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May 15,2017
Volume 10,Issue 9
Pages -
Subject Area:Forestry Engineering,Chemical Processing of Forest Products,Agricultural Machinery,Agricultural Engineering,Crop Genetics,Crop Cultivation,Fermentation Engineering,Biophysics,Cellular Immunology

Title: Cloning of cold response transcription factor FaICE1 from strawberry and analysis of its interacting proteins

Authors: WEI Lingzhi, JIA Meiru, DU Ping, LI Jizheng, JIA Wensuo, LI Bingbing
PP: 989-995
Abstract: Low temperature is one of the important factors affecting strawberry production in winter greenhouse. Cloning and identification of the genes related to cold resistance are of great significance for theoretical research and practical production of strawberry. A transcription factor, FaICE1, in response to low temperature was cloned and identified in octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) named ‘Hongyan’. The expression of FaICE1 gene decreased at the early stage of fruit development, and was stable after the stage of white fruit. Fruit wafer test showed that the expression of FaICE1 could be induced by low temperature (4℃) stress and jasmonic acid (JA), respectively. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) further proved that FaICE1 interacted directly with FaSnRK2.6, which is the key signal protein of strawberry fruit resistance to low temperature, suggesting that FaICE1 might be the downstream signal component of FaSnRK2.6 and participated in the development and ripening regulation of strawberry fruit under low temperature stress.
Keywords: pomology; strawberry; low temperature; FaICE1; FaSnRK2.6; fruit development and ripening

Title: Temperature and moisture content changes of vacuum/steam in longitudinal Populus bolleana log

Authors: LIU Jianxia, HUANG Yankuai, WANG Ximing, CHEN Zhangjing, WHITE Marshall
PP: 1025-1036
Abstract: To study Populus bolleana log temperature and moisture content variation in the wood processing and to provide the basis for log immersion live, we used special equipment to implement heating and drying process and some of the features of change after wood processing are provided. Results show that it is feasible to dry log by longitudinal heating. 1) At the beginning of the vacuum/steam treatment, a certain degree of temperature drop appears near the far steam area and the vacuum area of log. After the whole process is done, the wood temperature presents a certain degree of temperature rise, while temperature drops and rises in the sapwood are greater than that in the heartwood. 2) With the extension of processing time, the temperature at each layer and period rises to the maximum or the equilibrium value, the trend is as follows: the heart > the subsurface layer > the surface. 3) Near vacuum area, due to the effect of vacuum, there are obvious signs of moisture movement, that is, the water moves from the middle to the vacuum end, heartwood moves to the sapwood. In the same direction, the moisture content of the inner surface is different.
Keywords: forestry engineering; vacuum; steam; moisture migration; longitudinal; log

Title: Study on the properties of the production of laccase from white rot fungus to the preparation of medium density fiberboard

Authors: CHEN Guangsheng, ZHU Xiaodong, HAN Song
PP: 1019-1024
Abstract: A large number of crude laccases were produced by white rot fungi using the continuous culture, to activate of the lignin component of treated wood fiber, which can replace the urea formaldehyde resin adhesive part. The effect of laccase treatment on the mechanical properties was studied by preparation of medium density fiberboard activated by wood fiber. The experimental results show that the fiber board prepared after laccase treatment had better mechanical properties than that without fiber board processing. When the resin content is up to 8%, some mechanical properties can reach the national standard. The mechanical properties of the fiber board prepared by 7 days of crude enzyme solution were optimized. The surface cells of laccase of wood fiber in certain lignin degradation can be found through scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the surface microstructure of wood fiber and medium density fiberboard, which plays an active role in improving the mechanical properties of medium density fiberboard.
Keywords: wood processing and man-made board technology; white rot fungus; laccase; medium density fiberboard; mechanical property

Title: Study on pyrolysis kinetics of lignin derived from rice straw by means of several thermoanalysis methods

Authors: LOU Rui, WU Shubin, ZHAO Hongxia, ZHANG Bin
PP: 1011-1018
Abstract: The pyrolysis characteristics and thermostability of lignin isolated from rice straw was studied by thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis under the nitrogen and non-isothermal system. The mechanism and kinetics of the thermal decomposition reaction of rice straw lignin were studied by means of the single heating rate method (Coats-Redfern method), multiple heating rate method (Kissinger method and Ozawa method), and distribute activation energy model (DAEM), and through that to obtain the fitted lines of kinetic equations and thermodynamic parameters. The research results showed that the temperature intervals of the volatile release in the pyrolysis process shifted towards high-temperature region as the heating rates increased, while the maximum rate of weight loss occurred at the temperature range of 250-450℃. Moreover, the values of thermodynamic parameters had a greater difference by means of the different model approaches, and the pyrolysis kinetic of rice straw lignin was described as a first-order reaction model based on Coats-Redfern method.
Keywords: chemical processing of forest products; rice straw; enzymatic/acidolysis lignin; pyrolysis; kinetics

