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September 30,2016
Volume 9,Issue 18
Pages -
Subject Area:Air Pollution Prevention and Control Project,Environmental Engineering,Environmental Geoscience,Geology,Energy Storage Technology,Bioenergy,Functional Polymer Materials,Composite Materials

Title: Effect of light intensity and light quality on the growth and carbon fixation of Spirulina platensis

Authors: REN Hongyan, WANG Xuefei, YANG Yujuan, RUAN Wenquan
PP: 1947-1954
Abstract: Light intensity and light quality had great influences on the growth and carbon fixation of microalgae. In this paper, the effect of five different doses of light intensity and five kinds of color on the growth and carbon fixation of S. platensis were studied. The result showed that when light intensity was lower than 3 000 lx, the specific growth rate and carbon fixation rate increased as the light intensity increased and the synthesis of chlorophyll a also was promoted. The biomass productivity reached the peak of 1.847 g/L when the light intensity was 3 000 lx. And the specific growth rate, carbon fixation rate and chlorophyll a content were 0.512 d^-1, 42.524 mg/(L•h) and 6.716 mg/L respectively. When light intensity was higher than 3 000 Lx, the carbon fixation rate gradually reduced as the light intensity increased and the synthesis of chlorophyll a was inhibited. The optimum light intensity is 3 000 lx. Light quality also had a great influence on the growth and carbon fixation of S. platensis. The cell growth was markedly stimulated by the red light. The maximal biomass, carbon fixation rate and content of chlorophyll a were 1.957 g/L, 46.466 mg/(L•h) and 6.962 mg/L, respectively. And they were higher than those under other treatments. In addition, light quality had obvious implications for the crude nutrients of S. platensis. Whereas carbohydrate synthesis rate increased under red light and reached 0.255 g/g(DW). Protein synthesis was markedly stimulated by blue light, and the protein content reached 0.572 g/g(DW). Lipid content reached 0.127 g/g(DW) under white light and somewhat decreased under blue and red light conditions.
Keywords: air pollution prevention and control project; S. platensis; carbon fixation; light intensity; light quality

Title: Effect of teracycline on removal of Cd by Mn-oxide-coated zeolite in wastewater

Authors: WU Kun, LIU Yange, FU Jun, ZHANG Furong, LIU Ting
PP: 1938-1946
Abstract: In this paper, impregnation and oxidation method was used to modify zeolite by loading Mn oxides on its surface for a new sorbent, Mn-oxide-coated zeolite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the new sorbent and explore its adsorption mechanism. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to study the adsorption characteristics from adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, pH values and so on. Both Cd pollutant systems and tetracycline (TC) & Cd conditions are controlled by more than one rate-limiting step. And both Langmuir model and Freundlich model fit for the isotherm data, the Freundlich model fits isotherm better in single Cd situation while the Langmuir model fits better in co-pollution [TC & Cd] situation. In addition, the adsorption of Cd increases at pH=2.0-6.0 both in the situation of the single [Cd] and co-pollution [TC & Cd]. Negative effect of TC was achieved at a pH range of 2.0-3.0 and positive effect at pH=4.0-6.0.
Keywords: environmental engineering; adsorption; Mn-oxide-coated zeolite; cadmium; tetracycline

Title: The characteristics and driving factors of the heavy metals vertical distribution in the sewage-irrigated soil in Tongzhou Plain, east suburb in Beijing

Authors: ZHAO Ye, YUAN Jing, YANG Xu, ZHOU Lingyun, HU Hongxia
PP: 1930-1937
Abstract: In order to get information about the heavy metals concentration vertical distribution characteristics of the sewage-irrigated soil in Tongzhou plain, east suburb in Beijing. One typical soil profile was selected after comparing multiple soil profiles. Then the data of the typical soil profile was analyzed on the basis of relevant research and historical data. The results indicated that heavy metals were accumulated at the middle and bottle part of the soil in sewage-irrigated area. The contents and distribution feature were related with the soil growth characteristics. The concentrations of the Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Co, Cd and Cr were higher than the global soil background values, originated from the loses and silt sediments. There were a lot of layer systems with paleosol humus layer and sandy loam layer alternately because of the environmental change from 3 750 a B.P. The heavy metals accumulation was not driven by depositing during the soil development period. The main reason for this result was mainly on account of the coupling driving factors between the special soil body construction and the sewers with no seepage-proofing method, which was built in 1950s.
Keywords: environmental geoscience; soil of sewage-irrigation area; vertical distribution of heavy metals; development characteristics of soil

