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ISSN 1674-2850
CN 11-9150/N5
 
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May 15,2015
Volume 8,Issue 9
Pages -
Subject Area:Basic Subject of Food Science and Technology,Garden Botany,Agricultural Regionalization,Agricultural Engineering,Horticulture,Crop Physiology
 
Title: Sliver nanoparticles preparation and detection of antioxidant 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
Authors: WANG He, ZHANG Guowen
PP: 984-989
Abstract: Silver nanoparticles were prepared using AgNO3 and 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (TBMP) as reducer under the existence of protecting reagent polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). The experimental conditions including reaction time, temperature and the concentrations of NaOH, PVP and AgNO3 were studied. The results indicate that the temperature of 75℃ and the concentrations of NaOH at 2.4×10^4 mol·L^1, PVP at 2.6×10^4 mol·L^1 and AgNO3 at 1.4×10^4 mol·L^1 were the optimum to synthesize the nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that the nanoparticles were spherical shape and exhibit better properties such as dispersed well, smaller particle size, and uniform distribution. It is found that the silver nanoparticles had an UV-visstrong absorbance band in the range of 400~450 nm, and the concentration of the antioxidant TBMP is proportional to the spectral intensity. The absorbance of silver nanoparticles is used to the quantitative determination of TBMP, which the detection limit is 0.21 mg·L^1.
Keywords: basic subject of food science and technology; silver nanoparticle; 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; chemical reduction; quantitative application
 
Title: Rheological properties of blend spinning solution of wheat protein /PVA
Authors: LIU Cuiqing, MA Xiaojun
PP: 978-983
Abstract: The wheat protein solution was mixed with a certain proportion of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and then its rheological properties were measured of blend solution using rotational rheometer. Protein content, spinning solution concentration and temperature’s effects on the blend solution’s non-Newtonian index and the structural viscosity index were studied. The results show that the blend solution of wheat protein/PVA belongs to shear thinning fluid, besides, with the increase of the concentration of solution and the increase of protein content, the non-Newtonian index decreases, and structural viscosity index rises, while the spinnability of the blend liquid drops. The effect of temperature on the rheological properties of the blend solution shows that the non-Newtonian index is higher when wheat protein and PVA is just mixed, but after a period of time, the non-Newtonian index declines, even improving the temperature of the blend solution, the non-Newtonian index is not up to that value. And on the whole, with the increasing of temperature, the non-Newtonian index of the blend solution increases, and structural viscosity index declines.
Keywords: processing and utilization of by-product of food processing; wheat protein; polyvinyl alcohol; blending; non-Newtonian index; structural viscosity index
 
Title: Virus-induced gene silencing
Authors: ZHANG Hongyi, BAO Manzhu, HE Yanhong
PP: 968-977
Abstract: Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a technology that exploits an antiviral defense mechanism. We summarized VIGS ranging from the development, the routine experiment procedure, the merit and demerit, the recent application in functional genomics studies to a few possible research direction in order to provide references for peers in plant gene functional analysis and new gene searching.
Keywords: garden botany; virus-induced gene silencing; review; mechanism; gene function analysis
 
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Title: Problems and development methods of grape industry in Huailai county based on SWOT analysis
Authors: WANG Biwei, YIN Baozhong, ZHANG Yuechen
PP: 955-960
Abstract: In order to further promote the development of grape industry in Huailai county, based on the natural conditions, the development of science and technology, industrial competitiveness and enterprise development, we used SWOT analysis to analyze the existence of grape industry in Huailai county in the development of the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and threats, and put forward the changes of planting pattern, countermeasure and suggestions to improve fruit quality, to extend the industrial chain and to improve the wine base interest connection mechanism for the future development of grape industry in Huailai county.
Keywords: agricultural regionalization; industrial development; SWOT analysis; grape industry; problems; countermeasures
 
