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ISSN 1674-2850
CN 11-9150/N5
 
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October 15,2014
Volume 7,Issue 19
Pages -
Subject Area:Food Inspection,Agricultural Engineering,Horticulture,Garden Botany,Forest?Management,Chemical Processing of Forest Products
 
Title: Determination of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine and Nε-(carboxyethyl) lysine in meat product by SPE-LC-MS/MS
Authors: GAO Chang1, HE Zhiyong2, ZENG Maomao2, CHEN Jie
PP: 1986-1991
Abstract: In this paper, a reliable method based on solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) was developed to determine two typical advanced glycation end products(AGEs), namely Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) in meat products. Sample was reduced by sodium borohydride after removing lipid. After hydrolysis, sample was cleaned up by Oasis MCX SPE cartridge. Then the sample was separated by X-Bridge C18 column with acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L nonafluoropentanoic acid aqueous solution as mobile phases. LC-MS/MS analysis was conduct using electron spray ionization (ESI) in the positive ion mode (ESI+) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, and was quantified by stable isotope dilution method. The limit of detection ranged from 0.13 μg/g to 0.28 μg/g. The average recovery of CML and CEL of meat products at three spiked levels ranged from 88.57% to 103.15% with relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 4.34% to 13.72%. Several kinds of commercial meat products were detected, and both CML and CEL were found in all of the meat products. The highest contents of CML and CEL were detected in dried meat floss (81.71 μg/g) and dried pork slice (112.43 μg/g), respectively.
Keywords: food inspection; advanced glycation end products; solid-phase extraction; liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry; meat product
 
Title: Detection of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish tissue by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: LIU Xin, YAO Yongqing, LI Pei, CHEN Ying, DING Hongliu, JI Lijun, YAO Weirong
PP: 1978-1985
Abstract: A reliable analytical method was developed here for seven hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) in fish. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE)was employed with n-hexane/acetone(the volume ratio was 1:1), and solid-phase extraction(SPE)were used for cleaning-up the extract of fish. The final extract was identified and quantified by liquid chromatography coupled with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) with external standard method. The recoveries of the spiked standards ranged from 71.11% to 99.30%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.35% to 18.41%, the method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from 0.10 to 0.25 ng/g (dry weight). Eight kinds of fish were detected with this method for OH-PBDEs. The results showed that seven substances were all detected, of which 6-OH-BDE-47 and 2’-OH-BDE-68 were higher levels, 3.00 ng/g (dry weight) and 1.85 ng/g (dry weight), respectively.
Keywords: food inspection; OH-hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers; liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry; fish tissue
 
Title: Suitable technical parameters of surface watering device for surface fertigation system
Authors: JIANG Hongan, LIU Yuchun, PAN Qiuyan, XIA Hui, WU Xianbing, ZHANG Xiping
PP: 1972-1977
Abstract: A surface fertigation system is put forward to improve facilities to increase water and fertilizer use efficiency of crops for surface irrigation. The surface fertigation system is composed of four parts i.e. intake pipe, fertilizer applicator, water delivery pipe and surface watering device. The surface watering device is a kind of distributive hose with several water outlets in a fixed spacing, and is linked with water delivery pipe and is used to distribute water to furrow field or irrigation ditch. On the basis of the practical experience on border and furrow irrigation, the technical parameters of surface watering device, including spacing, flow and diameter of outlet pipe, flow and diameter of the distributive pipe, were analyzed in this paper. For the outlet pipe, the suitable spacing and length was respectively 20-500 and 10-100 cm, and the appropriate flow and diameter of the outlet pipe was respectively 0.1-18.0 L/s and 11-152 mm. The flow and diameter of the distributive pipe lie on the flow of water sources and the outlet pipes working together. This study can provide support for the popularization and application of surface watering device in agricultural production.
Keywords: agricultural engineering; surface watering device for surface irrigation; comprehensive analysis; technical parameters; flow; pipe diameter
 
Title: Measurement and analysis of physical parameters of living Chinese Hickory tree
Authors: XIE Qizhi, HE Leiying, WU Chuanyu
PP: 1966-1971
Abstract: The study of Chinese Hickory tree’s dynamic characteristics will help to achieve adaptive vibration harvesting of fruits. The object of this paper is to obtain the physical parameters of Chinese Hickory tree including density, dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio, which can provide effective parameters for dynamic analysis of Chinese Hickory tree. Through the cantilever vibration testing and stress wave experiments of branches, two dynamic elastic modulus named Ev and Es were obtained respectively. Results showed that it was difficult to establish a certain relationship between Ev and Es, because the influences both by the nodes and moisture are unclear. This indicates that it is impossible to estimate the dynamic elastic modulus Es, which is used for dynamic analysis, from measuring the velocity of stress in the Chinese Hickory tree.
Keywords: agricultural engineering; Chinese Hickory tree; elastic modulus; vibration in cantilever beam; stress wave
 
