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December 30,2008
Volume 1,Issue 16
Pages 1752-1859
Subject Area:Environmental Systems Engineering,Environmental Quality Monitering and Evaluation,Environmental Chemistry,Enviromental Management, Environmental Economics, Environmental Law,Environmental Ecology,Environmental Geoscience,Air Pollution Prevention and Control Project,Environmental Biology

Title: Visualization study of water quality in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (East Route) using Visual Basic and MapObjects

Authors: GENG Tianzhao, WANG Jiaquan, ZHAO Weidong, WAN Sixing
PP: 1752～1756
Abstract: This paper briefly introduces the Matlab and MapObjects related features, combining with construction of the optimized water resources decision support system in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (East Route),and discusses the use of Visual Basic (VB) and MapObjects (MO) mixed programming in the preparation of assessment of water quality and visualization modules. Matlab graphics and geography information system (GIS) attributes table function are used comprehensively to achieve real-time inquiry and real-time display of water quality monitoring data, at the same time, calls Matlab functions in VB to achieve the three-dimensional visualization of the water quality changes. Two methods of evaluation are applied. One is applying fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method from fuzzy math to evaluate water quality comprehensively, the results of evaluation will be expressed specifically in the form of layers in which the water quality are classified by different colors, meanwhile the Matlab graphic display function is used to achieve the three-dimensional visualization of water quality. The other one is using the single factor evaluation method to determine the major pollution factor, the rating results will be displayed in the form of GIS attributes table on the map, which is convenient for users to inquire in real-time. This research will provide technical support for water environmental quality management and macro policy-making of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (East Route).
Keywords: environmental systems engineering; visualization of water quality; water quality assessment; the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (East Route)

Title: Study on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams based on corn stover

Authors: WANG Tipeng, ZHANG Lianhui, LI Dong, YIN Jun, CHANG Suqiang, MAO Zhihuai
PP: 1804～1807
Abstract: Polyurethane foams were prepared with liquefied corn stover that wasn’t pretreated as polyol. Taking the tensile strength and elongation at break of polyurethane foams as factors, the effects of ［NCO］/［OH］ ratio and blowing agent content on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams were investigated by changing ［NCO］/［OH］ ratio and blowing agent content. Results show that with the increasing of ［NCO］/［OH］ ratio, the tensile strength increased, the elongation at break first increased and then decreased. Elongation at break reached its maximum at a ［NCO］/［OH］ ratio of 1.2. With the increasing of blowing agent content, the tensile strength decreased, and the elongation at break first increased and then decreased. Elongation at break reached its maximum at a blowing agent content of 0.5 g. Polyurethane foams with different mechanical properties can be obtained by changing ［NCO］/［OH］ ratio or blowing agent content.
Keywords: environmental engineering; corn stover; liquefaction; polyurethane foams; mechanical properties

Title: A preliminary study on accelerated precipitation softening of calcium carbonate

Authors: WANG Longlong, LUAN Zhaokun, QU Dan, ZHANG Jingbo, WEI Bin, LI Xiang, TIAN Chunhua
PP: 1856～1859
Abstract: This paper concerned calcium ion in reverse osmosis (RO) concentration water. The process of calcium ion crystallization which uses the calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and quartz sand as seed crystals was studied. The calcium sulfate was dissolved and led to the rapid increase of calcium ion concentration in the solution. So the calcium sulfate is not suitable for being seed crystal of low-salt concentration. The quartz sand and calcium carbonate both can be used as seed crystals, but it is much faster and more complete to use calcium carbonate as seed crystal compared with using quartz sand. If conditions allow, it is better to use calcium carbonate. Using calcium carbonate as seed crystal, adjusting pH values of solution by alkali, the process of the crystallization of calcium ion in reverse osmosis water under different pH values, seeds and their dosage, also different mixing speeds was examined. The result shows that the pH value is the key factor of crystallization of calcium ion, the mixing speed, seed crystal and its dosage also affect the crystallization of calcium to a certain extent.
Keywords: water environmentology; calcium carbonate; accelerated precipitation softening; seed crystal

Title: Predict and assess district’s atmospheric environmental impact of heat power plant boiler: a case study in Shandong Yicheng development area