Title: Design of remote information acquisition system based on GPRS and internet of things
Authors: ZHAO Wenfeng, YANG Zhou, HE Zhuobin
PP: 948-954
Abstract: By the application internet of things, using general packet radio service (GPRS) module transmitting data by short message way, combined with LPC2132 ARM7 processor, serial camera and all kinds of sensors, the remote information data monitoring terminal system is realized. Using LabVIEW software, the PC monitoring platform is formed, which can accept and send all kinds of information and instructions. By sharing and analyzing those data, the combination of remote data acquisition and GPRS wireless data transmission technology is realized. The experiment results show that the system can achieve good agricultural information remote monitoring, provide decision-making basis for agricultural production management and provide application and industrialization base for protection of the water environment using internet of things.
Keywords: agricultural engineering; general packet radio service; ARM; internet of things
 
Title: Finite element analysis of bionic plough based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA software
Authors: LIN Yulong, YIN Lijuan
PP: 940-947
Abstract: In order to improve the cultivating quality, this paper proposes a kind of bionic plough, takes Gryllotalpa’s claw toes of its front feet as the bionic object, establishes the three-dimensional model of bionic plough using Pro/E, performs the traditional plough and bionic plough finite element simulation contrast experiment of cutting soil and mechanical properties using ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Based on the simulation results, the maximum Von Mises stress, the deformation, total cutting resistance and support reaction of the bionic plough are less than the traditional plough’s, correspondingly the safety factor is higher than the traditional plough’s. Compared with the traditional plough, bionic plough has better drag reduction capability and mechanical properties, which can reduce energy consumption and improve the scarification efficiency.
Keywords: agricultural engineering; bionic plough; finite element simulation experiment; cutting resistance; mechanical properties
 
Title: Research on hydraulic performance of pressure regulator for two-ways flow in micro-irrigation
Authors: GUO Lin, BAI Dan
PP: 933-939
Abstract: Micro-irrigation two-ways flow pressure regulator is a new kind of device for steady flow and pressure regulating. In order to study the hydraulic performance of the pressure regulator, choosing 6 key factors from the structural parameters and arranging 10 structural parameters schemes to study flow index and flow coefficient with uniform design method. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Fluent 6.3 is adopted to simulate the flow rate value for different pressures, the 3D models are built by AutoCAD technology. Based on the flux of pressure regulator under different pressures, flow index and flow coefficient can be obtained by using multivariable linear regression method, and then regression equations can be built. The flow index of two-ways flow pressure regulator is in the range from 0.395 to 0.497, whose hydraulic performance is good. The results regressed by multivariable linear regression method about hydraulic performance of pressure regulator to all of the 6 structural parameters have the higher relativity and notability at α=0.01 significance level. According to the t-test analysis, the width of the middle orifice and side wall distance in these parameters is the biggest and least influence factor to the hydraulic performance. Furthermore, the effect of the hydraulic performance on two-ways flow pressure regulator is researched, which provided a theoretical basis for development and application in engineering.
Keywords: agricultural engineering; micro-irrigation; two-ways flow; pressure regulator; hydraulic performance; numerical simulation
 
