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ISSN 1674-2850
CN 11-9150/N5
 
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November 15,2015
Volume 8,Issue 21
Pages -
Subject Area:Food Biochemistry,Food Nutriology,Forest Protection,Breeding for Diseases and Pests Resistance,Crop Cultivation,Agricultural Entomology,Agricultural Biochemistry
 
Title: Preparation of a novel calcium supplement and its absorption characteristic
Authors: LI Meiliang, ZHOU Kai, ZHAO Guanghua
PP: 2292-2302
Abstract: In this work, we prepared a novel class of calcium supplement of soluble and edible Ca-ferritin complexes through incubating with calcium ions to strengthen the calcium content in food. As an alternative to other organic and/or inorganic carriers, protein nanocages were found to provide a unique vehicle of biological origin for the intracellular delivery of calcium ions for supplementation. Such encapsulation can protect calcium ions within protein cages against dietary factors such as tannic acid (TA), oxalic acid (OA), and other divalent metal ions in foodstuffs. We demonstrated that the Ca-ferritin complexes can be absorbed by Caco-2 cells through a process where a TfR1 receptor is involved, which is different from the receptor (DMT1) of free calcium ions, indicating that the calcium ions encapsulated in supramolecular protein cages can be internalized by the Caco-2 cells through a different pathway from its free analogs for calcium supplementation. In consequence, the Ca-ferritin complexes can be used as an novel calcium supplement which is efficient.
Keywords: food biochemistry; Ca-ferritin complexes; Caco-2 cells; calcium absorption; TfR1; calcium supplement
 
Title: Effects of different doses of resveratrol on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed with high-fat diet
Authors: SONG Yu, WANG Yan, SUN Linjie, SHI Yonghui, LE Guowei
PP: 2284-2291
Abstract: To investigate the impacts of different doses of resveratrol (RSV) on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD) induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed with normal diet (normal diet, ND), HFD control (high fat diet, HF), HFD+0.04% (mass percent) RSV (HFL) and HFD+0.08% (mass percent) RSV(HFH). Mice were sacrificed after 17 weeks. Liver histological analysis was performed by microscopy. Plasma and hepatic lipid profile and lipid metabolism related genes were measured. Compared with the ND group, the levels of total triglyceride (TG), total-cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly elevated in the plasma of HF mice. Supplemented with 0.04%RSV was more effective than 0.08%RSV in reducing the levels of TG, TC and ALT, and improving the level of HDL-C. RT-PCR results showed that the gene expressions of fatty acid synthetase (Fas), sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were significantly up-regulated, while adenosine-5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) and b2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) were greatly down-regulated in HF mice. HFL mice had low expressions of Fas, SREBP1c and ACC gene, and high expressions of b2-AR and CPT1 gene. Treated with 0.08% RSV had no remarkable effect on the expression of b2-AR and CPT1 gene, while the expressions of Fas, SREBP1c and ACC gene were higher compared with HFL group. Thus, these results indicated that for a HFD caused by lipid metabolism disorders and NAFLD, 0.04%RSV was more effect than 0.08%RSV, which may be due to the effects of RSV on lipid metabolism were closely related to the dosage of RSV.
Keywords: food nutriology; resveratrol; mice; lipid metabolism; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
 
Title: Rapid identification of Arhopalus foveicollis (Cerambycidae: Asemini) by using species-specific PCR technique
Authors: ZHENG Sizhu, XU Mei, YANG Xiaojun, AN Yulin
PP: 2279-2283
Abstract: In the present study, a method with Arhopalus foveicollis as target and 14 other kinds of species of Asemini as reference was described on the development of DNA markers for rapidly identifying A. foveicollis for the problem of fast recognition between species of Asemini and A. foveicollis. A pair of universal primers was designed based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences using species-specific COI (SS-COI). Using the universal primers (J1718/N2191) of Coleoptera, the mtDNA COI genes of A. foveicollis and its similar species were amplified and sequenced. And then one pair of SS-COI primers (WGF1/WGR1) was designed, which was amplified a single band of 254 bp. The results showed that only COI gene of A. foveicollis specimens were detected with 254 bp. The diagnostic PCR assay developed here provides a quick, simple and reliable molecular technique for the identification and monitoring of A. foveicollis, which will be useful in intercepting and blocking the further spreading of A. foveicollis.
Keywords: forest protection; Arhopalus foveicollis; Asemini; species-specific PCR; molecular detection; rapid identification
 