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Title: Strain Measurement Analysese in Matrix of Rectangular boudinage Structures in Tieshan, Southeast Hubei,China

Authors: LI Shaofan, ZENG Zuoxun, ZHOU Hongzhi
PP: 1910-1921
Abstract: Using rectangular boudinage structures with similar boudins in the same layer in this area, through finite strain measurement at different microdomains of its matrix with inertia moment ellipse method. This study proved that rectangular boudinage structures in this location were formed due to comprehensive effects of similar thickness of matrix layers above and below the boudin, pure shear with extension parallel to the layer and with contraction perpendicular to the layer in most parts of matrix layers and competent layer’s vertical direction is squeezed. Besides, the hydrothermal flow concentrated relatively in hornfel layers near straight-shaped cracks also played a significant role. Characteristic features during the formation of rectangular boudins similar in shape and continuous in competent layer manifest in two aspects, namely, on the one hand, similar thickness between matrix layers, and on the other hand, the combined action of the sustained pure shear with extension parallel to the layer and with contraction perpendicular to the layer in most parts of matrix layers.
Keywords: geology; rectangular boudinage; finite strain measurement; strain analysis; Tieshan in southeast Hubei

Title: Analysis of Energy Storage Principle and Stability on Large Spiral Spring

Authors: MI Zengqiang, TANG Jingqiu
PP: 1904-1909
Abstract: Mechanical elastic energy storage technology is a kind of mechanical energy storage technology with large spiral spring as the key energy storage part. This paper exploudes the energy storage principle of this technology, analyzes the characteristics of the spiral spring’s structure, researches the mechanics condition of the spiral spring, and analyzes the relation between the working operation torque and the structure sizes taking the spiral spring as example. According to the mechanics condition of spiral spring in energy storage process, this paper analyzes the stability of the spiral spring and the possibility, calculates the stability with the work torque, gains the eigenvalue and load coefficient of the instability of spiral spring with the finite element numerical analysis method, and analyzes the results.
Keywords: energy storage technology; mechanical elastic energy storage; spiral spring; stability

Title: Effects of electron acceptors on photosynthetic hydrogen production

Authors: YANG Honghui, BAI Li
PP: 1893-1903
Abstract: Electron acceptors could regulate the redox photential of the photofermentation cultures, and therefore promote the utilization of high reducing substrates. In this paper, electron acceptors, including DMSO, NaHCO3, NaNO3 and O2 were studied on their effects on the photofermentative hydrogen production performance of Rhodobacter sphaeroides HY01. When the dose of DMSO, NaHCO3 and O2 was 4 mmol/L, 2 mmol/L, 0.25%, the maximum hydrogen production rate was enhanced by 5.95%, 9.04%, 7.22% respectively, and the maximum hydrogen yield was enhanced by 14.12%, 4.10% and 7.30% respectively. The pH value of the reaction solution can be stabilized at 7.50 in the condition of suitable electron acceptor addition, which is the optimum pH value for the hydrogen production of nitrogenase. The results suggest that the photofermentative hydrogen production performance could be enhanced by adding proper ammount of electron acceptors.
Keywords: secondary energy; energy microbe; photosynthetic bacterium; photofermentative hydrogen production; electron acceptor

Title: Multi-phase catalytic particles preparation for supercritical water fludized bed

Authors: ZHAO Xiao, JIN Hui, WU Zhenqun
PP: 1886-1892
Abstract: There is numerous biomass in China, which is usually for direct combustion leading to low energy efficiency and severe pollution. As a high-efficiency conversion method, biomass for catalytic hydrogen production in supercritical fluidized bed has been a hot research for several years. Supercritical water fluidized bed enhances the heat and mass transfer. Meanwhile, a proper catalyst is essential. In this paper, we used supercritical hydrothermal method to break limits of conventional catalyst synthesis method. Ni, Co, Zn and Cu metal elements are loaded on TiO2 particles which are proven to be steady in supercritical water. And nano particles are successfully made. Based on gas chromatographic/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis methods, it turns out that metal catalysts have a uniform spherical structure with diameter around 30 nm. Ni catalyst shows the best stability. Metal catalysts synthesized with supercritical hydrothermal method shows outstanding catalytic effects.
Keywords: bioenergy; supercritical water fludized bed; supercritical hydrothermal; heterogeneous catalyst; nano particles