Title: Cloning of aquaporins PIP gene family from Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. and expression under boron stress
Authors: LUO Qing, YAN Tingshuai, LI Qiaohong, YANG Chengquan, PAN Zhiyong, LIU Yongzhong, PENG Shu’ang
PP: 920-932
Abstract: In order to study the relationship of aquaporins PIP gene family and boron transportation in trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], ten numbers of PIP subfamily gene were cloned which included three PtrPIP1s subgenes and seven PtrPIP2s subgenes and analyzed by using bioinformatics. We found that PtrPIP1s and PtrPIP2s genes were located at two different large branches in phylogenetic tree, and their amino acid sequences were consisted of six transmembrances and two conserved NPA (Asn-Pro-Ala) motifs while PtrPIP1;3, PtrPIP2;5 and PtrPIP2;7 gene consisted of four transmembrances and one conserved NPA motif. The real time-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis of PtrPIPs gene family in different organs under boron stress were studied, which responded mainly in root, then in stem and leaf (only PtrPIP2;7), respectively. All PtrPIP2s genes responded strongly to boron stress whereas PtrPIP1s responded slightly to it. The relative expression levels of PtrPIP1;2 genes were mainly in stem among PtrPIP1s genes. Among PtrPIP2s genes, the highest relative expression of PtrPIP2;2 and PtrPIP2;3 gene were in root under boron deficiency and high boron stress, respectively. The PtrPIP2;4 gene was in stem under boron stress, which was in accordance with its organ specificity. The highest relative expression of PtrPIP2;7 gene was in leaf under high boron stress, which was in stem under boron deficiency. So we conclude that the members of PtrPIPs gene family maybe participate in the process of responding to boron stress, which provides theoretical basis for further clarifying the molecular mechanism of responding to boron stress in citrus.
Keywords: pomology; Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf.; PtrPIPs; gene family; boron stress; real time-PCR
 
Title: Molecular identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in citrus
Authors: SONG Fang, WANG Min, PAN Zhiyong
PP: 915-919
Abstract: We investigated the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community component in the roots and rhizosphere soils of citrus heterografts (mandarin orange as scion and Poncirus as rootstock) in the orchard located in Huazhong Agricultural University. Through the sequencing of AMF 18S SSU rRNA frangments amplified from roots DNA samples, we totally obtained 120 AMF sequences. Then we assigned these sequences against MAARJAM database, and a total of 92 effective sequences from 2 genus (Glomus and Paraglomus, corresponding to 8 species) were obtained. It is notable that 85% of all the 92 sequences were belonged to Glomus AMF Afrothismia foertheriana symbiont VT111 (species). In addition, a total of 47 spores from 5 genus (Ambispora, Paraglomus, Glomus, Claroideoglomus and Archaeospora, corresponding to 7 species) were isolated from rhizosphere soils based on morphology observation and molecular identification, 75% of which were belonged to Ambispora AMF Ambisporaceae Ambispora leptoticha VT242 (species). The results indicated that the dominant AMF in citrus roots and rhizosphere soils were belonged to Glomus and Ambispora, respectively. Our study preliminarily identified the dominant AMF genera in the roots and rhizosphere soils of citrus plants in Huazhong Agricultural University, which would provide a solid basis for the screening and purification of dominant AMF for citrus industry.
Keywords: horticulture; citrus; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; dominant bacteria
 
Title: Study on the growth characteristics of Cistanche tubulosa seedling in autotrophy period
Authors: XIE Qiulin, ZHAO Min, MIAO Zhongqin, GUO Yuhai
PP: 907-914
Abstract: Objective: The study is aimed at exploring the growth speed, morphological characteristics and turgor of Cistanche tubulosa seedling in autotrophy period. Methods: Growth speed of germ tube was measured directly, the morphological characteristics of germ tube was observed by using microscope, turgor was obtained by calculating the difference of water potential and osmotic potential. Results: 1) The growth trend of germ tube is “slow-fast-slow”, the growth speed of germ tube after radical breaking the peel 3, 9 and 15 days are 0.10, 0.60 and 0.05 mm·d^1, respectively and the length of germ tube reaches 5.0 mm eventually. 2) The thickness of germ tube is “thin-thick-thin” in growth, the diameters of germ tube are 0.15, 0.20 and 0.15 mm respectively 3, 9 and 15 days after radical breaking the peel. 3) The turgor of germ tube and haustorium is increased in growth. The turgor of germ tube in initial stage, metaphase and primary haustorium are 1.613, 1.834 and 2.150 MPa separately. Conclusion: The growth period of C. tubulosa seedling can be divided into three stages: slow elongation, fast elongation and haustorium swell. The turgor is increased significantly with germ tube elongation and haustorium swell.
Keywords: crop physiology; growth characteristics; direct measurement; Cistanche tubulosa; turgor
 
