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April 15,2009
Volume 2,Issue 7
Pages 656-767
Subject Area:Botany,Applied Biochemistry,Animal Reproductive Biology,Developmental Neurobiology

Title: Theoretical study of interaction of 2, 6-dithiopurine with Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ metal cations

Authors: XING Lijuan, WANG Haijun
PP: 761～767
Abstract: The structures of metal-DTP complexes containing some of the first and second group metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) were determined by the density functional method using the B3LYP functional and the 6-311++G(d, p) basis set. The data support the experimental findings that the studied metal cations will form bicoordination complexes with 2, 6-dithiopurine(DTP). The energetically favored interaction sites for monovalent metal cations were found to be the N3 and S2 positions of the DTP, while divalent metal cations interacted through the N7 and S6 sites of DTP in the gas phase. Generally, the nature of interaction of monovalent metal cations with DTP in the water solution was found to be similar to that in the gas phase. However, divalent metal cutions containing complexes were found to be stabilized significantly in the water solution. Consequently, several complexes were found to be present in the water solution. The monovalent cations were found to have an insignificant effect on different NH and CS stretching vibrational frequencies while divalent cations produced a significant shift as compared to that in the 2, 6-dithiopurine.
Keywords: computational chemistry；2, 6-dithiopurine; metal cations; basis set superposition error; AIM analysis

Title: Effect of adsorption conditions on the performance of hydroxypropyl chitosan for scavenging Cr(Ⅵ)

Authors: YANG Jinqing, YE Shengquan, DUAN Lihong, WANG Zhaomei, GUO Siyuan
PP: 757～760
Abstract: In this paper, adsorption behavior of hydroxypropyl chitosan towards Cr(Ⅵ) was studied. The effects of various factors, such as pH value, reaction time, temperature, initial concentration, and ion concentration on the adsorption performance were discussed. The results showed that pH was one of the main factors for adsorbing Cr(Ⅵ). When pH was 5 and the initial Cr(Ⅵ) concentration was 15 mg/L, a satisfactory adsorption capacity was achieved by using 1%(g/mL) hydroxypropyl chitosan to adsorbe for 2 h at about 20℃, and it was found that ion concentration of the system had some effects on adsorption properties of the hydroxypropyl chitosan.
Keywords: environmental chemical engineering； hydroxypropyl chitosan; Cr(Ⅵ); adsorption

Title: Body mass index cut-off point theory for college students in China

Authors: ZHU Bin
PP: 752～756
Abstract: By statistically analyzing the height-weight indexes of 8 889 college students in a physical health test, this paper got results showing that: 1) The numbers of college students with different height-weight grades are evidently distributed in a skewed distribution; 2) The distribution range of the body mass index (BMI) of the college students with different height-weight grades is large, and the BMI values among the students with the different grades intersect seriously. Combining the latest BMI grading standard published by WHO, the paper proposes to use BMI in the college students’ body morphology evaluation and to adopt 17, 18.5, 23 and 25 kg/m2 as the college students’ BMI cut-off points for further improving the physical health standard of the college students.
Keywords: sport hygiene; college students; body mass index; cut-off point; physical health

Title: Research on the influence of Special Olympic Games on the range of attention of the mentally retarded adults

Authors: ZHANG Jiancheng, WU Xueping
PP: 747～751
Abstract: Special Olympics offer children and adults with intellectual disabilities year-round training and competition, in order to make the intellectual disabilities person have the opportunity to become useful to society, drive society approve and respect of citizen. Through using the method of experimental method, this paper focuses on the influence of Special Olympic Games on the range of attention of the mentally retarded adults with low and medium level. The outcome of Research demonstrates that with a certain time and amount of exercises, the mentally retarded adults get full effective exercises of range of attention a when coping with the complicated actions or scenes. The exercises of inclusive actions and skills can better promote the improvement of the mentally retarded adults' range of attention.
Keywords: sports psychology；mentally retarded adults; Special Olympic Games; range of attention; skill

Title: Peripheral and central mechanism of delayed onset muscle soreness and treatment strategies