Title: The Fabrication and Properties Reinforcement of Reaction Bonded Boron Carbide/Silicon Carbide Composite Ceramic With Low Residual Silicon

Authors: SONG Suocheng, BAO Chonggao, WANG Keke
PP: 1879-1885
Abstract: In order to improve the mechanical properties of the composite ceramic, short carbon fiber was introduced into the composite ceramic. The porous self-supporting interpenetrating network structure proved beneficial for the silicon infiltration process. When the volume fraction of carbon fiber is less than 30%, carbon fiber has a complete reaction. The volume of residual silicon of the composite decreased to 4.5% (volume fraction) and flexural strength is 473 MPa. When the volume fraction of carbon fiber is 40%, carbon fiber has a partial reaction and performance reduction. The fracture toughness is 5.8 MPa•m1/2; There are two kinds of core-rim structures: α-SiC and β-SiC, B4C and B, C, Si ternary phase; By reinforcing particle, promoting silicon infiltration and reducing residual silicon content, B4C improves the mechanical properties of the composite.
Keywords: inorganic non-metallic materials; reaction bonded;carbon fiber; low residual silicon content; core-rim structure; mechanical properties

Title: Solvothermal Synthesis of [C3H12N2]0.5[Y3F10]:Yb/Er with Upconversion Fluorescence

Authors: CAO Weigang, XIA Junhan, DENG Jinxia, XING Xianran
PP: 1874-1878
Abstract: In this paper, [C3H12N2]0.5[Y3F10]:Yb/Er has been successfully synthnsized by solvothermal, using 1,3-propanediamine as structure-direct agent. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimentry (TG-DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). It was found that the sample had octahedral morphology with microsize, and performed upconversion fluorescence. The upconversion luminescence was investigated under 980 nm laser excitation, which mainly contains green emission, and red emissions. And the intensity of the green emissions was stronger than that of red emissions.
Keywords: inorganic nonmetallic materials; rare earth fluoride; upconversion luminescence; organic-inorganic hybrid compounds

Title: Influence of the Purity of Raw Material Mn on the Magnetocaloric Effect of Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.74Ge0.26 Compounds

Authors: LIU Danmin, MENG Qingpu, ZHANG Zhenlu, WANG Shaobo
PP: 1868-1873
Abstract: MnFePGe compounds combine with excellent magnetocaloric performance and easily available raw materials which are expected to scale up for room-temperature magnetic refrigerant materials. But the costly high-purity raw materials make their applications inconvenient. How to cut the cost without affecting their performances is our purpose. In this paper, Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.74Ge0.26 compounds with 99.99%, 99.6% and 99% purity of Mn powders were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering, and the influence of Mn powders, purity on magnetocaloric effect was investigated. It showed that the Mn powders with low purity had no great influence on magnetocaloric performance. Thus considering the cost saving, properly lowering the purity of Mn powders is good to the practical applications.
Keywords: metallic magnetic materials; MnFePGe; magnetocaloric effect; low purity Mn powder

Title: Study on New Halogen Free Flame Retardance Polystyrene Foam Ⅲ： Synergistic Effect of Melamine Resin and Sing Burning character of Halogen Free Flame Retardance Polystyrene Foam