Title: Morphology and histology of alimentary system of white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera)
Authors: WANG Haitao, MAO Qianzhuo, JIA Dongsheng, LIAO Zhenfeng, WEI Taiyun
PP: 899-906
Abstract: The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the morphology and ultrastructure of digestive system of white-backed leafhopper (Sogatella furcifera). The gross morphology of the alimentary canal consists of esophagus, anterior diverticulum, midgut and hindgut. Esophagus and anterior diverticulum belongs to the foregut and in which the intestines cell layer is thin, less contents, oval nucleus; peritrophic membrane is thicker, and the microvilli structure packs closely like rods; cell differentiation degree is high; there are a pair of malpighiantubules as a boundary between midgut and hindgut, and the hindgut has great muscle layer and more organelles such as mitochondria, rectum consists of typical epithelial cells, the nucleus is relative small. These results will lay a theoretical foundation for the study of viruses in the white-backed planthopper infection mechanism.
Keywords: phytopathology; white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera); alimentary canal; internal morphology; ultrastructure
 
Title: Research on phylogenetics of the mating type gene MAT1-2 in ascomycetes
Authors: JIA Dongmei, WANG Xueliang*, SHI Yang, ZHANG Xianghui, ZHANG Yanhua, SUN Fengjie, PAN Hongyu
PP: 892-898
Abstract: Based on the cloned Sclerotinia sclerotiorium mating type gene MAT1-2, this study generated a phylogenic analysis by PAUP* with other 79 mating type genes containing HMG-box domain from fungi. Through phylogenetics analysis on the level of nucleotide and amino acid and comparative study under the latest Deep Hyphae (2006), it is found that the evolutionary phylogenic tree constructed illustrates basically the same evolutionary relationship with that in traditional classification, and the function of mating type gene MAT1-2 is relatively conservative during the evolutionary process. The result is helpful to the study of cloning, phylogenetic classification and anagenesis of other mating type genes in ascomycetes. Moreover, it has great significance on the phylogeny, disease prediction and prevention caused by S. sclerotiorum.
Keywords: phytopathology; ascomycota; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; MAT1-2; phylogenetics
 
Title: Subcellular localization and function analysis of proteins encoded by rice stripe virus in Sf 9 cells
Authors: CHEN Hongyan,WEI Taiyun,JIA Dongsheng
PP: 885-891
Abstract: In vivo subcellular localization of the proteins encoded by rice stripe virus (RSV), a tenuivirus, in Sf 9 of Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells was analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Our results show that NS2 was associated with the plasma membrane. Partial proteins from N-end (NSvc2-N) localized to the vesicle-like inclusions in the cytoplasm. NSvc3, a ribonucleoprotein, was aggregated to form punctate inclusions in the cytoplasm. NS4 was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm. NSvc4 formed filament-like inclusions which emerged from the cell surface. The subcellular localization of proteins encoded by RSV in insect cells reveals their putative functions in insect vector.
Keywords: phytopathology; rice stripe virus; Spodoptera frugiperda cells; subcellular localization
 
Title: Advances in research on rice ragged stunt virus
Authors: DING Zuomei, ZHANG Chao, WU Zujian, WU Jianguo
PP: 878-884
Abstract: Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) is a pathogen of rice ragged stunt disease, one of the most serious viral diseases of rice. RRSV is a well-established Oryzavirus species in the family Reaviridae. It is transmitted by brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, also in a persistent propagative manner and can replicate in both host of rice and insect vector. RRSV has a complex multi-component particle bearing spike on its outer surface and its genome contains 10 segments of double strand RNA (dsRNA). In this review, we summarized recent findings on RRSV research, especially focused on viral characteristic, such as virion, viral genome, viral proteins, BPH characteristics and the control measures of this disease and some problems that encountered during studies of RRSV proposed.
Keywords: phytopathology; rice ragged stunt virus; review; Nilaparvata lugens; double strand RNA; control measures