN 1674-2850
CN 11-9150/N5
 
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May 15,2009
Volume 2,Issue 9
Pages 882-999
Subject Area:Coalgeology,Hydrology,Experimental Geology, Engineering Geology,Exploration Geophysics,Geography,Human Geography (including Regional Grography, Tourism Geography, other Subjects),Cartography,Geotectonics,Element Geochemistry,Geochemistry
 
Title: The characteristics of marine transgression event and mechanism of coal formation
Authors: LI Zengxue, HAN Meilian, LIU Ying, LV Dawei
PP: 995~999
Abstract: In order to find out the mechanism of the coal formation, especially the characteristics of the coal formation in events, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the depositional sequence of the coal bed and its top and under layers, the causality between the transgressive deposition and the coal bed, and the developing characteristics of the event interfaces in the coal bearing deposition using the theory and means of the coal-geology, the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and the event sedimentology. Studies showed that there were two typical combinations of the facies in the filling sedimentary sequence of the epicontinental basin, wherein one was the depositional diastem developed between the facies, which was a discontinuous combination of the depositional facies with continuous time sequence, namely the exposed sediments, the tidal flat swamp and the peat swamp, and the shallow marine sediments appeared from bottom to top; and the other was the continuous sequence with gradually evolved sedimentary environment, in which it was a continuous process that the tidal flat swamp turned gradually into the peat swamp. So the conclusion was drown that the exposed sediments represented a kind of denudation or depositional break, however the sedimentary sequences of marine transgression were missing between the swamp and the transgressive sediments. There was a famine deposit or non-deposit surface between them. In fact, the regressive sequence resulted from the expansion of the sea water toward the land was missing. This kind of sequence indicated the mutation of sedimentary environment of the epicontinental sea basin.
Keywords: general survey and exploration of minerals; coal formation in events; exposed sediments; transgressive depositional sequence
 
Title: Application of European real-time flood forecasting Operational system in the Yellow River
Authors: TAO Xin, YAN Yiqi,, WANG Chunqing, SHI Yupin
PP: 988~994
Abstract: The European real-time flood forecasting operational system (EFFORTS) developed by ProGeA Srl of Italy is an operational package for environmental data monitoring and flood forecasting. It works in a completely automatic manner (in which the data acquisition and data processing are carried out in a fully automatic way) without the need of user intervention. The user only supervises and monitors the physical evolution of the system under observation. After user interface was localized, data pre-processing software was developed and GIS layers of Xiao-Hua region (from Xiaolangdi reservoir to Huayuankou hydrology station) were established. The EFFORTS was applied as a real-time flood forecasting operating system to the Xiao-Hua region. It enriched the Yellow River flood forecasting technology. This paper introduces the main functions and structure of EFFORTS and its application in the Yellow River basin.
Keywords: hydrology; real-time; flood; job forecast system; the Yellow River
 
Title: Integrated landuse suitability evaluation based on the “economic-ecology” tendency analysis
Authors: ZHENG Bin, , HUANG Lina, LIU Yaolin, HUANG Guian
PP: 981~987
Abstract: This paper introduced the method for combining the techniques of both general ecological appraisal and spatial ecological appraisal with the case study on Jiangxia district of Wuhan city. The research used “ecological footprint analysis” to evaluate the quantity and the consumption of the total regional ecological resources, and then proposed strategy for the later appraisal. On basis of the spatial ecological appraisal, the research adopted multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) models and (geographic information system, GIS) techniques to appraise the ecological suitability of different landuses on the spatial viewpoint. The selection of models was according to the proposed strategy. At last advice was given in a landuse suitability map.
Keywords: ecological economics; ecological appraisal; appraisal model; environmental effect; geographic information ystem
 
Title: Rock mass sound wave test and result analysis
Authors: ZHANG Zelin, LIU Gao
PP: 975~980
Abstract: Acousitic detection is a geophysical prospecting method for studying characteristics and integrity of rock mass via detecting sound wave transmission characteristics in the rock mass. Based on the sound wave test of the rock mass of a certain place, the paper adopts dry-type single-hole one-shot double-reception rock mass sound wave test method to carry out field test and obtain data for theoretical analysis. The paper takes the rock mass sound wave test of the place as example, analyzes the crevasse coefficient, integrity coefficient and weathering coefficient, divides weathered zones, and evaluates the rock mass quality. The results showed that the rock mass had high quality with mechanical property of Ⅲ category or above, or it belonged to Ⅱ engineering rock mass, namely presently excavated foundation plane was capable of meeting the building demand of double-curvature thin-arch dam.
Keywords: geology engineering; sound wave test; vertical velocity; rock mass quality; integrity coefficient; crevasse coefficient
 