Authors: ZHANG Xuelin，WANG Ruiyuan
PP: 734～746
Abstract: It has been well known that eccentric exercise leads to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The exact mechanism and treatment strategies remain uncertain, but it has been generally accepted that inflammation and free radical induced DOMS, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antioxidants were used for the treatment. However, recent study suggests that DOMS is induced by many factors, and two ways mediate DOMS, where in one way mediates pain via nociceptors served by GpⅢ—GpⅣ afferent fibers, which is peripheral mechanism, and the other way mediates pain via mechanoreceptors served by GpⅠ—GpⅡafferent fibers, which is central mechanism. Researches indicate that exercise-induced inflammation and reactive oxygen species are of benefit to adaptive effects of skeletal muscle. This means that treatment strategies of DOMS will be changed. Therefore, the paper summarizes recent advances in the research of the mechanism of DOMS and corresponding treatment strategies.
Keywords: exercise physiology; delayed onset muscle soreness; review; eccentric exercise

Title: The effects of different exercise intensities and modes on kidney apoptosis

Authors: ZOU Qiuying， LIU Xiangmei
PP: 726～733
Abstract: This paper summarizes the kidney apoptosis caused by exercise and its mechanism and common interference means. Exercise with appropriate intensity commonly protects the kidney, but exhausting exercise with high intensity can induce kidney apoptosis as well as produce albuminuria, and directly cause cytoclasis if the load is too high. The apoptosis mechanism is related with ischemia and oxygen lack in the kidney tissues during the exercise. In the cells, free radicals increase, Ca2+ becomes unbalanced, cytochrome C is released, NO is generated in a great quantity, and apoptosis promoting gene (P53 and Bax) expression increases, thereby causing the apoptosis. At the present time, in order to reduce apoptosis, this paper usually modulates the intensities and modes of exercise, and uses antioxidants such as melatonin and belladonna. The research is useful for disclosing the relationship between the apoptosis and the tiredness, providing scientific theory basis for exercise training, and preventing and curing kidney damages.
Keywords: science of human exercise; kidney apoptosis; review; exercise

Title: The ant genus Messor Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from China, with description of two new species from desert region

Authors: SONG Lingying, HE Dahan
PP: 720～725
Abstract: The paper studies systematical classification of the ant genus Messor Forel， twelve of which have been known in China, including two new species collected from Inner Mongolia desert，namely Messor desertus sp.nov. and Messor minusculus sp.nov. The diagnosis characters, constitution of known species in China, geographical distribution, and key to species of the genus are provided. It also describes the two new species in detail and differences between the new species and similar species.
Keywords: entomology; Hymenoptera; Formicidae; Messor Forel; new species; China

Title: Species diversity of wetland vegetation in Hejin Section, Fen River watershed, Shanxi

Authors: WU Yilun, SUN Hui, ZHAO Mingyue, ZHANG Ting, LIU Huanhuan, ZHANG Feng
PP: 714～719
Abstract: Based on the investigation from the field, the 43 plots of the plant communities from the wetland vegetation in Hejin Section, Fen River watershed, Shanxi were divided into 7 Associations by using TWINSPAN. The species diversity of the 7 Associations was analyzed by richness index(Ro), Simpson index(λ), Shannon-Weiner index(H′) and evenness index(E1 and E2), respectively. The results showed that whether the difference of the diversity index among those associations was significant or not by ANOVA. The reasons for the significant differences between Association 1, Association 3 and Association 5 were that some dominant populations had competitive ability than some others so that the richness index of Association 1 relatively low; the significant differences among Association 1, and Association 3, Association 4, Association 6 were because that species in Association 1 were less so that the diversity index was lower. The heterogeneity among all associations led to the different types and structures of the communities.
Keywords: ecology; richness index; species diversity index; evenness index; wetland vegetation; Hejin Section of Fen River

Title: The method to improve the seed yield of Leymus chinensis, a perennial rhizomatous herbage

Authors: WANG Junfeng, MU Chunsheng, GAO Song, ZHANG Jitao, YU Hui
PP: 707～713
Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to put forward an effective method controlling the water and nitrogen to improve the seed yield. The experimental design of Nitrogen application was a randomized complete block design with a split plot. Experiments were conducted in four successive years from 2005 to 2008. The results showed that the heading percentage (HP) and the number of reproductive shoot per m2 (NRSS) were influenced by main factor year (Y) only; and a close correlation existed between the rainfall of post-fruit stage in last growing season and NRSS, which increased by 3.5 times when rainfall increased by 0.4 times. By contrast with the CK, the SSP, AGS and TGW had increased significantly when higher level N was applied at early booting stage (P<0.05). Among yield components, the contribution of NRS to SY is the most, AGS is the mediate, and TGW is the least. The NRS is key limiting component to improve the seed yield. These suggest that the yield components were determined by two critical stages, which are post-fruit stage in the last year and pre-booting stage in the heading year. Aiming to improve the seed yield, we should adopt methods of watering or applying N at post-fruit stage in the last growing season firstly, and then applying N or watering at early booting stage in the heading year.
Keywords: grassland science; Leymus chinensis; nitrogen application time and level; annual rainfall; yield components; seed yield

