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November 15,2008 Volume 1,Issue 13 Pages 1429-1547 Subject Area:Basic Subject of Aquatic Science,Cartography,Geography,Human Geography (including Regional Grography, Tourism Geography, other Subjects),Hydrology,Atmospheric Sciences,Atmospheric Sounding (including Atmospheric Remote Sensing) |
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Title: The application in several aquatic animals with two anaesthetic manners | ||||
Authors: ZHANG Weiguang, ZHAO Chong, ZHANG Xiaoxue, ZHANG Xi PP: 1538~1547 Abstract: An anaesthesia experiment on Fennerenacus chinensis, Marsupenaeus japonicus, carp (Cyprinus carpio), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) was taken between October 2006 and April 2007, which based on different instances. The experiment included two manners which were physical and chemical. The cold shock was used in Fennerenacus chinensis and Marsupenaeus japonicus which was one of the physical manners. As the other physical manner, decreasing salinity rapidly was used in turbot and fat greenling.Three anaesthetic reagents (MS-222, Phenoxetol, CH3CH2OH) were used in carp, turbot, Pacific cod and fat greenling which were not poisonous and less rudimental. As the result, all the manners above could make the animals anaesthetic with the different anaesthetic degree. Physical manners and CH3CH2OH reagent could only anaesthetize on lower degree with shorter revival time. MS-222 and Phenoxetol could anaesthetize on higher degree with longer revival time. Different manners and different anaesthetics should be chosen based on the characteristics of different animals if the designs of experiments and purposes are different. Keywords: aquaculture; anaesthesia; manners of anaesthesia; aquatic animals |
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Title: Preliminary study on culturing Cladocera with micro-particles laver power | ||||
Authors: SUN Min, XU Shanliang, ZHANG Wei PP: 1532~1537 Abstract: Cladocera is natural bait for aquatic animals such as fish and shrimp, it is also live bait used in breeding of aquatic commercial animals and becomes more and more important in artificial breeding. In this paper, the survival rate and birth rate of Moina macrocopa were compared between two groups. They were cultivated with the micro-particles laver power and Chlorella respectively. The micro-particles laver power couldn’t be ingested by Moina macrocopa easily, as a result, B and C groups fed with the micro-particles laver power were inferior to A group fed with Chlorella both in the survival rate and birth rate. So the feeding technique of the micro-particles laver power needs to be studied and improved furtherly. Therefore, as the new food source to Moina macrocopa, the micro-particles laver power is still feasible. It also provides a new thought for large-scale cultivation of Cladocera. Keywords: aquatic feed research; the micro-particles laver power; feeding; Moina macrocopa; reproduction |
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Title: Primary analysis of the algae on breeding biofilm for juvenile Haliotis diversicolor | ||||
Authors: LI Haiyun, LI Na, TANG Huijuan, SUN Yuan PP: 1523~1531 Abstract: In the paper, light and scanning electric microscopic techniques were used to analyse the algae on the breeding biofilms for juvenile Haliotis diversicolor. The results showed that there were many kinds of algae on the breeding biofilms, such as Cocconeis, Navicula, Nitzschia, Pinnularia, Melosira, Synetra and green algae in different size and shape. On the biofilm which juvenile abalone grew well, Cocconeis were the dominant species, while on the film which juvenile abalone grew badly, Navicula were the dominant species, and they often grew together, and there were more green algae and Melosira in larger size. Meanwhile, the main fourteen clear algae species were recorded and described in the paper. They were Cocconeis Placentula var., Cocconeis scutellum var., Navicula sp1., Navicula sp2., Pinnularia sp1., Pinnularia sp2., Pleurosigma sp., Nitzschia panduriformis, Melosira sp., Synedra sp., Nitzschia closterium, Nitzschia longissima, Leptocylindrus sp., and Melosira moniliformis. For all the recorded species, there were photos enclosed and the relative data were measured. Keywords: basic disciplines of fisheries; Haliotis diversicolor; breeding biofilm; algae; primary analysis |
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Title: Observation on the peripheral blood cells morphology of Chinese spined loach, Cobitis sinensis | ||||
Authors: GAO Zexia, WANG Weimin PP: 1517~1522 Abstract: The morphology of the peripheral blood cells of Chinese spined loach (Cobitis sinensis) has been studied by light microscopy. Blood samples were collected from 10 fish by caudal vein, smeared and stained with Wright-Giemsa (WG) fluid. Observation of the peripheral blood cells using the microphotography showed that there were six types of cells including erythrocyte, neutrophil granulocyte, eosinophil granulocyte, monocyte, lymphocyte and thrombocyte. The immature erythrocytes were presented in peripheral blood. Amitosis was observed in both erythrocyte and thrombocyte. The thrombocyte and neutrophil granulocyte were abundant in leucocyte, while eosinophil granulocyte was the biggest, and thrombocyte was the smallest. The microstructure of each type of peripheral blood cell was described. The results indicated that the characteristics of the peripheral blood cells in Cobitis sinensis were basically similar to other fishes. Keywords: basic disciplines of fisheries; Cobitis sinensis; bloods cells; microstructure |