Title: Recognition and identification of Brontispa longissima (Gestro) and Octodonta nipae (Maulik)
Authors: CHEN Jun, ZHANG Xiang, TANG Baozhen, HOU Youming, YANG Li
PP: 2271-2278
Abstract: To accurately identify Brontispa longissima (Gestro) and Octodonta nipae (Maulik), their morphological characteristics were compared through the microscope observation. Results showed that there were significant differences between B. longissima and O. nipae in morphological characteristics. B. longissima had larger egg-width and shorter egg-length, and its eggs were arranged in one line, while O. nipae’s eggs were in a double-line arrangement; B. longissima showed a larger size in body length of mature larvae and pupae, but a shorter pupal width; eight obvious denticulation existed in pronotum of adult for O. nipae, while only six for B. longissima. The present results should facilitate rapid and effective identification, and pave the way for the researches of the occurrence and damage for these two invasive pests.
Keywords: plant protection; Brontispa longissima (Gestro); Octodonta nipae (Maulik); morphological characteristics; identification
 
Title: Effects of larval density on immune capacity of oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata)
Authors: MAO Nian, WANG Cheng, KONG Hailong
PP: 2265-2270
Abstract: To investigate the effects of larval density on immune capacity of the oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata), total hemocyte counts, activities of phenoloxidase and lysozyme of the larvae reared at the densities of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 30 larvae per jar were tested in the laboratory, temperature was (23±1)℃, photoperiod (L:D) was 16:8, relative huminity was 70%-75%. The results showed that total hemocyte counts and phenoloxidase activitiy of larvae were significantly affected by larval density. Total hemocyte counts significantly increased with increasing larval density. Total hemocyte counts of larvae at the density of 5 larvae per jar were significantly higher than that of larvae at densities of 1, 2 larvae per jar. Meanwhile, total hemocyte counts at the density of 30 larvae per jar were significantly higher than that of larvae at densities of 1, 2, 5, 10 larvae per jar. The trend of the activitiy of phenoloxidase with larval density was slightly different from the total hemocyte counts. Phenoloxidase activity in larval haemolymph significantly increased with increasing larval density as the larval density was no more than 10 larvae per jar and it significantly declined at the density of 30 larvae per jar. In addition, larval density had no significant effect on lysozyme activity. These results suggest that the larval density can affect total hemocyte counts and phenoloxidase activitiy in larval haemolymph, and this impact in turn can affect immune capacity of oriental armyworm.
Keywords: plant protection; Mythimna separata; larval density; phenoloxidase activitiy; lysozyme activitiy; total hemocyte counts
 
Title: Visualization analysis of research literatures on crop pest sustainable management in China
Authors: LIAN Qin, YU Chaowei, WU Zujian
PP: 2258-2264
Abstract: To understand the research situation of crop pest sustainable management in China, in this paper, we drew the map of knowledge papers on crop pest sustainable management by using information visualization software CiteSpace. Results show that an elementary systematic research network has been formed on crop pest sustainable management domestically, and the research focuses mainly on the concept and technology of crop pest sustainable management, and the research trend of practical technology is appeared. But there are also problems such as low density of network density, loosen research network, no high hot spots and so on. The research on crop pest sustainable management should enhance the research strength, expand its breadth and depth, and build the perfect research network.
Keywords: phytopathology; crop pest sustainable management; CiteSpace; visualization analysis; research issue
 
Title: Distribution of late blight resistance genes in different potato cultivars
Authors: GUAN Yajing, ZHANG Yan, CHENG Yongfang, SHI Lei
PP: 2251-2257
Abstract: In order to find these late blight resistant genes in 20 potato cultivars that used for cultivation and breeding in Ningxia, we designed specific primers for resistance gene such as StR1, StR3a, StRpi, StR1A3, StRB, StRPM1, StRIN4, StPK1, used RT-PCR, PCR methods and QIAxcel automatic DNA/RNA system, to determine these potato cultivars. We clarified the distribution of these resistance genes in different potato cultivars in this paper. The results indicate that the potato cultivars with more resistance gene are more survivable than the rest of potato cultivars, and sequence alignment analysis shows that these resistance genes are all very conserved. This work provides a molecular basis for late blight resistant potato breeding and screening.
Keywords: breeding for diseases and pests resistance; potato; late blight disease; resistance gene
 