Title: Occurrence and control measures for Dendrothrips minowai Priesner in Nanchang county
Authors: JIANG Xinfeng, YANG Puxiang, SHI Xuping, LI Wenjin, LIU Wei, ZHANG Yao
PP: 1963-1965
Abstract: Objective: In order to provide references for effectively controlling Dendrothrips minowai Priesner on tea plants, improving tea plants quality, and guaranteeing healthy development of tea plants industry in Nanchang county. To observe the occurrence regularity of D.minowai Priesner and to conduct the chemical control test. Methods: Occurrence time and characteristics, damaged position, and regularity of D.minowai Priesner were recorded. 2.5%cyhalothrin EC, 150 g/L indoxacarb EC, 240 g/L chlorfenapyr SC and nicotine-biphenyl acetamiprid were used for controlling D.minowai Priesner in Jiangxi Demonstration Park for Modem Agriculture of Nanchang city from 2010 to 2012. The effect of cyhalothrin EC and chlorfenapyr SC were above 90% , But other pesticides could not achieve this effect,indoxacarb EC and nicotine-biphenyl acetamiprid could reach 80% after 14days. Conclusion: 2.5% deltamethrin EC, 240 g/L could provide for good prevention and control of tea stick bug mite acrylic SC thrips.
Keywords: tea science; tea plants; Dendrothrips minowai Priesner; Nanchang county
 
Title: Effects of different vernalization days on flowering of different varieties in pak choi
Authors: FU Chao, SONG Hongxia, HOU Leiping, LI Meilan
PP: 1957-1962
Abstract: A flowering system of pak choi was established with ‘Hangzhou Youdonger’, ‘75#’ and ‘78#’ three varieties (lines) as the materials, the germinated seeds were treated at low temperature for 10, 20, 30 d respectively. Then the initiation time and leaves number at budding, flowering initiation and half flowering time and budding rate at designated time were investigated to research the effect of different vernalization days on flowering of different varieties in pak choi. The results showed that the treatment time under low temperature for promoting flowering of ‘Hangzhou Youdonger’ and ‘75#’ was 20 d, while the ‘78#’ was 30 d. Comparing the flowering performance of three varieties after cold treatment for 20 d, ‘Hangzhou Youdonger’ and ‘75#’ were similar, while the flowering time of ‘78#’ was later 13 d than the ‘Hangzhou Youdonger’and 16 d than ‘75#’ , so the first two varieties (lines) were more suitable than the latter to the flowering research in pak choi.
Keywords: horticulture; flowering; vernalization; pak choi; variety
 
Title: Pugionium dolabratum Maxin. seeds during the development
Authors: KONG Dejuan, ZHANG Fenglan, HAO Lizhen, YANG Zhongren, TIAN Murong
PP: 1949-1956
Abstract: The relationship between the desiccation tolerance of Pugionium dolabratum Maxin. seeds and the antioxidant system was analyzed. P.dolabratum Maxin. seeds during the development were dehydrated, and the changes of moisture contents, germination rate and relevant index to antioxidant system were measured. The results showed that: from 40 to 60 days after flowering (DAF), the moisture content of P.dolabratum Maxin. seeds decreased gradually, but the dry weight increased. At 50 DAF, the seeds could germinate and the germination rate was 20%. Dehydration enhanced the germination rate, when the moisture content of seeds decreased to 12% and 5% with silica gel dehydration, the germination rate was up to 55% and 42% respectively. The activity of peroxidase (POD) decreased gradually during the development of P.dolabratum Maxin. seeds, but the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and lipoxidase (LOX) increased. With the increase of the DAF in the dehydration process, the activity of POD decreased gradually, while the activity of CAT and LOX increased, but the activity of SOD decreased firstly and then increased. With the increase of the DAF, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and O-2 generation rate in P.dolabratum Maxin. seeds with dehydration and no dehydration increased, but the increased in 50 and 60 DAF seeds during the dehydration process were less than 40 DAF. The P.dolabratum Maxin. seeds had acquired desiccation tolerance at 50 DAF, and the desiccation tolerance was more compared with P.cornutum seeds.
Keywords: olericulture; Pugionium dolabratum Maxin.; development; desiccation tolerance; antioxidant system
 
