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November 15,2016
Volume 9,Issue 21
Pages -
Subject Area:Agricultural Engineering,Horticulture,Crop Physiology,Ecology,Cell Biology,Biomechanics (including Biological Fluid Mechanics and Biorheology, etc.)

Title: Effect of Pannax notoginseng saponins on oxidative stress induced by PCV-2 infection in RAW264.7 cells

Authors: YIN Dan, HAO Zhubing, WEI Yingyi, YANG Jian, HU Tingjun
PP: 2265-2272
Abstract: The objective of the current study is to investigate the effects of Pannax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on oxidative stress induced by PCV-2 infection in RAW264.7 cells. Vitamin C (Vc, 200 μmol/L) was used as controlled drugs, PCV-2 infected RAW264.7 cells were treated with PNS (50, 100, 200 mg/L) or Vc, to observe NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), myeloperoxidase (MPO), xanthine oxidase (XOD), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production, cell viability and ratio of GSH to GSSG at 4, 8, 12, 24 h. MTT method was used to measure the cell viability. The level of NO was determined by Griess regent. ROS production was evaluated with DCFH-DA fluorescence probe. GSH and GSSG levels were determined with fluorescence method in OPT. MPO, XOD, iNOS activity were measured by chemiluminescence assay. The results showed that PCV-2 infection significantly increased the production of NO, ROS and GSSG (P<0.05), and significantly raised activity of MPO, XOD, iNOS (P<0.05) and significantly decreased the level of GSH and ratio of GSH to GSSG (P<0.05) in PCV-2 infected cells. Treatment with PNS at 200 mg/L significantly reduced the secretion of NO at 4 h and 12 h after PCV-2 infection, the levels of ROS, GSSG and the activity of MPO, XOD, iNOS were significantly decreased at 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. And the ratio of GSH to GSSG was significantly increased in infected RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that PCV-2 infection resulted in cell oxidative stress and PNS acted against PCV-2 infection by scavenging ROS in RAW264.7 cells and improving the enzyme activity, but the detailed molecular mechanism needed further research.
Keywords: traditional Chinese veterinary science; Pannax notoginseng saponins; PCV-2; RAW264.7 cell; oxidative stress

Title: Development of RT-PCR assay for detection of avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza viruses

Authors: WANG Chenxi, WANG Qian*, HU Junyi, SUN Yipeng
PP: 2260-2264
Abstract: In order to strengthen the monitoring of avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza viruses, a pair of specific primers were designed according to the hemagglutinin (HA) genes conserved region of avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza viruses, and a reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed. The high specificity of this assay showed that there was no cross-reaction with other subtypes canine influenza viruses. This RT-PCR assay was also shown to have high sensitivity and the detection limit was 1×101 TCID50/100 μL. To assess the application of this assay, 420 clinical swabs of dogs were tested using the RT-PCR assay and the conventional virus isolation assay, and the positive rates were completely consistent. Therefore, this RT-PCR assay can serve as a rapid useful tool for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza viruses.
Keywords: livestock virology; canine influenza virus; H3N2; reverse-transcriptase PCR

Title: Effect of macrolides with Streptococcus suis biofilm quorum-sensing system

Authors: ZHOU Yonghui, ZHAO Yulin, LI Yanhua
PP: 2252-2259
Abstract: To determine the effects of macrolides antibiotics on the quorum-sensing (QS) system, the antibiotics of subinhibitory concentration was used to intervented biofilm formation by crystal violet staining. We analyzed the differentially expressed proteins by proteome iTRAQ technology to determine the effects of macrolides on the QS system to find the potential protein targets. The changes of QS system were verified by the transcriptional level (comAB) through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technology. Finally, it is proved that the QS system could affect the formation of biofilm.
Keywords: veterinary pharmacology; Streptococcus suis biofilm; quorum-sensing system; macrolides; iTRAQ; quantitative real-time PCR

Title: Porcine interferon-induced transmembrane proteins: inhibitors of JEV and EMCV replication