Title: The second generation wavelet and its application in the gravity field separation
Authors: WU Xiaoyang, LIU Tianyou, YIN Zhengwu, CHEN Gao
PP: 970~974
Abstract: The algorithm of the first generation wavelet is based on Fourier transform. It requires equally spaced data and has boundary oscillation. The second generation wavelet transform is based on the lifting scheme which is more efficient than the Mallat algorithm. This paper introduces the basic theory and characteristics of the second generation wavelet. It consists of split, predict and update. Based on the 1∶200 000 gravity data of Dabashan, the second-generation wavelet multi-scale decomposition was employed to separate the gravity anomalies field and invert the depth of the Precambrian fold basement. The power spectral analysis result showed that fifth-order wavelet detail denoted Precambrian fold basement and Chengkou-Shiping-north of Wenfeng was the center of the fold basement depression.
Keywords: exploration geophysics; the second generation wavelet; the lifting scheme; fold basement; gravity field
 
Title: Busline query system of Hefei University of Technology based on ArcIMS
Authors: YU Huiqiang, REN Shenglian, ZHANG Juntang
PP: 966~969
Abstract: In order to facilitate searching of bus numbers, schedules and stations of the school buses, the IIS produced by Microsoft was used as a Web server and the ArcIMS produced by ESRI was used as a map server to develop the busline query system of Hefei University of Technology with N-Tier distributed system structure based on the B/S mode. The system realizes combination of the information of the bus schedules, the stations and the bus lines, and provides the bus information to the user by use of diagram text. The user can get the schedule of the bus line via many modes, and get the results which are highlighted.
Keywords: cartography technologies; geographical information system; busline query; ArcIMS; ActiveX Connecter
 
Title: Research on the current problems and strategies of the small town development in Kaifeng city
Authors: GUO Xiuli, HOU Min
PP: 961~965
Abstract: Small town construction of Kaifeng city has many problems including small scale, high density, lack of urban characteristics, insufficient funding, unbalanced planning and management, and waste of land resources. The paper proposed corresponding strategies for scientifically and rationally planning the towns, reforming investment mechanism, building urban characteristics, strengthening urban construction management, improving planning and management system, and so on to develop medium and small towns energetically, cultivate new-developing towns, improve urban function system, optimize the structure of urban system, explore new mode and new solution of small town development actively, harmonize development of large, medium and small cities, improve overall city quality comprehensively, and enhance city element collection and economic radiation ability. The strategies drove urban economic and social development coordinately by strengthening center towns’ status, thereby making the small towns of Kaifeng play a major role in the Chinese urbanization advancement.
Keywords: geography; Kaifeng city; small town development; problems; strategies
 
Title: Research on retrieval model of soil heavy metal content using organic matter identification index
Authors: JIANG Jianjun, HE Junliang
PP: 956~960
Abstract: The retrieval model of the heavy metal content using quantitative spectrometric analysis provides a new approach to evaluate heavy metal contamination of soil. This paper takes paddy soil in Kunshan as study object. Based on the absorption regularity of heavy metal and by use of regression analysis, this paper uses the organic matter identification index (OII) to make a model for estimating the content of heavy metal in the soil. The result of the correlation analysis showed that the Cu and Pb were the most sensitive elements to the organic matter content, and the next were As, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr and Hg. However, the accuracy of the retrieval model was unsatisfactory. To a certain extent, it is feasible to use spectrum characteristic of soil organic matter to estimate the content of heavy metals, but the practicability of this method needs further verification.
Keywords: remote sensing; soil; heavy metal; organic matter; hyperspectral; organic matter identification index
 
