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December 30,2015
Volume 8,Issue 24
Pages -
Subject Area:Composite Materials,Atmospheric Environmentology,Environmental Planning,Environmental Protection Engineering,Environmental Engineering,Enviromental Management, Environmental Economics, Environmental Law,Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Medicine,Environmental Biology,Environmental Ecology

Title: Effect of carbon nanotubes on phase change materials

Authors: NI Zhuo, ZENG Yinyin, RONG Junni, KUANG Zicong, LIAO Junquan
PP: 2613-2620
Abstract: Carbon nanotubes were added to both sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate and myristyl alcohol to prepare composite phase-change energy storage materials. Chemical constituents and surface morphology of these materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope respectively while latent heat and phase change temperature were tested through differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results showed that the carbon nanotubes and the phase change materials were well mixed in a physical way and dispersed in the composite materials evenly. The addition of carbon nanotubes had an effect on the phase change temperature and heat-storage for those materials. The higher the content of carbon nanotubes, the narrower the melting process of the composites, the higher of the latent heat and the sensitivity of the composites. The composites prepared in this study has a good storage stability, which can be used for designing energy storage materials.
Keywords: composite materials; carbon nanotubes; phase change materials; heat-storage

Title: Preparation of butterfly wing structured three-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride and its characters of isopropyl alcohol photocatalytic degradation

Authors: XU Jun, YAN Runyu, ZHOU Han, FAN Tongxiang
PP: 2605-2612
Abstract: We report a novel two-step replication method for the facile synthesis of three-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) by using three-dimensional butterfly wings (Papilio nephelus) as templates. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption/desorption measurements are applied for the characterization. Furthermore, the gaseous photocatalytic isopropyl alcohol (IPA) degradation activities are investigated. The results show that the main evolution products are CO2 and acetone, the CO2 evolution activity of butterfly wing structured three-dimensional carbon nitride is about 2 times higher than that of bulk carbon nitride, the reason is due to the higher surface area and three-dimensional hierarchical structures which is favorable for light harvesting and gases diffusion and adsorption. In the meanwhile, the photocatalyst has good cycling ability.
Keywords: composite materials; butterfly wing structures; three-dimensional architectures; graphitic carbon nitride; photocatalysis

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Title: Buffer ability and kinetics of heavy metal release in suburban outfall sediments of industrial oasis region

Authors: ZANG Fei, WANG Shengli, NAN Zhongren, WANG Depeng, REN Yemeng, WANG Yu, CHEN Yazhou
PP: 2593-2598
Abstract: The buffer ability in sediments with acid and base, and the releasing kinetics of Cu and Zn in sediments at the acidic condition in suburban outfall of industrial oasis region (taking Baiyin city as a case) were studied. The results showed that the base buffer ability was less than the acid buffer ability, the acid buffer ability of S3 and S5 was stronger than other samples, the base buffer ability of S2 and S6 was stronger than other samples. The kinetics of Cu and Zn release was biphasic: the quickly releasing phase, and the releasing balance phase, and the amount of release decreased with the extension of time, the releasing balance time of Cu was about 8 h, and the releasing balance time of Zn was about 12 h.
Keywords: soil environmentology; sediment remediation; heavy metals; buffer ability; kinetics

Title: Adsorption of molybdate on red soil and mechanism study

Authors: ZENG Zhihao, WANG Guo, WANG Mingguang
PP: 2587-2592
Abstract: Through batch experiments, we study the molybdenum adsorption process on the red soil with different initial concentrations and competitive anions. And, using kinetic equations and isothermal adsorption models, we analyze the mechanism of MoO42- adsorption. The results show that molybdenum adsorption on red soil increases with the increasing initial MoO42- concentrations. Anionic competitive adsorption with MoO42- follows the order as: PO43->SeO32->SO42->Cl->NO3-. Mo kinetic adsorption processes follow the LJ and pseudo-first order kinetics equations. In the range of experimental concentration, soil-molybdenum adsorption isotherm fits the Freundlich model. We conclude that molybdate adsorption on red soil may be a complex adsorption process with both chemical reaction and physical adsorption.
Keywords: soil environmentology; isothermal model; kinetics equation; MoO42-; soil