Authors: WANG Xingchen, GE Xinna, GUO Xin
PP: 2246-2251
Abstract: In order to study the full gene sequences and antiviral properties of porcine interferon- induced transmembrane family members (IFITM), three of them were amplified using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and cloned into the vector pCMV-Myc separately, and recombinant plasmid pCMV-IFITM1/2/3 were obtained. Overexpression of these three proteins in BHK-21 cell lines was identified by Western blotting. The replication abilities of both Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) when IFITM was overexpressed were detected using RT-PCR and plaques. Our data reveal that the amino acid sequences of porcine IFITM family members are quite similar to that of human IFITM proteins, except for the additional 13 amino acids in the 3 terminal hydrophilic region. All of the three porcine IFITM family members inhibit the replication of JEV and EMCV in vitro, and the IFITM3 protein shows the strongest antiviral activities. These results have enriched the antiviral spectrum of IFITM proteins and laid the foundation for the application of interferon-stimulated genes in zoonosis prevention.
Keywords: veterinary immunology; interferon-induced transmembrane protein; antiviral; Japanese encephalitis virus; encephalomyocarditis virus

Title: Research on the agricultural product quality and safety traceability system based on QR Code

Authors: ZHANG Guowei1, GONG Panwei1, JIN Guoliang2, ZHAO Xicheng2, DONG Yude1
PP: 2239-2245
Abstract: In order to strengthen the management on quality and safety of agriculture products and ensure the health of consumers, a quality inspection and traceability system was developed by using Web+Android, QR Code and geographic information system (GIS) technologies. And the use of Crystal Reports technology can achieve agricultural cultivation guidance and alarm for failed qualification tests, which makes the regulation more convenient and efficient. Authorized dealers can add product transport routes, release product supply and demand information through the Android app, which can effectively expand the sales channels. The system not only realized the traceability of agricultural products, but also strengthened the supervision as well as optimized the supply chain.
Keywords: agricultural engineering; QR Code; quality safety of agricultural products; traceability; Web; Android

Title: Expression and functional identification of CaPME1 related to pollen development in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Authors: WANG Li, CHEN Guoju, CAO Bihao, CHEN Changming, ZOU Lifang, ZHU Zhangsheng,
PP: 2226-2238
Abstract: Hybrids is very popular in pepper production. The hybrid seed production is mainly by means of male sterile lines. The molecular mechanism of pollen development is the key to study male sterility. The recessive nuclear male sterility ab line AB114 was used to study. Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) recombinant plasmid, a vector, which included CaPME1 genes, was constructed using the virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) method, and it can silence the target gene expression in fertile pepper plants. Results showed that compared with wild type plants and transgenic plant with empty vector (pTRV2), the pollen became lesser and the anther dehiscence was significantly delayed in CaPME1gene silencing plants. Under the condition in vitro, pollen was placed on agar gel to germinate for us to test the pollen viability. Results indicated that the pollen germination rate of silent plant was significantly reduced and the pollen tube of silent plant was shorter than that of wild type and the pTRV2. We observed the surface of the pollen over the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the results showed that compared with that of wild type and pTRV2, the quantitative and irregular distribution of the CaPME1 silent plant’s pollen germination ditch had an impact on the global shape feature and it showed different levels of shrinking, intertangling and some part of the pollen got serious shrinkage. The results of statistical analysis about pollen showed that the deformity rate of the plant with silenced CaPME1 was significantly increased. This shows that the substance that restrains the CaPME1 can reduce pollen’s germination ratio and cause the pollen deformity, therefore we can assume that the CaPME1 plays a certain role in the pollen development process. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the gene expression level. The results showed that the CaPME1 expression level was obviously lower in the plants with scilenced CaPME1 than that in the control (wild and transformant with pTRV2).
Keywords: horticulture; pepper; pollen development; CaPME1; virus induced gene silencing; function identification

Title: Effects of different root-cutting treatments on root morphology, dry matter accumulation and yield of summer maize