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Title: Analysis of space structure evolution of residential land price in Suzhou city
Authors: ZHANG Tao, GE Xiaoping, HUANG Bi
PP: 943~949
Abstract: Urban land price is a multidimensional concept with the spatio-temporal property, which has strong correlation and particularity in time and space distribution. Taking the residential land price of the downtown area as study object, with the GIS technology and Geostatistics, the paper got the distribution information of land price based on the residential land price database of Suzhou city from 1999 to 2003. The paper built digital residential land price model (DLPM) of 1999, 2001 and 2003, supported by spatial interpolation methods such as Kriging. By means of the DLPM, this paper analyzed the space structure and its evolution.
Keywords: geographical information system; spatial structure of urban land price; digital land price model; spatial evolution; exploratory spatial data analysis
 
Title: 40Ar/39Ar ages of detrital white mica constraining the Cenozoic development of the Qaidam Basin, China, and its geological implications
Authors: LIU Yongjiang, RIESER A B,GENSER J,NEUBAUER F,YUAN Sihua,, GE Xiaohong
PP: 936~942
Abstract: 40Ar/39Ar dating of detrital white mica from Cenozoic sediments from the Qaidam Basin in western China yielded several age groups, including: 1) 350~450 Ma, 2) 220~280 Ma, 3) 122~140 Ma, and 4) ~500 Ma. The first group was the most common and dominant in the analyzed samples. It could be concluded that the main source regions of the detrital mica in the western Qaidam Basin were Altyn Mountains and Qimantagh-Kunlun Mountains. The Early Paleozoic ages (ca. 500 Ma) were documented so far only in the Hongliugou-Lapeiquan at the north side of the Altyn Tagh fault. This suggested late or slow continuous uplift of the southern Altyn Range. Because of long distance sinistral slip along the Altyn Tagh fault, the source area was transferred, and more geologic bodies of the same age were mis-shifted further westward. The age group of 220~280 Ma was documented only in the sediments of the northern basin margin other than the western area. This age group indicated re-denudated products of Permian–Triassic sedimentary cover of the Altyn Mountains or Permian–Triassic granite bodies that possibly originated in the Qilian Mountains.
Keywords: tectonics; 40Ar/39Ar geochronology; Qaidam Basin; Altyn Mountain; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; denudation
 
Title: Geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements of paleokarst-reservoirs in Huanglong formation in the eastern Sichuan-northern Chongqing area
Authors: HU Zhonggui, ZHENG Rongcai, HU Jiuzhen
PP: 927~935
Abstract: The carbonatite paleokarst rock series of Huanglong formation of upper carboniferous is one of the most important natural gas reservoirs in Linshui of eastern Sichuan-northern Chongqing area. Based on the structural features of karst rocks, the Huanglong formation’s karst rock series is divided into 4 types including slight corrosion karst rock, medium corrosion and porous karst rocks, strong corrosion-brecciated karst rocks and strong corrosion and alternation of secondary grey-karst rocks. Moreover, two types of cements of limnic-calcite and limnic-dolomite, and hydrothermal dolomite of reburial period are included in the karst rocks. By the synthetic analysis of geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements, the conclusion was indicated that karst rocks and their cements with different rock textures, components and corrosion strengths had obviously various REE geochemistry characteristics. According to the studies mentioned above, it is defined that the removing,distributing patterns, enriching regularity and abnormal effect of the REE is not only used to distinguish fluid property and paleo-hydrologic condition, but also evaluate and forecast paleokarst rock reservoirs.
Keywords: geochemistry; eastern Sichuan-northern Chongqing area; Huanglong formation of carboniferous; paleokarst; rare earth elements
 
Title: Chemical feature and tectonic significance of the Beilekuduke aluminous A-type granite in Kalamaili area, East Junggar
Authors: YANG Gaoxue, LI Yongjun, SI Guohui, WU Hongen, ZHANG Yongzhi, JIN Zhao
PP: 920~926
Abstract: The research area is a tin metallogenic belt in Kalamaili region, East Junggar, Xinjiang, which is distributed with many types of granites, wherein the Beilekuduke biotite granites there have been perceived as S-type for a long period. The preliminary research showed that the biotite granites were actually typical aluminous A-type granites obviously different from the typical I-type and S-type characterized by high silicon content, low aluminum content, depleted calcium and magnesium, abundant alkali, and high FeOt/MgO. The biotite granites were not directly derived from depleted mantle, but were probably the products of partial melting and crystallization differentiation of deep-buried young crustal materials derived from the mantle. Trace elements in granite tectonic discriminant diagram showed that they were a kind of post-collisional granite, symbolizing the end of orogenesis and the beginning of plate tectonic evolution of the Late Carboniferous Kalamaili district.
Keywords: geochemistry; aluminous A-type granite; geology significance; Beilekuduke; East Junggar
 