Authors: AN Lihua
PP: 1850～1855
Abstract: The research of this paper is established on setting up the diffusing model of atmospheric pollutant, and assessing its impact on the atmospheric environment. The results of the research may contribute to the treatment of pollutant in the construction projects. The forecast and assessment of atmospheric environmental impact, which is an important sector of environmental impact assessment, is a relatively complex process with much weather parameter and environmental element involved in pollution gene. According to the division result of the ambient air quality function area of the Shandong Yicheng development area, this paper makes sure the parameters of atmospheric pollutant of the development area by referring to the geographical position of Zaozhuang city, meteorological property in recent 3 years and the current monitored data. This paper applies Gaussian model with “Technical methods for making local emission standards of air pollutants GB/T 13201—91” to predict the atmospheric environmental impact of heat power plant boiler construction, the result shows that boiler construction doesn’t affect the district’s atmospheric environment.
Keywords: environmental engineering; predict and assess; Gaussian model; heat power plant boiler; development area

Title: A viewpoint of relationship between building harmonious society and developing agricultural resources and environment specialty in high education

Authors: CHEN Manrong
PP: 1841～1849
Abstract: The agricultural resources and environmental problems in society and college in China were discussed in this paper. The reasons that the professionals of agricultural resources and environment were weak on human resources market were analyzed. The viewpoint on needing a large number of professionals of agricultural resources and environment which can solve that problems were proposed. The teaching plans of agricultural resources and environment specialty were further improved, the construction of harmonious society was thought to be the best opportunity for developing the agricultural resources and environment specialty in high education.
Keywords: environmentology; harmonious society; agricultural resources and environment; high education; teaching and learning revolution

Title: Treatment and controlling measures for environmental pollution in coal gasification

Authors: QU Fengchen
PP: 1837～1840
Abstract: Presently, coal gasification technology has become the important means for compositive utilization of coal, and it is the market leader of some important industrial productions such as coal chemical industry, coal-to-liquids and coal based synthetic natural gas. Because of the components of coal, environmental pollution occurs in these processes. In this paper, the environmental pollution in coal gasification was briefly introduced. The source and characteristic of waste water, exhaust gas and waste residue were discussed, and then, the corresponding treatment and controlling measures were provided. The reason for the difficulty of pollution controlling in coal gasification production was also considered, and the establishment of integrated scheme for pollution prevention and cure from the viewpoint of system engineering was proposed.
Keywords: environmental engineering; coal gasification; pollution; treatment and controlling

Title: The analysis and calculation for the flow field state of the main reaction zone of the highly efficient anaerobic reactor

Authors: CHEN Xie
PP: 1833～1836
Abstract: Anaerobic reactor is one of the most fast developing area in anaerobic technology. Biochemical reaction inside the anaerobic reactor both goes deep into the microstructure and the progress of the movement of the material and large-scale macrostructure and movement. Granular sludge is the effective tool to improve biomass and mass transfer efficiency. The article uses the order of magnitude comparison method and method of analogue to analyze the physical attribute of granular sludge and gas-liquid mixing fluid under gravitational field, the triphase flowing space and dynamics conditions in the main reaction zone, especially the granular sludge’s space density, fluid state and the mass transfer state of the corresponding fluid. From the point of their physical attribute, it briefly analyzes the function classification of the particulate fluidization and aggregative fluidization. It also analyzes and calculates the parameters of the flow field state and gives the constraint conditions among the parameters.
Keywords: environmental engineering; triphase flow field state; granular sludge; particulate fluidization; aggregative fluidization

Title: Application of BP nerural network in predicting the water quality in Liuhe River of Fuxin

Authors: CHANG Huan, LIU Zhibin, TONG Yingwei
PP: 1828～1832
Abstract: In practice, there are many factors that influence the water quality, and the existing mathematic model of water quality prediction is very difficult to consider all the factors. But the high nonlinear mapping ability of artificial neural network just complements the deficiency of the traditional prediction model. This article mainly applies BP neural network to predict the short-term BOD5 concentration tendency of LH-Changtuozi section. By interpolation, training, verifying and testing of the model, obtains a feasible and objective prediction model, which reflects the short-term BOD5 concentration tendency of the water quality in Liuhe River of Fuxin. The result shows that the model has a better generalization ability that can predict the short-term pollutant concentration quantitatively.
Keywords: environmental engineering; BP neural network; river water quality; prediction