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Title: Current situation and prospects of antimicrobial peptide in crustaceans | ||||
Authors: ZHAO Daxian, ZHANG Hao, WU Ping, CHEN Liqiao PP: 1511~1516 Abstract: Antibacterial peptide is a kind of immunological active substance with antimicrobial defense, and is recognized as an important part of non-specific immune system for organism. At present,antibacterial peptides and some low molecular weight peptides are found in insect,amphibian,aquatic and mammalian. These endogenous antibacterial peptides are synthesized by inducement and exert important effect in resisting pathogens. Antibacterial peptides in aquatic crustaceans have great abundance and diversity in their variety, biochemical characterization and molecular structure, and have exhibited critical academic value and applied prospects. This paper mainly introduced the antibacterial peptides that have been discovered and reported in aquatic crustaceans,summarizing their origin and characterization, latest advances on gene cloning and gene expression control, applied prospects and the existing problems on aquaculture. Keywords: fisheries basic disciplines of fisheries; antimicrobial peptide; review; crustacean; immune system |
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Title: Sedimentary microfacies analysis of the FuⅡ oil layer in the south of Zhaoyuan Area in Songliao Basin | ||||
Authors: LIU Minghui, DENG Hongwen, HOU Ziming PP: 1500~1505 Abstract: The study area is situated in the south of Zhaoyuan Area of the Songliao Basin. In structure, it is located in the contact place between the middle downwarping region and southeast uplifted area which are the two first order tectonic unit in Songliao Basin. On the basis of realizing the sedimentary system and tectonics, there are four types of sedimentary facies in the Fu Ⅱ oil-bearing layer located in the south of Zhaoyuan Area of Songliao Basin, including meander channels, crevasse channels, crevasse fans, alluvial plains and shallow lakes, with the methods of analyzing the log facies and observing cores to acquire the types of the rocks, the types of lithofacies, and the features of facies association. Based on these, according to the core microfacies analysis, the shape of sand body and the comparison between the logging profiles and the wells, the drawings of microfaceis in different formations are mapped to illustrate the evolvement and change of different microfacies. This study is important for oil field development. Keywords: geology; Songliao Basin; FuⅡoil-bearing layer; log facies; sedimentary microfacies |
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Title: The implementation of grid file transfer from Surfer to ArcGIS | ||||
Authors: SHEN Lixia, YE Baoying, LIU Wencan, CONG Limin, ZHU Yan PP: 1495~1499 Abstract: Compared with other mapping softwares, Surfer is used more popularly in the geology and ore industry, which provides flexible mapping ways and more interpolating methods, but it can not be transferred completely to ArcGIS. By analyzing the format of the Surfer grid file and the ArcGIS grid file, this paper transferred the grid format in Surfer to the ArcGIS grid format successfully using the Python language, such conversion provides convenience for using Surfer format data in ArcGIS. The aeromagnetic anomalies data of Abaga area in Inner Mongolia was taken for example to prove the conversion between Surfer and ArcGIS using the Python language. Keywords: topography; ArcGIS; Surfer; grid file; format conversion; Python |
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Title: The application of topographic position index algorithm in automatically extracting the shoulder line of valley in hilly loess region | ||||
Authors: ZHANG Yanlin, MA Jinhui, LI Guopeng PP: 1490~1494 Abstract: The shoulder line of valley, namely the boundary between gully and inter-gully, is an important structure line of topography. It is particularly significant in research on topography, soil erosion and conservation, distributed hydrological modeling and so on in hilly loess regions. Therefore, it becomes necessary to extract the shoulder line effectively and automatically based on the digital elevation model (DEM). For this purpose, a new algorithm of topographic position index (TPI) is introduced. The experiment results are compared with the shoulder line sketched by hand based on the DEM with 5 m resolution and the drainage network extracted by RiverTools based on the same DEM. In addition, this paper represents a sensitivity analysis of the experiment results to the DEM resolution and neighborhood size. It turns out that the TPI algorithm can do pretty well in recognizing the shoulder line of valley. Moreover, with different resolution and neighborhood size, the TPI algorithm can obtain different detailed gully systems, micro-ones or macro-ones. Keywords: cartography; the shoulder line of valley; slope position; topographic position index (TPI); digital elevation model (DEM) |
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Title: Development of Beibei tourism information system based on MapX | ||||