Title: Establishment of hairy root transient transformation system in citrus
Authors: BAI Fuxi, PAN Zhiyong
PP: 2247-2250
Abstract: In order to overcome the low efficiency and long period of regeneration of citrus genetic transformation, Agrobacterium rhizogenes MSU440 was employed to infect the radicle of P. trifoliate, then hairy roots were induced and transformed roots were fast distinguished by the expression of red fluorescence protein. Hairy roots showed red fluorescence under fluorescence microscope, which illustrated that T-DNA region of the vector had been transformed to hairy root successfully. In this study, chimeric plants that contained transgenic roots were obtained in two months and the transformation efficiency was 29.8%, which provides a fast and efficient method for function analysis of genes related to citrus root development and symbiosis.
Keywords: pomology; citrus; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; hairy root; transient transformation
 
Title: Effect of exogenous salicylic acid on microbial community function diversity and metabolism activity of grape planting soil
Authors: LI Kun, WANG Bo, XIE Honggang, GUO Xiuwu
PP: 2241-2246
Abstract: In order to study the regulatory mechanism of salicylic acid on microbial community, we used rhizosphere soil of pot culture with Beta (Vitis riparia譜. labrusca Beta) grapevine cuttings planted on (Group 1) and bulk soil without grapevine cuttings (Group 2) as research subjects under rain-shelter condition. Different concentrations salicylic acids (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 mg/g) were applied into the soils of Group 1 and Group 2. Soil microbial function diversities and metabolism activities in two kinds of soil were assessed by Biolog-ECO microplate, and amino acid concentrations in root exudates of Beta cuttings were determined by automatic amino acid analyzer. The results showed that salicylic acid could change the microbial function diversities and metabolism activities of two soils, and the function diversity and metabolism activity in soil (except for 1.50 mg/g treatment) with grapevine cuttings planted on (Group 1) were higher than that in soil without grapevine cuttings (Group 2), which showed a strong rhizosphere effect. Meanwhile, the result of amino acid determination showed that salicylic acid could increase the amino acid content in grape root exudates with the prolongation of treating time. There were existing differences on soil microbial metabolism activities between Group 1 and Group 2. Low concentration of salicylic acid (0.25, 0.50 mg/g) could enhance soil microbial metabolism activity in Group 1, however decreased it in Group 2. The results indicated there might be some interaction between salicylic acid and root exudates, which further influenced the microbial metabolism activity.
Keywords: pomology; microbial metabolism activity; Biolog-ECO technique; grape; autotoxin
 
Title: Prediction and evolution of integrase of LTR retrotransposons in ‘Suli’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia white pear group)
Authors: JIANG Shuang, CAI Danying, LUO Jun, TENG Yuanwen
PP: 2237-2240
Abstract: In order to further understand the inner domain of the long terminal repeated (LTR) retransponsons in ‘Suli’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia), different types of integrase in the whole genome of ‘Suli’ pear were predicted by bioinformatics methods. A total of 346 integrase amino acid sequences were obtained. The cluster analysis indicated that there were seven lineages of integrase in ‘Suli’ pear. Sequence alignment showed two conserved regions, one is D*GGE in the middle of the sequences, the other is NG*AE in the end. The main part of sequence are not conservative, suggesting a high heterogeneity in integrase sequences, which may indicate the origin of LTR retrotransposons in ‘Suli’ pear genome were complicated.
Keywords: pomology; integrase; prediction; Pyrus pyrifolia; retrotransposons
 
Title: Effects of different vernalization days on flowering of different lines in Chinese cabbage
Authors: QI Xianhui, LI Gaizhen, SUN Mengxia, HOU Leiping, GAO Meiying, LI Meilan
PP: 2229-2236
Abstract: To understand the mechanisms underlying the floral development in Chinese cabbage, four inbred lines ‘3#’, ‘7#’, ‘8#’ and ‘9#’ were used in this study. The seedlings of these lines were treated at 4℃ for 10, 20 and 30 d respectively. The state of flower bud differentiation and appearing, blossom in different lines were observed to study the effects of different vernalization days on blossoming in Chinese cabbage. The results showed that the initiation period of flower bud differentiation and appearing, blossom were opposite with the extension of treatment time, and the number of leaves during the stage of flower bud differentiation and appearing were reduced. After cold treatment for 30 d, ‘3#’ and ‘7#’ were full blossom, 28.6% of the ‘8#’ plants bolted but did not blossom, ‘9#’ only completed the flower bud differentiation but failed to bolt. The results suggested that the winterness difference of these lines was significant, the winterness of ‘9#’ was the strongest, ‘8#’ was somewhat weaker, and ‘3#’ and ‘7#’ were the weakest. In the research of mechanisms underlying the floral development, ‘3#’and‘7#’ can be used, and the treatment time under low temperature for promoting flowering is 20 d, while ‘9#’ can be used for a comparative research, however the treatment time is 30 d at least.
Keywords: olericulture; Chinese cabbage; vernalization; lines; flowering
 