Title: Research on resource recycling of waste printed wiring board substrate

Authors: GUAN Meifang, ZHANG Linjin， ZHANG Liner
PP: 1822～1827
Abstract: The resource recycling of waste printed wiring board substrate in our country is mainly carried out by the methods of landfill and incineration. The methods of processing waste substrate when the amount is small are as follows: replace the sawdust to be the filling material of sculpture handicraft; make the soundproofing board, ceiling, vase and so on; be used as powder for the coating, paving material or filler for plastic preparation and so on; be reused as the reinforcing material and insulated gluing material or used as the fire retardant chemical. This article designed a method for resource recycling of waste printed wiring board substrate: the glass fiber resin powder obtained by smashing the waste printed wiring board substrate is moulded directly by adding epoxy resin and firming agent, the product can be sold as building material. By a comprehensive consideration of the recycling cost and the product performance, the best shaping condition is obtained, the content of waste glass fiber resin powder: epoxy resin: firming agent is 10∶1∶1, the temperature is 45℃, heating time is 3 h. This method is big treatment capacity, low recycling cost, simple technology and bright market prospects.
Keywords: basic disciplines of environmental science and technology; waste printed wiring board; glass fiber; resource recycling; compression molding

Title: Scientific recognition and value judgment of environmental impact assessment: properties integration of natural science and society

Authors: XU Zhenqiang, ZHANG Jianbo
PP: 1813～1821
Abstract: The paper was outspreaded from the present-day research advancement of domestic environmental impact assessment (EIA), and meanwhile a combination with the origin of EIA theory abroad. Basically to follow its development trace, particularly to seek for the tough aspects which should be treated seriously, a discussion about scientific recognition and value judgment of EIA was introduced. On the understanding and demonstration of scientific recognition and value judgment theoretically, an assumption to combine the EIA properties of natural science and society practically was proposed, namely there is not only an urgent need to insist on pursuing the non-subjective recognition of the outcomes possibly caused by human-being activities on environment at natural science dimension, but also to strengthen the recognition of value-cored social properties and practice materially, and what’s more, make rational attempting to introduce value-cored social properties into the category of EIA study, fulfilling the important social function of value judgment to boost EIA practices. Based on the current status of EIA study, the combination research of the mentioned two aspects was brought forward, particularly, to push the thought of environmental sociology and framework construction for promoting the extensive development of EIA theory work powerfully and guiding practice work more effectively.
Keywords: basic disciplines of environmental science and technology; environmental impact assessment; scientific recognition; value judgment; social property

Title: Experimental research on the hydrodynamic behavior of watercourse with aquatic floating plants

Authors: HE Ning, QIN Yingrong, ZHAO Zhenxing
PP: 1808～1812
Abstract: The biological methods on river pollution treatment become the research focus for their convenient handling, low price, and none re-pollution. However, after planting the vegetation, the acreage of watercourse cross section reduced, the ability of carrying and flood-resisting changed. Indoor model test for hydraulic characteristics of common floating vegetation channels in ecological restoration was carried out. Healthy Pistia stratioes linn was planted in the rectangle model river-course in different shapes. The velocity of flow in different situation was measured by three-dimensional acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). The change of the rule of velocity was analyzed. The outcome shows that the water level rises in front of the planting area, the velocity of flow in the planting area along the water depth changes from “J” to “)”, however, the hydrodynamic behavior comes back to the original condition quickly rearwards the planting area. Compared these three planting modes, the aerofoil mode has the minimum influence on hydrodynamic behavior.
Keywords: ecological restoration; acoustic Doppler velocimeter; Pistia stratiotes; hydrodynamic behavior； planting mode； velocity distribution

Title: Primary study on the effect of human activities on the river system change in Shanghai