Title: Ecological and economic evaluation of urban metabolism system based on ecological thermodynamics: a case study of Beijing

Authors: LIU Gengyuan, LIU Xinyu
PP: 2578-2586
Abstract: This paper proposed a framework for urban metabolism process simulation from anabolic, catabolic and regulating metabolic processes after simulating biological organisms and analyzing the connotation and characteristics of urban metabolism. In addition, the material, energy and currency flows in the urban metabolism system were accounted and the socio-economic as well as environmental conditions in Beijing were assessed from the biophysical perspective. The results shows that: from 1999 to 2006, the energy flow and intensity in Beijing are increasing dramatically and the urban metabolism is highly dependent on the nonrenewable resources purchased from outside. The nonrenewable resources bought from outside is mainly from other provinces, which shows Beijing is increasingly dependent on the resources in China.
Keywords: environmental project; urban metabolism; energy; Beijing

Title: Gold mining influence on soil and water conservation in western Inner Mongolia grassland

Authors: LI Xianbo, GUO Xueru, ZUO Rui, WANG Bin, LIU Li
PP: 2570-2577
Abstract: Urad front banner in Bayannaoer city is a typical desert ecological fragile area with serious soil and water loss due to the mining activities. Based on a local gold mine as an example, under the background of soil and water loss, causes of soil and water loss in the mining area are analyzed. Meanwhile, the effects and harms of gold mining on regional soil and water conservation are determined. Then, this paper establishes reasonable and comprehensive soil and water conservation engineering measures and vegetation measures for achieving coordinated development of ecological benefits and economic benefits of gold mining.
Keywords: environmental protection engineering; soil and water conservation; ecological fragile area; gold mining

Title: Vacuum ultraviolet photocatalytic degradation of gaseous benzene using TiO2 modified by transition metals

Authors: HUANG Haibao, ZHAN Yujie, XU Ying, HUANG Wenjun, ZHANG Lu, FENG Qiuyu
PP: 2561-2569
Abstract: A series of transition metal modified TiO2 were developed by sol-gel method，scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods were utilized to analyze the structure, size, morphology of catalysts. The influence of operating parameters such as humidity, flow rate and initial concentration of benzene on the 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet photocatalysis oxidation process was studied. The photocatalysis performance of 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet photocatalysis was compared with the 254 nm ultraviolet phtotcatalysis under the same operating parameters. The photocatalytic performance and ozone catalytic oxidation performance of TiO2 doped with different transition metals were studied. The results show that the highest photocatalytic oxidation efficiency of benzene under vacuum ultraviolet irradiation reaches 58% with 1%Mn-TiO2, which is over 20 times higher than that under 254 nm UV irradiation, and ozone can be compeletely eliminated. It can achieve photolysis, photocatalytic and catalytic ozonation activities. ·OH dominates benzene oxidation in the vacuum ultraviolet photooxidation process.
Keywords: environment engineering; vacuum ultraviolet photocatalysis; TiO2; transition metal

Title: Trends analysis of ecological environment security based on DPSIR model in the coastal zone of Tianjin

Authors: SHAO Chaofeng, GUAN Yang, LIU Can
PP: 2550-2560
Abstract: With taking full account of the formation mechanism of environment risks and the requirements of the ecological environment protection of the coastal ecological, through “driving force-pressure- state-impact-response (DPSIR)” model framework, this paper selected 26 indicators as the systematical index system for coastal ecological security level measurement, and established a comprehensive evaluation model. The research results show that the security level of Tianjin coastal ecological environment show a overall downward trend, coastal ecological environment security value (E) has fallen from 0.749 1 in 2005 (in good condition) to 0.277 3 in 2010 (in a poor state). The increasing using intensity of coastal areas, the growing population and the growth of pollutants that emitted into the sea are objective reasons leading to environmental degradation of coastal ecosystems. At present, the marine ecosystem conservation actions include pollution control, monitoring and surveillance system, emergency management mechanism are not enough to offset the impact of the driving force and pressure changes to the marine ecosystem. It’s necessary to establish coordinated integration management system of land and sea and ecological compensation mechanism, carry out ecological damage compensation and coastal marine repairing engineering and promote industrial upgrading to enhance the security level of the coastal ecosystems.
Keywords: environmental management; driving force-pressure-state-impact-response model; ecological security assessment; evaluation index system; environmental management; Tianjin