Title: Effects of Bt rice on population dynamics of the main non-target pests and natural enemies in outdoor fields
Authors: WANG Yangyang, LIN Sheng, YOU Minsheng
PP: 1942-1948
Abstract: In this study, the population dynamics of main non-target pests and natural enemies between transferred cry1Ab rice (B4b92) and non-transgenic isoline 86 (MH86) were compared using vacuum-suction machine. The results showed that the population dynamics of main non-target pests (i.e. planthopper nymphae, mixed planthopper population, leafhopper nymphae, mixed leafhopper population) in B4b92 fields were not significantly different from those in MH86 fields during the most of sampling dates. There was no significant difference on the spider population. However, parasitoid wasp population in B4b92 fields was significantly lower than that in MH86 fields during peak period. The results indicate that B4b92 couldn’t make the non-target pests outbreak in a short period, and could not damage the populations of natural enemies.
Keywords: plant protection; cry1Ab; non-target effect; natural enemy; ecological risk assessment
 
Title: Molecular phylogenetic relationships of Trichiaceae
Authors: WANG Wan, LI Shu, WANG Qi, QI Bao, LI Yu
PP: 1937-1941
Abstract: The genomic DNA was extracted from the fruiting body of Trichiaceae (Trichia viria, Trichia favoginea, Arcyria occidentalis), and SSU rDNA fragments was obtained by PCR amplification which were compared with registered sequences of myxomycetes of Trichiaceae. Molecular phylogenetic tree was established based on the maximum likelihood (ML), and their phylogenetic relationships relative to other Trichiaceae species were discussed.
Keywords: plant protection; Trichia viria; Trichia favoginea; Arcyria occidentalis; rDNA; phylogeny
 
Title: Cloning and preliminary functional analysis of 12 genes encoding RXLR secreted proteins from Phytophthora infestans Heilongjiang isolates
Authors: WANG Jiao, DONG Ran, WU Sisi, DING Xinhua, CHU Zhaohui
PP: 1930-1936
Abstract: In this study, 12 RXLR genes were randomly selected as candidates to clone their homologues from Heilongjiang isolates (HLJ isolates) according to sequenced genome of T30-4 strain. Total 12 candidates were successfully amplified from HLJ isolates. Five out of 12 candidates shared the same sequence with their homologues from T30-4 strain. Seven candidates were identified to harbor nucleotide changes which represented the gene mutation ratio as 58.33%. Six out seven mutated genes were found to result in one to five amino acids substitution. Based on transient expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana, the function of total 12 RXLR effectors were also have been preliminary analysed. None of them could be activated hypersensitive response (HR) when they were expressed in N.benthamiana. However, when they were co-expressed with INF1 in N.benthamiana, only PITG-21645.2 was identified to suppress the HR triggered by INF1. There has one amino acid substitution between HLJ and T30-4 isolates in PITG-21645.2. And the results indicated that this point mutation will not influence the suppressor ability. These results have provided the initial experimental basis for exploring the pathogenicity of RXLR effectors with our national isolates of Phytophthora infestans.
Keywords: plant pathology; potato; Phytophthora infestans; secretion protein; programmed cell death; suppressor
 
Title: Effects of NH4NO3 addition on nitrogen transformation and N2O emissions in different soils
Authors: XU Xiaying, GAO Bing, JU Xiaotang
PP: 1921-1929
Abstract: Illustrating the process of soil nitrogen (N) transformation and N2O generation could help us design N2O mitigation strategies. An experiment was carried out in fields of fluvo-aquic soil, purple soil and acid red soil different in land use, i.e. paddy field, vegetable garden, tea garden and forest, to study effects of application of NH4NO3 on soil N transformation, N2O and CO2 emissions under constant temperature and soil moisture, using the static incubation-gas chromatograph method. Results show that the mineralization capacity of purple soil is larger than that of the fluvo-aquic soil and red soil vegetable garden and paddy field, and the mineralization capacity of the latter three is similar. The mineralization capacity of red soil different in land use show the sequences of forest>paddy field and vegetable garden>tea garden, and the mineralization capacity of red soil forest is higher than purple soil and fluvo-aquic soil. The application of NH4NO3 significantly accelerated N2O emissions from nitrification in calcareous soil and purple soil. No significant N2O emissions after application of NH4NO3 on acid red soil is different in land use, due to nitrification and the generation of N2O is controlled by low soil pH. The stimulation of NH4NO3 on N2O and CO2 emissions is in the sequence of purple soil>calcareous soil>red soil. Calcareous soil and purple soil have larger N2O reduction potential than acidic red soil, and controlling the process of nitrification is the effective measure for reducing N2O emissions.
Keywords: plant nutrition; soil types; land use pattern; N2O; CO2
 