Authors: QIN Yongliang, YUAN Wen
PP: 1797～1803
Abstract: A great deal of data was collected for the study of the river system change in Shanghai area. According to a historical analysis, the whole process of river system change in Shanghai was divided into three stages in this paper, the first is when Huangpu River system was formed and became the main outlet of Taihu Basin, the second is when river network in some local area was dramatically changed especially in the core area of Shanghai, and the final is when 14 water conservation zones were completely built for water resources management in Shanghai. It is concluded that the driving forces of the river system change in Shanghai were the natural change, flood control, development of shipping and urbanization, and the synthetical treatment respectively for the three stages, and the intensity of change became more and more strong stage by stage. Based on the study, it is proposed that the negative effect of human activities on river system should be avoided or reduced when we develop and manage the water resource in tidal plain.
Keywords: geography; river system change; historical analysis method; human activities; plain river network

Title: A study on the vehicle emission factors in Chongqing

Authors: MA Ning, CHEN Gangcai, QIAO Qian
PP: 1791～1796
Abstract: The MOBILE5 model for calculating the emission factors of motor vehicles is described and the required parameters are determined based on the amounts, actual categories, driving cycles, and I/M rule of motor vehicles in Chongqing. And then the model is used to calculate the vehicle emission factors of CO, NOX and HC in Chongqing in 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2004. By comparing the difference between the emission factors derived from the MOBILE5 model and the engine bench test, it is found that the emission factors calculated with the MOBILE5 model are smaller than the actual emission status in Chongqing.
Keywords: environmental engineering; MOBILE5 model; emission factor; motor vehicle; Chongqing

Title: Research on the relative resources carrying capacity and sustainable development of Jilin Province

Authors: WANG Chenye, TANG Jie, LI Zhaoyang, SUN Lixin, MAO Zilong
PP: 1784～1790
Abstract: There were many limitations in the forepassed research on resources carrying capacity. The relative resources carrying capacity and synthetic carrying capacity of the first, second and third industry from 1990 to 2004 in Jilin Province were analyzed by adapting the train of thought and computing technology of relative resources carrying capacity. The results showed that: 1) the contributions to the synthetic carrying capacity of agriculture were greater than that of the industry and third industry, which illustrates that agriculture is the main resource which carries population; 2) the synthetic carrying capacity exceeded the real population in Jilin Province since 1995 and came to the relative enough situation; 3) the synthetic carrying capacity is different largely among the nine cities of Jilin Province, the middle part was in relative enough situation in 2004, but the west and east part were in relative overload situation; 4) it is a key problem needs to be resolved for the strategy of sustainable development in Jilin Province to realize the industrial coordinated development.
Keywords: environmental engineering; Jilin Province; relative resources carrying capacity; synthetic carrying capacity; sustainable development

Title: Detection of oxytetracycline residues in leaf-vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography

Authors: CUI Xin, QIAO Xianliang, WANG Zhen, HAN Chengwei
PP: 1778～1783
Abstract: The residues of oxytetracycline in lettuce, celery and pakchoi cabbage were measured with optimum procedure of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Oxytetracycline in the three leaf-vegetable samples was extracted thrice by Na2EDTA-McIlvaine buffer (pH4). The filtrate was examined by HPLC with a reversed phase column Hypersil BDS C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm). The flowing rate of mobile phase was 1.5 mL/min, and the temperature of column was 35℃. The wavelength of DAD detector was 355 nm. Because the three leaf-vegetables are of different compositions, the mobile phase was adjusted to optimum ratio to get satisfactory resolution. The ratios of mobile phase (methanol∶acetonitrile∶1% formic acid, pH3.0) were 10∶15∶75, 10∶10∶80, 6∶6∶88 for lettuce, celery and pakchoi cabbage, respectively. The recovery of oxytetracycline was from 66.8% to 82.9%, and the RSD values of replicates were less than 10%. The results indicated that the method is accurate and stable, which can be used to detect oxytetracycline residues in leaf-vegetables. This analysis procedure will be useful in the study of the uptake of oxytetracycline by vegetables and in the risk assessment of food contamination.
Keywords: environmental science and technology to other subjects; oxytetracycline; leaf-vegetable; high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）; extraction

Title: The evolvement of the agricultural and rural industrial structure policy and its impact on agricultural non-point sources pollution