Title: Effect of cerium on hatching of fertilized eggs and tadpoles of bullfrogs

Authors: ZHANG Shanshan, HU Ansheng, GUO Zhenbin, WANG Li
PP: 2546-2549
Abstract: This study observed the effect of rare earth Ce in water on bullfrog hatching and growth of tadpole fertilized eggs. The results show that with 2.0-6.0 mg/L concentration of Ce3+, the hatching rate increases with the increasing concentration, and the incubation time decreases, the tadpole survival rate increases, and hind limb buds grow time is shortened. When the concentration of Ce3+ is greater than or equal to 8.0 mg/L, the hatching rate and survival rate decreased, and the incubation time and hind limb buds germination time are prolonged, so the best Ce3+ incubation concentration is 6.0 mg/L. Therefore, we conclude that the optimal concentration of tadpoles of is 2.0-6.0 mg/L.
Keywords: environmental toxicology; cerium; bullfrog; fertilized eggs; tadpole

Title: Study of the extraction methods of tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances extracted from activated sludge and biofilm

Authors: ZENG Ni, CHEN Youpeng, LIU Jiajing, WANG Yilu, ZHAO Shangyu
PP: 2539-2545
Abstract: In this study, the tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) of the activated sludge and biofilm from a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) system and the activated sludge from a denitrification process of a anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A/A/O) system were extracted by four physical extraction methods [cationic exchange resin (CER), heating, steam and ultrasound]. The functional groups of the TB-EPS were analysed by Raman spectrometry. Constitutes of the TB-EPS were investigated by the determination of its protein, polysaccharide, humic acid and DNA contents to analyze the advantadges and disadvantages of the four extraction methods. The results showed that the Raman spectra of TB-EPS differed with the different extraction methods. Proteins and polysaccharides were found to be the main components in the TB-EPS from the CANON system, however, the main components in the TB-EPS of denitrification activated sludge were protein and humic acid. The yields of the TB-EPS extracts were strongly dependent on the extraction methods adopted and the attached type of microbial aggregates. CER was the most effective method in extracting TB-EPS from both sludge and biofilm samples of CANON system, whereas the better extraction methods for the TB-EPS from denitrification activated sludge samples were heating and steam.
Keywords: environmental biology; tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances; activated sludge; biofilm; Raman spectrymetry; extraction methods

Title: Study on the heterotrophic cultivation optimization of Chlorella sp.

Authors: HUANG Jia, ZHANG Wenjun, LIU Jun, LI Yanpeng
PP: 2530-2538
Abstract: To examine the effect of glucose, KNO3, KH2PO4 and MgSO4 on the growth of Chlorella sp., single factor and orthogonal experiments were employed to determine the optimum condition of heterotrophic cultivation. Results showed that on the basis of BG11 culture medium with the condition of glucose 20 g/L, C:N 3:1 (mass ratio), KH2PO4 0.05 g/L, MgSO4 0.15 g/L, Chlorella sp. obtained the maximum biomass 4.45g/L .The research provided basis for heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sp.
Keywords: environmental biology; Chlorella sp.; heterotrophic; optimization

Title: Research progress on ecological remediation of coastal waters

Authors: GAO Qiang，GOU Lufeng，GAO Lehua
PP: 2522-2529
Abstract: Affected by human activities and climate change, coastal waters ecosystems have been seriously damaged. The exhaustion of marine biological resources has become the most important marine ecological problems, threatening the sustainable development of coastal economic issues. For acute problems faced by coastal ecosystems, this paper reviewed the marine ecological restoration research progress in plant, micro-organisms and biotechnology, discussed the existing problems and shortcomings of these measures. At the same time, this paper pointed out that, on the basis of full use of ocean self-repair capability, we should strengthen remediation, restoration and other artificial engineering measures to accelerate the recovery of the marine ecosystem functions. Finally, we made outlook for trends of coastal waters ecological restoration technology.
Keywords: environmental ecology; coastal waters; review; ecological remediation; micro-organism; plant

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