Authors: JIANG Qian, LI Lei, CHEN Mingfei, WAN Jingjing, ZHANG Fenglu, WU Ruijuan
PP: 22192225
Abstract: In order to make clear if root redundancy is existing in high density and high yield maize population, field experiment was conducted at Xinji experimental station of Hebei Agricultural University during 2014-2015. The effects of different root-cutting treatments on root morphology, dry matter accumulation and partitioning, and grain yield were studied using maize hybrid Zhengdan 958 as material under planting density of 75 000 plants/hm2 in the field. The treatment was done in large bell shaped stage (DR) and silking stage (TR), respectively. The results showed that compared with CK treatment, the grain number, 1 000-grain weight and yield of TR treatment could be increased by 8.7%, 4.74% and 1.98%, respectively, while for DR treatment they could be reduced by 16.5%, 10.29% and 2.74%, respectively. With the advance of growth, the whole plant dry matter weight above ground and partitioning to ears were gradually increased, and TR treatment were 0.72% and 4.96% higher than that of CK. The root length in 0-10 cm soil layer, especially the roothair length between 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter which is conducive to absorb water and nutrients was increased. The root surface area and volume in each soil layer were significantly increased by DR treatment, while for TR treatment the increase was only in 0-10 cm soil layer. It can be deduced from the study that root redundancy is existed and maize yield could be improved by properly root cutting at silking stage for high planting density and high yield maize population.
Keywords: crop physiology; summer maize; root redundancy; root-cutting; root morphology; dry matter accumulation

Title: Identification of Fusarium oxysporum infecting apple and fungicides screening in laboratory

Authors: WANG Xiaoqing, LIU Yue, KONG Baohua, ZHANG Zhiyuan, YANG Yijuan, CHEN Min, LI Yongqing, SHI Anxian, MA Zhongfei, PENG Deqing, CAO Keqiang5, MA Jun
PP: 2211-2218
Abstract: Apple trees in Zhaotong region showing symptoms of necrosis and root rot were collected, isolated and cultured on potato dextrose agar medium. The colonies of pathogens were white. The septate hypha, sickle-shaped conidiums, circular and oval small conidiums were observed under microscopy. The sequence of the pathogen was identified as Fusarium oxysporum Schl. by conducting PCR with primers designed using the ITS gene sequence of fungus and analyzing sequences in BLAST in NCBI. From the analysis of pathogenic symptoms, pathogenic characteristics and ITS gene sequence, the pathogen was identified as F. oxysporum infection of apple (F. oxysporum Schl.). The pathogenicity of apple leaves in vitro was tested. The results showed that the isolated and identified pathogens were infectious. Seven kinds of fungicides (25% Hydrogen bacteria ester, 30% Hymexazol, 25% Fludioxonil, 50% Thiram, 40% Myclobutanil, 50% Carbendazim, 40% Dimethachlon) were screened with inhibition zone method. The results show that 25% Fludioxonil, 50% Thiram have effective inhibit result, but they can not completely kill pathogen. The effect of 40% Myclobutanil, 40% Dimethachlon is middle, and 25% Hydrogen bacteria ester, 30% Hymexazol, 50% Carbendazim sterilize effect is not obvious. The experiment chooses seven kinds fungicides have great difference in toxicity for stopping growth of hypha of F. oxysporum Schl.
Keywords: plant protection; apple tree; Fusarium oxysporum Schl.; identification; fungicides screening

Title: Dynamics of the infection rate of an exogenous Wolbachia strain in the new host population

Authors: ZHOU Xiaofei, LI Zhengxi
PP: 2207-2210
Abstract: Wolbachia are maternally-inherited rickettsia-like bacteria, which can be applied to host population control through transinfection, but the control efficiency is unstable. The wMel Wolbachia strain was firstly isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and then transferred into the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that the wMel strain was successfully transinfected into the new host. Wolbachia-specific primers were used to estimate the dynamics of the infection rate. The results showed that the strain could be steadily inherited in the new host population after 3 generations, but the infection rate of the strain fluctuated after 6 generations, indicating that the exogenous Wolbachia strain can rapidly establish in the new host, but its regulation of target host population may be a more complicated process than expected.
Keywords: plant protection; Wolbachia; microinjection; fluorescence in situ hybridization; infection rate; Bemisia tabaci

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Title: Comparisons on biological traits of invasive plants in their native and introduced zones: a meta-analysis