Title: Experiment of picking and husking for 4YZP-2 corn harvester

Authors: DU Yuefeng, SONG Zhenghe, QIN Jiahao
PP: 1004-1010
Abstract: The power consumption of 4YZP-2 type maize header and husker was measured by using test bench respectively. The results of the experiment show that the power consumption of the header ranges from 2.4 to 3.9 kW when the snapping roller rotates at the speed of 700 to 1 000 r/min, and the optimum rotational speed of snapping roller is 800 r/min. The power consumption of maize husker ranges from 1.45 to 1.90 kW when the husking roller rotates at the speed between 350 to 500 r/min and the optimum rotational speed of husker roller is 450 r/min. Besides, the working process of maize header and husker was recorded using a high-speed camera, and the velocities of corn straws and corn-cobs along with the effective working lengths of snapping roller and husking roller were analyzed by utilizing the image analysis software. The results of the calculation show that the vertical velocity of corn straws ranges from 3.04 to 4.06 m/s, and the effective working length of snapping roller ranges from 246 to 343 mm. The velocity of the corn-cobs in the direction of the husking roller ranges from 0.61 to 0.75 m/s. Furthermore, the effective working length of husking roller is only 245 to 315 mm. The research offers reference for designing corn harvester.
Keywords: agricultural mechanics; power consumption experiment; picking; husking; high-speed photography

Title: Study on the saccharification pretreatment process of Platanus orientalis leaves by dilute sulfuric acid

Authors: LI Yameng, ZHANG Zhiping, ZHU Shengnan, ZHANG Tian, LIU Huiliang, ZHANG Quanguo
PP: 996-1003
Abstract: Platanus orientalis was pretreated by the dilute sulfuric acid and reducing sugars in the hydrolysate were measured by the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, including the hydrolyzing temperature, hydrolyzing time, concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid and the ratio of solid to liquid. On the basis of single factor experiment, the optimum pretreatment conditions were obtained by the orthogonal experiment. The optimum pretreatment conditions were 2% H2SO4, the hydrolyzing temperature of 130℃, the ratio of solid to liquid 1:20, hydrolyzing time 60 min, granularity 0.250-0.425 mm. And the dilute sulfuric acid treatment solution was recycled, cumulative hydrogen production was based on hydrogen production from the leaves treated with different cycle times. The results show that the treatment solution can be used for 3 times, which is significant to reduce the cost of pretreatment.
Keywords: agricultural engineering; dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment; Platanus orientalis leaves; saccharification; bio-hydrogen production

Title: Establishment of a cell model of bovine mastitis in vitro

Authors: ZHANG Wenyao, CHEN Qing, HE Guiliang, ZHANG Yong, GAO Mingqing
PP: 1037-1042
Abstract: Objective: To establish an in vitro epithelial cell model of bovine mastitis. Methods: Bovine mammary epithelial cells were routinely cultured in vitro and treated by a series of concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 ng/µL) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or a series of concentrations (0, 1, 10, 20, 40 ng/µL) lipoteichoic acid (LTA). The gene expression were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and the protein expression were detected by enzymes linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The gene and protein expression of TNF-α were used as an indicator to determine the optimal treatment concentration to establish the model. Then, the cells were treated by LPS or LTA for a series of periods (LPS for 0, 3, 6 h; LTA for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 h) at the optimal concentration. The expression of TNF-α was analyzed by qRT-PCR to determine the optimal processing time. Results: The expression of TNF-α in mammary epithelial cells was significantly upregulated after treated with 10 ng/μL LPS for 3 h or 20 ng/μL LTA for 12 h. Conclusion: An in vitro epithelial cell model of bovine mastitis was successfully established by treating with LPS or LTA.
Keywords: veterinary science; mastitis; lipopolysaccharide; lipoteichoic acid; epithelial cells; bovine

Title: Building the coverage of forage maps of feed push robot

Authors: LI Baosheng, TAN Yu, ZHU Kai, ZHAO Zhenyan, SHI Anzhuo
PP: 1043-1051
Abstract: In order to achieve the dynamic pushing of the feed push robot, the method of building forage maps was proposed. With this method, the map was firstly divided into a grid map. Then according to the pose of the robot and the model of forage cover area, the area coverage rates of surrounding cells of the robot were calculated. Moreover, the current of brushless direct current (BLDC) motor that was used to drive rotary mechanism was collected by a current sensor. Furthermore, the values of current and area coverage rates were turned into the coverage values of cells. So the relative quantities of forage were predicted. The establishment of forage maps offered one of the basis of dynamic path planning later. In final, the data collected by tests were simulated by Matlab and then the forage distribution map was mapped. The results showed that the establishment of forage map was available and valid.
Keywords: mechanization of animal husbandry; robot applications; coverage maps; feed pushing; map establishment

Title: Cloning of TaTGA2 and Function Identification to Fusarium head blight(FHB) in Wheat