Title: Effects of magnesium on the preservation of carnation cut flowers

Authors: WANG Haiying, ZHANG Qiang， NI Jiyong， SUN Jingjing
PP: 698～706
Abstract: This experiment used carnation cut flowers as plant materials and compared effects of two kinds of Magnesium salts (MgCl2 and MgSO4) on the appearance indexes including fresh weight, vase life and maximum diameter together with the physiology indexes including absorbent water weight, transpired water weight, soluble protein weight, soluble sugar weight, cyanine concentration, conductive permeability and SOD activity. The results showed that the treatment of 100 mg/L MgCl2 and 100 mg/L MgSO4 could promote the fresh weight increase and the maximum diameter effectively, and these two kinds of salts could lengthen the ornamental lives of the carnation cut flowers 6 days longer than the distilled water controls did separately. On the other hand, compared with the controls, the 100 mg/L MgCl2 and 100 mg/L MgSO4 inhibited the increase of the protoplasmic membrane penetrability of the flower petal as well as reduce of the degradations of the soluble protein and cyanine. Meanwhile, an increase of the SOD activity was observed in the treated carnation cut flowers.
Keywords: botany; Dianthus caryophyllus L.; antistaling agent; magnesium salts; appearance index; physiological index

Title: Nitrogen and phosphorous accumulation of Potamogeton crispus L. in eutrophicated urban landscape river in winter

Authors: SHEN Jia, SHI Cong, XU Wen, SHI Fuchen
PP: 693～697
Abstract: This article sampled from a typical urban landscape river named Jinhe River in Tianjin city and then investigated three reaches with different riverside environments in winter. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in leaves, stems, rhizomes and roots of Potamogeton crispus L. were measured because P. crispus was the dominant hydrophyte growing in the Jinhe River at comparatively low temperature. Water quality factors including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N), permanganate index (CODMn), and chlorophyll (a) (chla) of these reaches were studied. The influence of the water quality on nitrogen and phosphorus contents in P. crispus tissues was analyzed too. The results showed that the water quality of the Jinhe River had spatial heterogeneity. TN, TP, NH3-N and CODMn of Youyilu bridge reach were obviously higher than those of Changjiangdao bridge and Jinning bridge reaches. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the grass tissues especially in leaves growing at different reaches had marked differentia. Nitrogen content in leaves and stems was positively correlated to TN and NH3-N of the water. Phosphorus content in tissues was not well correlated with TP content in the water and it was affected by CODMn of the water instead. Exorbitant CODMn restrained phosphorus accumulation of P. crispus. Organs especially leaves with huge biomass of P. crispus can accumulate nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophicated water greatly at low temperature. P. crispus was a perfect hydrophyte which can purify urban landscape river in winter and early spring.
Keywords: botany; Potamogeton crispus L.; nitrogen; phosphorus; CODMn

Title: Co-microwave-ultrasonic extraction of chlorogenic acid and its bacteriostatic effect

Authors: XU Yuecheng, LI Zhengguo, DENG Wei, YANG Yingwu
PP: 687～692
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to select a better method for extracting chlorogenic acid from honeysuckle-flowers and to test bacteriostatic effect of the chlorogenic acid. The result showed that co-microwave-ultrasonic extraction(MUE) was the best method. The bacteriostatic effect test of the chlorogenic acid showed that the chlorogenic acid was more effective to Gram negative bacteria than to Gram positive bacteria and it had the same effect to the Gram negative bacteria as that of Kanamycin (0.1 g/L). The minimum inhibit concentration of the chlorogenic acid to Shigella or Salmonella was 0.125 g/L.
Keywords: microbial and biochemical pharmacology; honeysuckle-flowers; chlorogenic acid; co-microwave-ultrasonic extraction; bacteriostatic effect

Title: Functional analysis of a putative G-protein coupled receptor in Magnaporthe grisea

Authors: FANG Kunhai, YI Yunping, ZHENG Wenhui, CHEN Xin, LIU Wende, LU Guodong, XU Jinrong, WANG Zonghua
PP: 682～686
Abstract: This study applied bioinformatics and molecular genetics approaches to study the function of a putative GPCR gene Mgg_05072.5 in Magnaporthe grisea. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the gene encodes a protein with seven transmembrance domains. A constant increase of conidiation was observed in gene knock-out mutant ΔMgg_05072-2 when compared to wild-type strain. However, the mutant was not affected in growth rate and pathogenicity. The results will facilitate further characterization of GPCR function in the fungal growth, development and pathogenesis.
Keywords: microbial genetics; Magnaporthe grisea; G-protein coupled receptors; gene knock-out; bioinformatics