Title: Study on spatial distribution of seed grain weight on Cistanche deserticola inflorescence
Authors: ZHENG Lei, ZHAO Min, WANG Xinhong, GUO Yuhai
PP: 2223-2228
Abstract: Cistanche deserticola was used to study the spatial distribution of seed grain weight on the C. deserticola inflorescence. The results showed that: 1) The biomass on middle and lower part of inflorescence increased 37.6% and 81.0% than the upper part of inflorescence; 2) The total accumulation of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) on middle and lower part of inflorescence increased 33.5% and 58.8% than upper part of inflorescence, while the accumulation of NSC in seed on middle and lower part of inflorescence increased 65.7% and 71.0% than upper part of inflorescence; 3) The seed grain weight on middle and lower part of inflorescence increased 54.3% and 58.7% than upper part of inflorescence, while the contribution rate for seed yield per plant increased 13.3% and 14.2%; 4) Compared with the upper part of inflorescence, the proportion of large seeds (seed size> 0.7 mm) increased 8.0% and 11.5%, the proportion of small seeds (seed size<0.5 mm) reduced 3.1% and 5.6%, the 1 000-grain weight increased 18.5% and 21.2%, the seed plumpness increased 6.7% and 8.9%, the seed germination rate increased 18.0% and 25.3%. These findings suggested that the difference of nutrient supply among different parts of the inflorescence caused the vertical distribution differences of seed grain weight on the C. deserticola inflorescence.
Keywords: crop cultivation; Cistanche deserticola; inflorescence; seed
 
Title: Study on correlation between maize leaf angle and root penetration angle
Authors: WANG Juhui, CHENG Zixiang, XIU Wenwen, JIANG Qian, XIE Ruizhi, ZHANG Fenglu
PP: 2216-2222
Abstract: In order to understand the relationship between maize root morphology and aboveground leaf angle, the growth and development of maize stem and leaf and grain yield of the varieties from different eras were studied by lysimeter method under enough water irrigation conditions. The root penetration angles of different root layers of different varieties were measured at harvest time. The results showed that, the yield of maize increased continuously with the changes of variety, leaf angle was reduced gradually, the average root penetration angles were also reduced gradually, and they showed high positive correlations. The changes of maize configurations both above and under ground were benefit for creating a population with high density and high yield. The results of this study have important significance to guide the water saving and high yield maize breeding and cultivation practices.
Keywords: crop cultivation; maize; leaf angle; root angle; varieties of different eras; yield
 
Title: Bioinformatics analysis of peptidoglycan recognition proteins in Plutella xylostella
Authors: LIANG Hao, HUANG Bin, HOU Youming
PP: 2209-2215
Abstract: To study the function of peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) in Plutella xylostella L. further, we predicted and analyzed their physical and chemical properties, subcellular location, conserved domains, secondary and tertiary structure of protein and amidase functional sites by bioinformatics tools. The results showed that there were five S-type and four L-type out of the nine PGRP. They located in cytoplasm, cytomembrane, and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Distribution of active sites in the 6 PGRP genes of P. xylostella are similar with Samia ricini, Helicoverpa armigera, Ostrinia nubilalis, Galleria mellonella and Antheraea mylitta, respectively. The results of sequence alignment suggest that there are different functions in each PGRP of P. xylostella.
Keywords: agricultural entomology; Plutella xylostella; peptidoglycan recognition protein; bioinformatics
 
Title: Chlorogenic acid content determination and ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology research on maize leaves
Authors: LIANG Yongfeng, SUN Peng
PP: 2203-2208
Abstract: Objective: This paper presents to study on the best extraction technology of chlorogenic acid in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. Methods: The content of chlorogenic acid was determined by an ultraviolet- visible spectrophotometric method. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction of chlorogenic acid in maize leaves was optimized by a single factor test and an orthogonal experiment. Results: Chlorogenic acid extraction rate in maize leaves was 2.153%; the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ultrasonic irradiation time was 100 min, volume fraction of ethanol was 70%, ultrasonic power was 80 W, liquid and material ratio (mass:volume) was 1:20, respectively. Conclusion: Chlorogenic acid content in maize leaves is high, and can be used as one of the sources of chlorogenic acid.
Keywords: agricultural biochemistry; extraction process; ultrasonic method; chlorogenic acid; maize leaves