Authors: ZHANG Xu, ZHOU Tinggang, LIU Guangpeng, PEI Yanli PP: 1484~1489 Abstract: With the wide application of tourism e-commerce and geographical information system (GIS) technology, various types of tourism information system have emerged as the times require. Taking the Beibei tourism area as an example, having the GIS software as the basic platform and the analysis of the characteristics and application of MapX as the basis, this paper discussed how to use MapX control and Visual Basic language to carry on the re-development and constructed the Beibei tourism information system based on the component technology. Besides the management function as the common systems possess, this system is also provided with the particular functions such as the spatial inquiry and spatial analysis, which are only possessed by GIS. It provides the tourists with the convenience to gain tourism information quickly and accurately, and gifts the traveling control section with the scientific basis to manage information effectively. The establishment of this system has important meaning for accelerating the construction of the tourism brand of Beibei district. Keywords: geography; MapX; tourism information system of Beibei; component technology; object-oriented |
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Title: Research of the intertidal zone of Yellow River delta based on high-resolution remote sensing images | ||||
Authors: LI Dashuai, WANG Ruifu PP: 1477~1483 Abstract: Depending on Erdas and ArcGIS software, this paper carried on the work of image fusion and correction of the multispectral and panchromatic high-resolution images of Yellow River delta, established interpretation symbols of the intertidal zone features on synthetic images which were got, and made a contrast with the thematic mapper(TM) images of the same area. According to the interpretation symbols, it extracted the information of the intertidal zone features of the Yellow River delta and studied the distribution and the feature types, then made its thematic maps. It proposed methods to extract different types of coastlines of Yellow River delta, made the thematic map of coastline change according to the result of different time series extraction of coastline, obtained its developing trend and made a contrast with the existent research. Keywords: physical geography; thematic map; information extraction of intertidal zone; coastline extraction of Yellow River delta |
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Title: Analysis of natural factors influencing blown sand hazards in Beijing | ||||
Authors: LIU Lianyou, SHI Peijun, HU Xia, GUO Lanlan, ZHANG Xiaoxiao, SUN Bingyan, TANG Yan, LIU Tianke PP: 1469~1476 Abstract: In this paper, the natural factors in the farming-pastoral ecotone, which might influence the blown sand hazards in 2000, Beijing, were analyzed. The results indicated that, springtime is the season with highest frequency of erosive wind, the frequency was 39.8%, and the prevailing wind directions were NW, NWW and N, with a frequency of 19.73%, 12.81 and 9.18%. The dominant factors for the intensified sand and dust storms in Beijing might be a favorable wind condition in combination with a durable drought from 1999 to 2000, which led to land surface desiccation, vegetation degradation and land surface mobility. Air pollution index in Beijing is obviously affected by sand blown activities in springtime. Keywords: geography; blown sand hazards; sand carrying winds; rainfall; climatic index of soil erosion by wind |
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Title: Evaluating indicator system for intensive land use of rural residential area | ||||
Authors: WANG Xiuli, ZHENG Xinqi, SU Gaohua, LI Lihua PP: 1460~1468 Abstract: Extensive land use brings about waste of land in rural residential area. Intensive land use in the rural residential area will be very important. Based on research achievements and field surveying at suburb of Beijing, the evaluating indicator system for intensive land use of rural residential area is discussed. According to the principle for selecting indicators, there are four steps to set up indicator system. Firstly, choosing a mass of indicators. Secondly, analyzing and excluding some indicators. Thirdly, expert epagoge. Finally, confirming the final indicators. The indicator system emphasizes social economy, land use, the degree of investment and management. Finally, these indicators are classified into four factor layers and eighteen indicator layers. Keywords: geography; rural residential area; intensive land use; evaluating indicator |
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Title: Morphology dynamics of trough blowout in sandy grassland | ||||
Authors: WANG Shuai, HASI Eerdun PP: 1455~1459 Abstract: Blowouts are the best surface expressions of the aeolian processes responding to regional climatic changes and human activities, it is also the driving force of grassland landscape heterogeneity. When the wind approaches the trough blowout parallel to the throat orientation, the velocity becomes slow because of the expansion, and until jet usually occurs in the 3/4 of the central line of the deflation basin, this is the result of the fact that more and more flow is sucked into the blowout, and the rim of the blowout is usually eroded by this process, therefore flow deceleration and expansion occurs upon the depositional lobe, and the previous condition reoccurs on the crest. When the wind approaches the blowout obliquely, the flow is usually extremely turbulent and large spiral vortices are commonly seen, flow is sucked into the blowout from the sidewall where wind enters, because the erosional wall is very steep, so the flow becomes return flow to erode the entering side wall and make the sands sedimented on the opposite wall. Trough blowout morphologies are explained as a function of these flow patterns. Keywords: physical geography; Hulun Buir sandy grassland; trough blowout; surface airflow |