Title: Screening and characterization of cellulose-producing Aspergillus fumigatus NX1-1

Authors: ZHANG Ruiyong, XIA Jinlan, ZHANG Qian, PENG Juanhua, ZHANG Chenggui, XIONG Jing, WU Shun, JIN Decai
PP: 674～681
Abstract: A cellulose-producing strain named NX1-1 was isolated from environmental samples collected from hot springs of Ningxiang County, Hunan Province, China. The optimum temperature for growth was 40℃ and the optimum pH was 5.0～8.0. The cell shape suggested that strain NX1-1 was likely a strain of Aspergillus fumigatus. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis based on ITS rDNA and 28 S rDNA D1/D2 sequences showed that the strain NX1-1 should be classified into the species Aspergillus fumigatus. The most suitable conditions for the cellulose production were: inorganic nitrogen source (NH4)2SO4, 10% of inoculation, 40℃, initial pH6.0, culturing for 60～96 h.
Keywords: isolation and identification; phylogenetic analysis; Aspergillus fumigatus; cellulose; fementation condition

Title: Sodium deoxycholate-improved enzymolysis and identification of proteins

Authors: LIN Yong, ZHOU Jian, BI Deng, CHEN Ping, WANG Xianchun, LIANG Songping
PP: 669～673
Abstract: In this paper, sodium deoxycholate (SDC), a trypsin and mass spectrometry-compatible denaturant, was used in the solubilization and identification of proteins. Evaluation of trypsin activities in the presence of different SDC concentrations indicated that the activity of trypsin was not affected obviously by SDC at concentration of 1%, and still remained 70% even the concentration of SDC was increased to 10%. Comparative studies showed that myoglobin was efficiently enzymatic hydrolyzed in 1% SDC within a short incubation period (30 min), whereas the myoglobin in NH4HCO3 and urea solutions was not significantly changed under the same conditions. The protein identification experiments using standard protein mixtures digested under different conditions demonstrated that 1% SDC could significantly improve the efficiency of protein identification. Being an acid insoluble denaturant, SDC could be removed by centrifugation after acidification, thereby making no interference with the subsequent mass spectrometric analysis.
Keywords: biochemistry and molecular biology; denaturant; sodium deoxycholate; enzyme activity; protein; solubility; identification

Title: Effect of androgenic gland extract on sexual characters and RNAi of an androgenic gland hormone like protein in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Authors: MA Wenming, CHEN Su, ZHOU Rong, YANG Weijun
PP: 663～668
Abstract: In this study, androgenic gland extract and recombinant androgenic gland hormone like protein (rMAL) of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, were injected to mature females. The ovary development of androgenic gland extract injected females was obviously delayed. There were a lot of membranes instead of oocytes in the ovaries. The females with injected rMAL had no change in ovary development. At the same time, the dsRNA of androgenic gland hormone like protein gene (MAL) was synthesized and injected to mature male shrimps. The injection caused a distinct decrease in target gene expression level in ampullae, but no exterior appearance change of male reproductive system was observed. In summary, the results from the protein biological analysis and RNA interference experiments had well demonstrated a feasible and convenient method for further study.
Keywords: biochemistry and molecule biology; Macrobrachium rosenbergii; androgenic gland hormone; protein injection; RNA interference

Title: Migration of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons induced by netrin-1

Authors: YUAN Lin, WANG Junjie, GUO Yuguang, ZHANG Kui, WANG Xingzhi, ZHU Xiaojuan
PP: 656～662
Abstract: Objective: To set up a research model for neuron guidance and to identify the function of netrin-1. Methods: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was treated as a model to investigate the role of netrin-1 in migration of GnRH neuron. Results: More NLT cells migrated to netrin-1 with high concentration, and the migration length was longer. 68% of NLT migrated into proximal quadrant and 32% of NLT migrated into distal quadrant; and the migration lengths of the proximal quadrant and distal quadrant were respectively 64% and 36%. Conclusion: It identified that netrin-1 guided GnRH neuron migration in vitro and it will be useful for further study of the function and molecular mechanism of netrin-1 in the nervous system.
Keywords: developmental neurobiology; netrin-1; NLT cell; neuron guidance; cell aggregates; collagen gel

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