Title: Functional characterization of LFY homologous gene promoter from London plane (Platanus acerifolia Willd.)
Authors: LU Shunjiao, YI Shuangshuang, LI Zhineng, LIU Lei, ZHANG Jiaqi, BAO Manzhu, LIU Guofeng
PP: 1913-1920
Abstract: LEAFY (LFY) is the floral meristem identity gene that plays a key role in flower bud differentiation and flower development. To investigate the feasibility of using London plane LFY homologous gene promoter (pPlacLFY) to create transgenic sterile plants, two expression plasmid vectors pPlacLFY::GUS and pPlacLFY::BARNASE were constructed and then transformed into tobacco plants. Histochemical staining and protein quantitation assays for GUS (beta-glucoronidase) activity of T1 transgenic tobacco plants with pPlacLFY::GUS were investigated, which indicated that the GUS gene were highly expressed in all reproductive organs of transgenic plants including the sepals, petals, stamens, carpels and fruits, with the strongest expression in the fruits. GUS expression was also evidently detected in young leaves, stems and shoot tips, but not in old leaves and roots. Transgenic tobacco plants with pPlacLFY::BARNASE frequently showed inhibited growth and development, such as growth retardation, curled leaves, yellowing leaves, or shriveled stem tips. Most of them finally died before up to flowering. These results suggest that the LFY homologous gene of London plane is not only expressed highly in reproductive organs but also in vegetative tissues, so its promoter will not suitable for using directly in genetic engineering of sterility. The results also imply that the PlacLFY gene may play some important roles in vegetative organ development except for their functions during flower initiation and development.
Keywords: garden botany; Platanus acerifolia; LEAFY; promoter; BARNASE; steriltiy
 
Title: Study on optimal diameter and height distribution of poplar plantation
Authors: HUA Weiping, JIANG Xidian, CHI Shangping, LI Xiaowei, JIANG Hua, LI Pei
PP: 1907-1912
Abstract: In the paper, the poplar plantation was taken as the study objects, and 5 distribution models were used to fit diameter and height distribution of the poplar plantation. The results showed that Weibull distribution model was the best one to describe the diameter and height distribution of the poplar plantation. With the model of the relations between diameter and height, the Weibull diameter distribution was used to export height distribution, and the results was passed by Chi-square test.
Keywords: forest management; poplar plantation; diameter distribution; height distribution
 
Title: Characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization in a Chinese-fir plantation after the extremely heavy glaze and snow storms
Authors: XIE Xinyun, ZHAO Hongfei, SHI Wentao, XU Xiaoniu
PP: 1900-1906
Abstract: In order to reveal the impact of heavy snow-storm on nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems, the characteristics of soil N mineralization in a 13-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. plantation with different (slight, moderate and severe) damages were studied over two years. The results showed that the rates of net N mineralization of 0-20 cm mineral soil for the differently damaged stands were order as severe>moderate>slight damage. The rates of nitrification were significantly increased for the moderately and severely damaged stands after the snow storm. The nitrification rates in the moderately and severely damaged stands accounted for 63.7% and 70.6% of net N mineralization rate, while 56.8% in the slightly-damaged stand. The results of regression analysis showed that the annual mean rates of N mineralization and nitrification were significantly and positively correlated to soil temperature, available N and dissolved organic N contents (P<0.05). Our finding indicated that the soil N biogeochemical processes were significantly altered by the severe disturbance of glaze and snow-storm, with a significant increase in nitrification and N loss in forest ecosystems.
Keywords: silviculture; glaze and snow storm; N mineralization; soil microbial biomass; available nitrogen; plantation
 
Title: Preparation and application of mesoporous SiO2 materials in drug delivery
Authors: SONG Junlong, JIA Chengying, CHENG Qiang
PP: 1894-1899
Abstract: Mesoporous materials attract much attention recently due to its unique properties, such as super high specific surface area and pore volume, tunable and narrow pore size, controllable and uniform morphology. In this short review paper, it begins with the definition of mesoporosity, and then focuses on methodology of the preparation of mesoporous or hollow silica materials, including soft templates, hard templates, sol/gel method, and the layer-by-layer method. At the end of this paper, the applications of mesoporous materials in controllable drug release are included as well.
Keywords: chemical processing of forest products; mesoporous material; review; hollow material; SiO2 material; drug delivery