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Title: A distributed model having lateral flow calculation for soil moisture forecast | ||||
Authors: WANG Jiahu, LI Li, HAO Zhenchun PP: 1449~1454 Abstract: Soil moisture forecast models are very useful in modern agriculture and a distributed one is designed aimed at three shortcomings of traditional ones. Firstly, region is partitioned into groups of cells, which can give a better reflection of spatial difference of surface. Secondly, the lateral flow of soil water is introduced into water balance model of each cell, which leads to better effect in uneven region. Thirdly, equation and parameters of transpiration prediction are studied with local fact data. The model based on the theory above has been validated by observed data of Panzhuang Irrigation Area and a well score has been got. Study shows that in uneven region, a better soil water simalation can be got when lateral flow calculation is added, but further research is recommended before application. Keywords: hydrology; distributed model; soil moisture forecast; transpiration prediction; lateral flow calculation |
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Title: Study on separation and identification of PAHs in various types of oil for screening of oil standard materials | ||||
Authors: XU Hengzhen, YAO Ziwei, ZHOU Chuanguang, SHANG Longsheng PP: 1440~1448 Abstract: The paper established a method for separation and identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various types of oil for screening of oil standard materials by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). By clustering analysis of fuzzy maximum matrix, the prior types of oil optimized for oil standard materials from the common types of oil in China were obtained. The results showed that the recoveries of PAHs in silica gel-alumina column eluted with 80 mL dichloromethane and 80 mL benzene (1 mL/min) ranged from 87% to 120%, which had no significant difference. The recoveries of Daqing crude oil and 10 kinds of PAHs in silica gel-alumina column eluted with 80 mL dichloromethane (1 mL/min) ranged from 75% to 112%, and the RSD of response factors and relative retain time ranged from 7.8% to 16.5% and 0.0% to 5.1%, respectively. The detection limits of 10 kinds of PAHs ranged from 3.1 ng to 37.6 ng. It indicated that the difference in value of λi of the fuzzy maximum matrix between the same kind of oil was less remarkable than that between the different kinds, and it could be used for identification of the common kinds of oils in China. The prior types of oil for the oil standard materials could be optimized by comparing the difference in the value of λi of fuzzy maximum matrix between the extracted oils from seawater and the common kinds of oil in China. Keywords: marine science; oil types; extracted oils; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; high performance liquid chromatography; oil standard materials |
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Title: The comparing and analyzing of visibility between automatic observation and artificial observation | ||||
Authors: ZHOU Jianrong, YANG Rui, MA Xiuqing PP: 1436~1439 Abstract: This paper compares the visibility observed automatically by MITRAS atmospheric transmissometer made by VAISALA Company in Finland with the visibility record of artificial observation, analyzes the difference between these two kinds of observation data, and finds out the relationship between them through statistical analysis. The results show that: 1) when visibility is high, the bias of visibility between automatic observation and artificial observation is large, but the range has no apparent regularity; 2) when visibility is low, the visibility of automatic observation is in accord with the visibility of artificial observation, but the visibility of automatic observation is a little higher than the visibility of artificial observation; 3) when visibility is low, the data of automatic observation is more objective and more representative. Keywords: atmospheric sciences; visibility; automatic observation; artificial observation; data; analyze |
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Title: The error analysis of cloud-top height from stereoscopic observation | ||||
Authors: WANG Hongqing, ZHANG Yan, LIN Yinjing, LV Shenghui PP: 1429~1435 Abstract: The cloud-top height retrieved by stereo measurements only depends on the basic geometric relationships of the observed visible cloud particles, and is independent of the physical presentation of cloud. So, stereo measurements are more reliable than retrieval measurement based on infrared brightness temperature. And the accuracy is possibly increasing, as the quality and resolution of stereoscopic observation are improving. When the cloud-top height is retrieved by stereo measurements, accurate matching of different satellite images is important for improving retrieval accuracy and decreasing error. Based on the spherical and plane triangular relationships of the spacecraft, the center of the earth, the projected-cloud and the true-cloud, several error analyses were done when one pixel was incorrectly matched with different intersection angle of crafts and the same cloud height. The error analysis with the same intersection angle of crafts and different cloud height were also done. Keywords: meteorology; stereoscopic observation; cloud-top height; error analysis |
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