Authors: XU Jing, ZANG Yanyan, TANG Jianjun, CHEN Xin
PP: 2188-2195
Abstract: In this study, we used meta-analysis to investigate how biological characteristics of invasive plants changes when they were introduced into the invasive ranges from their native ranges under seven different conditions. Experimental sites (native ranges and introduced ranges), experimental conditions (greenhouse experiments and field experiments) and plant life forms (grasses, herbs and shrubs) were categorized. Our results showed that total biomass, shoot biomass, plant height, flower numbers, seed yield and belowground branching of the invasive plants were higher in introduced ranges than in native ranges. Compared to greenhouse experiments, where total biomass, shoot biomass, plant height, flower numbers and seed yield were all higher in introduced ranges than in native ranges, only flower numbers and seed yields of the invasive plants were higher in introduced ranges than in native ranges on field experiments. Among plant life forms, total biomass in grasses, total biomass and shoot biomass in fobs and shoot biomass and plant height of the invasive plants were higher in the introduced ranges than in the native ranges. Our results suggested that invasive plants became more aggressive in the introduced ranges than in the native ranges.
Keywords: ecology; invasive plant; biology traits; meta-anaylsis

Title: Positive regulation on the plant drought tolerance of Arabidopsis small GTP binding protein RABE1C

Authors: LIN Minyan1, LI Chunlong1, CAO huaai2, ZHANG Wei1
PP: 2179-2187
Abstract: Drought is one of the most serious stresses in restraining plant growth and development as well as crop yield. To screen and investigate the plant drought responsive genes is an important way to obtain new essential functional genes and molecular mechanisms and to improve plant drought tolerance and make further development of water-use-efficiency agriculture. In this study, we found that Arabidopsis small GTP binding protein RABE1C was involved in plant drought response. Compared with wild type plants, the RABE1C loss-of-function mutants rabelc-1 and rabelc-2 reduced the plant drought tolerance and showed hyposensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) regulated stomatal movements. GUS staining assay showed that RABE1C was highly expressed in a serial of tissues, especially in guard cells. Moreover, RABE1C transcription level was induced by drought and ABA treatments. All presented data demonstrated that RABE1C may function as a positive regulator in ABA regulated stomatal movements, and thus to enhance the plant drought tolerance.
Keywords: cell biology; drought tolerance; abscisic acid; stomatal movements; RABE1C

Title: Analysis on two-component signal transduction system of Pseudomonas fragi

Authors: XU Xiangting, MEI Yanzhen
PP: 2174-2178
Abstract: Pseudomonas fragi was isolated from the extreme environment of Arctic with cold tolerance and salt tolerance. The two-component signal transduction system (TCS) of P. fragi was predicted and analyzed based on the whole genome sequencing. 13 pairs of TCSs and 2 orphan histidine protein kinases (HK) were identified, and the majority of HK was found to have the HAMP, HATPase_c, HisKA, and other structural domains. Most of TCSs belong to OmpR sub family, accounted for more than 61.5% of all TCSs. The clustering analysis showed that the HisKAs located in the different evolutionary branch, suggesting the TCSs are diverse. The functions of TCSs in P. fragi involved in nitrogen fixation and metabolism, heavy metals, copper resistance response regulation, and so on. This may contribute to the strain to survive in the Arctic environment. These results will lay a theoretical foundation for the cold tolerance and salt tolerance of P. fragi in extreme conditions.
Keywords: microbiology; Pseudomonas fragi; two-component signal transduction system; histidine protein kinase; phylogenetic analysis

Title: Effect of the endothelial glycocalyx layer on arterial LDL transport: a numerical study

Authors: WANG Libing, DENG Xiaoyan, LIU Xiao
PP: 2165-2173
Abstract: To quantitatively investigate the role of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) in protecting the artery from excessive infiltration of atherogenic lipids such as low density lipoprotein (LDL), a multilayer model with the EGL of an arterial segment is developed to numerically simulate the flow and the transport of LDL. The results show that the increase in the thickness of the EGL can lead to a sharp drop in LDL accumulation in the intima. A partial damage to the EGL can compromise its barrier function, hence leading to increased infiltration/accumulation of atherogenic lipids such as LDL within the wall of the arterial model. In conclusion, an intact EGL with a sufficient thickness may act as a barrier to LDL infiltration into the arterial wall.
Keywords: biomechanics; glycocalyx; atherosclerosis; low density lipoprotein

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