Authors: CHEN Xue, BAI Shibing, LIU Yuan, WANG Qi
PP: 1858-1867
Abstract: Although halogen free flame retardant expandable polystyrene (EPS)/macromolecular nitrogen-phosphors intumescent flame retardant (MNP)/expandable graphite (EG) foam has better flame retardancy, there exists some shortages such as low mechanical properties, smoldering etc.. In this article, melamine resin (MT), which can improve the compatibility between MNP/EG and EPS particles and the flame retardancy of EPS foam, was introduced into EPS/MNP/EG system and the EPS/MNP/EG/MT foam with better flame retardancy and mechanical properties was prepared. Also, single burning item (SBI) of halogen free flame retardant polystyrene foam was investigated. The results showed that MT could improve the interaction between EPS particles and MNP/EG, and the bend and compressive strengths of EPS foam were increased. At the same time, MT could improve the structure of char layer, enhance the char strength, and strengthen the effect of condensed phase, resulting in better flame retardancy. SBI test indicated that the peaks of heat release rate (HRR) and smoke production rate (SPR) of EPS/MNP/EG/MT foam were delayed about 430 s and 230 s respectively, compared to neat EPS foam, which provided times for personnel evacuation and fire fighting in the fire disasters.
Keywords: functional polymer materials; melamine resin; halogen free flame retardance; polystyrene; foam; single burning item

Title: Synthesis and characterization of water-borne blocked HDI micelles with N-methylaniline

Authors: SUN Jipeng, CAO Xinxin, LU Mengke, YUE Jianfeng, SU Yao, LIU Dan, GU Jiyou, LI Zhiguo
PP: 1850-1857
Abstract: In this paper, the water-borne polyurethane micelles blocked by N-methylaniline had been successfully synthesized with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG1000) as raw materials, and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) as chain extender. The de-blocking performance and colloidal stability of the prepared micelles had been investigated. Moreover, the effect of R-value and DMPA content on de-blocking property, viscosity, stability and particle size had also been discussed. The experimental results showed that the de-blocking temperature of the blocked polyurethane micelles was 100℃. When R=2.2, DMPA=6% the particle size and corresponding polydispersity index was 28 nm and 0.256, respectively. Meanwhile, the prepared emulsion was translucent and pale yellow liquid, which can be stable for more than 6 months.
Keywords: composite material; water-borne polyurethane; micelles; de-blocking; stability

Title: Effect of Skeleton Structure on the Properties of Mo/Cu Composites by Infiltrating Molten Cu into Flame-sprayed Prous Morous Mo Flame-Sprayed by Semi-molten Particles

Authors: YAO Jiantao, LI Yi, LI Changjiu, YANG Guanjun, LI Chengxin
PP: 1840-1849
Abstract: In this paper, Mo/Cu composites with high copper contents were manufactured by infiltrating molten copper into flame-sprayed porous molybdenum. Through sintering porous Mo flame-sprayed by following reduction treatment, the effect of the skeleton structure of porous Mo on the properties of the resultant Mo/Cu composites was examined. Results showed that molten copper can effectively infiltrate into flame-sprayed porous Mo to form dense Mo/Cu compoiste. Many small Mo particulates are satellited around large Mo particles in the Mo/Cu composites made from the as-reduced porous Mo, while the Mo/Cu composites made from the post-reduction sintered porous Mo present clear interfaces between Mo and Cu, which has a higher hardness. We found that the thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion of Mo/Cu composites increased with the increase of the Cu content and test temperature as well. With post-reduction sintering treatment to flame sprayed porous Mo, the Mo/Cu composite presents a lower thermal conductivity and higher coefficient of thermal expansion than that from as-reduced.
Keywords: composite material; porous Mo; Mo/Cu; melt infiltrating; microstructure; flame-spray

Title: Preparation of heparin-dextran based hydrogel

Authors: NIE Jingjun, XU Fujian, LI Yang
PP: 1834-1839
Abstract: Heparin and Dextran are natural polysaccharides’s exhibiting excellent bio-activates. By the chemical modifications of these polysaccharides’ backbones, hydrazide and aldehyde groups were introduced to Heparin and Dextran respectively. Then, a kind of negatively charged three dimensional networking hydrogel was prepared via Schiff-base reaction of these two modified polysaccharides. The properties of resulting hydrogels were well characterized and showed efficient stability. Subsequently, methylene blue was used as a drug model to evaluate the release rate. The release profile indicated superb stability as well as loading efficiency, which proved that such hydrogel is a suitable candidate as drug delivery vectors.
Keywords: Hydrogel；Heparin；Dextran；Drug delivery vectors

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