Authors: LIU Fang, SHEN Zhenyao
PP: 1774～1777
Abstract: The agricultural and rural industrial structure policy is the main driving force for agricultural non-point sources pollution’s evolvement. This paper probes into the evolvement and current situation of the agricultural and rural industrial structure policy since the reform and its impact on agricultural NPS from three aspects, which are, agricultural productive structure policy, township enterprises development policy and small town developments policy. The result shows that before the late 1980s, China’s agriculture and rural economic policy was focused on improving yield and productivity and the goal was to make sure the food supply and stability of farmers’ income, basically not considered the environmental impact on agriculture. During the 1990s, according to the sustainable development of agriculture, the development of environmental protection technology was strengthened. Since 2000, the construction of the new socialist countryside becomes a major historic task, and it will benefit the pollution prevention and ecological environment protection including agricultural and rural non-point sources pollution prevention.
Keywords: environmental science; agricultural and rural industrial structure policy; non-point sources pollution; impact analysis

Title: Screening of a bioflocculant producing bacterium X3 and characteristic study of its bioflocculant product PX

Authors: CHEN Ruowei, LEI Hengyi, LI Zhong
PP: 1768～1773
Abstract: Four strains of flocculant-producing bacteria were isolated from the soil sample collected inside Sun Yat-sen University, and X3, one of the four, was selected for further study due to its high flocculating activity and rapid growth. The flocculating activity reached its highest after 48 h cultivation, when the bacteria were in the stationary phase. After the bacteria entered the decline phase the flocculating activity decreased significantly, from which we can infer that the bioflocculant produced by X3 can be biodegraded and is environmentally friendly. According to the morphological and physiological characteristics of X3, the strain was identified as Bacillus sp. About 0.95 g of crude bioflocculant product PX was recovered from 250 mL of culture broth through the process reported by SALEHIZADEH, and its carbohydrate and protein content was measured using the phenol-sulfuric acid method and Bradford method, respectively. The main composition of PX was 58.4% of polysaccharide and 1.17% of protein. PX had a fine pH and thermal stability and the culture broth which was stored in a sealed beaker flask at normal temperature still kept a high flocculating activity after six days or more. Thus the bioflocculant PX is expected to be a suitable alternative to inorganic and synthetic flocculants.
Keywords: basic disciplines of environmental science and technology; bioflocculant; loop dilution & streak plate; Bacillus sp.; thermal stability

Title: The TOPSIS algorithm in the rivers’ testing of pollution

Authors: YAO Gangqiang, FEI Shumin, ZHANG Xi
PP: 1764～1767
Abstract: TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) algorithm is a multi objective decision method, which can be used for distributed points of optimization problem of the multi objective systems in the testing of pollution in the river. This paper has introduced the TOPSIS method’s principle, metric space and its detailed calculating steps. It has tried to improve this method when the distance between general object and ideal goal was being solved. The example shows that the improved TOPSIS method makes the best use of optimal matrix information, and the optimizing result is in accordance with the actual situation. Through this method only the 1, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 11 ones of the 13 section sample points of the rivers in Kaifeng city need to be tested. And the maximum spatial representative environment information can be got with the minimum testing section. It shows that this method is effective and applicatory.
Keywords: environmental engineering; TOPSIS algorithm; testing of pollution; distributed points of optimization; testing section; multi objective decision

Title: Study on testing of homogeneities of standard reference materials of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments

Authors: XU Hengzhen, ZHOU Chuanguang, YAO Ziwei, LIN Zhongsheng
PP: 1757～1763
Abstract: The paper established a technique for testing of homogeneities of standard reference materials (SRM) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine sediments. The determination of SRM of 17 kinds of PAHs in marine sediments (under mesh 200) was performed with ultrasonic wave extraction (UWE) and silica gel-alumina-swirl-centrifugal separation (SASCS) with elution of different extract solvents of hexane and dichloromethane by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM) with capillary column. It was showed that the RSD of repeated relative response factors and relative retain time ranged from 1.03% to 9.70% and 0.009% to 0.046%, respectively. It was revealed that there was a good separation in the near PAHs each other. The limits of detection of 17 kinds of PAHs ranged from 1.0 pg to 10.0 pg. It indicated that there were the homogeneities of 17 kinds of PAHs in marine sediments (under mesh 200) in 18 times of sampled experiments because of which the value of statistical parameters of F was all less than the critical value of statistical parameters of Fα (α=0.05), and illuminated that it could be used for the SRM in marine environmental monitoring.
Keywords: marine science; marine sediments; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; standard reference materials; homogeneities; testing

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