Title: Research on oxygen-containing functional groups of low rank coal surface
Authors: ZHENG Zhong, ZENG Fangui, WANG Chuange
PP: 912~919
Abstract: To study the characteristics of oxygen-containing functional groups (OFG) of low rank coal surface and study coal surface oxidation process, proximate analysis, element analysis and XPS were carried out on 13 coal samples from 3 mines. Statistical analysis was applied to study the coal structure characteristics, while peak deconvolution and correlation analysis methods were used to deal with the XPS spectrum data. The result showed that Krevelen empirical formula was not suitable for the calculation of aromatic-carbon ratio fa of low rank coal, and the O/C decreased with the Cdaf content increase. It also showed that the dominant form of the OFG was C—O, and C=O and COO— were less. The OFG content had no direct relation with the bulk O/C atom ratio, but had certain correlation with the surface O/C atom ratio. The results indicated that the oxidation process of coal surface should follow this path: CC—OC=OCOOgas.
Keywords: geochemistry;coal chemistry; oxygen-containing functional groups; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; low rank coal
 
Title: An overview on the maturity indicators of organic matter
Authors: WANG Yang
PP: 900~911
Abstract: There are three categories of maturity indicators of organic matter in current petroleum industry to evaluate the degree of thermal evolution for source rocks, including: 1) optical indicators, i.e., vitrinite reflectance (Ro), bitumen reflectance (Rb), sporopollen color and thermal alteration index (TAI), conodont color alteration index (CAI), and reflectance of fossil fragments; 2) chemical indicators, i.e., the maximum temperature in pyrolysis of organic matter (Tmax), methyl phenanthrene indicator (MPI), the atomic ratio of H/C, carbon isotope indicator, and biomarker indicators; 3) indicators of spectroscopy, i.e., the free radical concentration of kerogen, the average structural scale of aromatic nucleus of kerogen, and the laser-Raman spectrum of organic carbon. After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each indicator, it was pointed out that the average structural scale of aromatic nucleus of kerogen and the laser-Raman spectrum of organic carbon were the most effective indicators for evaluating the maturity degree of highly-evolved organic matters, because spectroscopy methods could detect the structural changes of organic carbon directly.
Keywords: geochemistry; maturity indicators of organic matter; review; degree of thermal evolution; vitrinite reflectance; laser-Raman spectrum of organic carbon
 
Title: 2.5-D transient electromagnetic forward modeling with block linear conductivity
Authors: XIONG Bin
PP: 893~899
Abstract: This paper presented a 2 5-D finite-element transient electromagnetic forward modeling method with block linear conductivity. The Maxwell equations were firstly transformed into the Laplace and Fourier domains to obtain second-order coupled differential equations. The Galerkin method was used to derive the finite-element equations from the coupled differential equations, thereby obtaining the 2 5-D finite-element transient electromagnetic solutions. The conductivity parameter variation in the finite-element unit mesh was not uniform but bilinear. In addition, the total electromagnetic field was separated into a background field and a secondary field. The background field was solved by use of analytical method and the secondary field was computed by use of numerical method. Finally, the TEM 2.5-D responses of several typical geoelectric models were presented.
Keywords: geodetection and information technology;transient electromagnetic method; 2 5-D forward; finite element method; block linear conductivity
 
Title: Application of seismic attribute technique in coal seismic survey
Authors: CUI Ruofei, QIAN Jin, GAO Ji, CUI Dawei
PP: 882~892
Abstract: Properties of the seismic attribute technique in coal seismic survey are introduced. Extracting methods of both event and data cube attributes are explained. In coal seismic surveys, interpreters can understand subsurface structure, stratigraphy and lithology by use of seismic attribute information. Seismic attribute technique is an important means in coal production. Some application examples are given in this paper,which illusteate that the seismic attribute technique is important and feasible in coal seismic exploration.
Keywords: geodetection and information technology; seismic survey; seismic attribute; structure; lithology