Authors: SU Peisen, WANG Biao, YIN Huayan, WANG Hongwei, KONG Lingrang, LI Anfei
PP: 979-988
Abstract: In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, TGA2 plays an important role in plant defense response by mediating salicylic acid (SA) signaling. We obtained a full-length 1 011 bp TaTGA2 gene from Wheat Scab Resistant Germplasm Sumai No.3 by homologous cloning, which is a transcription factor belongs to the bZIP family and has the leucine zipper domain. Overexpression of TaTGA2 in Brachypodium distachyon showed better resistance to Fusarium graminearum infection. BSMV-VIGS TaTGA2 silencing in Sumai No.3 led to increased susceptibility to F. graminearum infection compared with controls. In addition, we carried out subcellular localization and located TaTGA2 in the nucleus. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay revealed that the TaTGA2 gene could be induced by SA and up-regulated significantly, which suggests that TaTGA2 gene plays an important role in the defense response to F. graminearum.
Keywords: crop genetics; wheat; Fusarium head blight; TaTGA2

Title: Studies on the effects of different fertilizer treatments on nutrition accumulation and yield of wheat

Authors: TIAN Jinzhu, YUE Maowu, LI Dengyun, LI Lei, JIANG Qian, ZHANG Fenglu
PP: 972-978
Abstract: In order to compare the effects of loss control fertilizer (WC) and normal compound fertilizer (NC) on the nutrition accumulation and yield of wheat, a random block experiment was set at the experimental field of Baoding Academy of Agricultural Science during 2015-2016. The winter wheat variety of Baomai 10 was used as material. Two kinds of fertilizers with the same nutrition content of 20%N, 20%P2O5 and 8%K2O were used and the application rate of fertilizers was 600 kg/hm2, applied once with soil preparation before sowing, 3 reps. The results showed that there were significant differences on dry matter accumulation, nutrition accumulation and yield characteristics with different fertilizer treatments, and the effect of WC treatment was significantly better than that of NC. Compared with NC, the 1 000-grain weight, dry matter and yield of wheat of WC could be increased by 2.5%, 11.0%, 6.3%, respectively. The accumulation amount of N, P, K of wheat plants at different growing stages were shown as follows: WC>NC>CK. The fertilizer agronomic efficiency (AE) was increased by 23.5%, compared with that of the NC treatment. At the same time, the nutrition amount in the top soil was also increased. As a new type of fertilizer, WC will play an important role in improving the yield of wheat, increasing the efficiency of fertilization and protecting the environment.
Keywords: wcrop cultivation; wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); loss control fertilizer; compound fertilizer; nutrition accumulation; yield

Title: Classification and phylogenetic study of 10 species of housefly pupal parasitoids based on 28S rDNA gene sequences

Authors: HU Zezhang, SUN Meng, LÜ Bing, ZHAI Yifan, CHEN Hao, ZHENG Li, YU Yi
PP: 964-971
Abstract: In this study, by using 28S rDNA gene as molecular marker, we aimed to make classification and molecular identification analysis of 10 common species of housefly pupal parasitoids with DNA bar coding technology. We explored the feasibility of molecular marker identification of housefly pupal parasitoids in order to establish a new method for rapid and accurate identification of housefly pupal parasitions. The results are as follows. The average length of 28S rDNA sequences was 665 bp. A+T content was about 41.5%; the ratio of base transition to transversion was 1.43, the sequences were relatively conservative. Each pupal parasitoid formed a separate branch according to the cluster analysis of the phylogenetic tree. The interspecific genetic distance was 64.67 times of the intraspecific genetic distance of sequence of 28S rDNA. 28S rDNA gene is effective molecular markers to identify species of housefly pupal parasitoids.
Keywords: agricultural entomology and pest control; housefly pupal parasitoid; 28S rDNA gene; molecular identification; molecular phylogeny

Title: Production research on succinic acid from ionic liquid-pretreated bamboo hydrolysate by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strain

Authors: ZHAO Dezhou, ZHENG Jie, WANG Dan
PP: 954-963
Abstract: Succinic acid is widely used as a feedstock for the synthesis of a number of commodity and specialty chemicals. In this study, Escherichia coli mutant DW103 was constructed by overexpressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (ppc) and cyanobacterial carbonic anhydrase (ecaA) genes together in E. coli mutant DC1515. The engineered strain DW103 could produce 0.967 g succinic acid/g glucose. On a modeled sugar mixture containing glucose, xylose and arabinose with a ratio of 0.6:0.3:0.1 similar to that of the bamboo hydrolysate, DW103 produced 12.36 g/L succinic acid and the yield was 0.824 g/g total sugar. In a 3-L bioreactor with ionic liquid-pertreated bamboo enzymatic hydrolysate, the production of succinic acid by DW103 was about 48.32 g/L and the yield was 1.06 g/g total reducing sugars. This work firstly reported that succinic acid could be produced from ionic liquid-pretreated bamboo hydrolysate by metabolically engineered E. coli, which expanded the application field of bamboo and contributed to the decrease of the process cost of the microbial synthesis of succinic acid.
Keywords: fermentation engineering; succinic acid; ionic liquid; bamboo hydrolysate; Escherichia coli; fermentation

Title: Isolation, identification and degradation ability of extensive flavor-degrading strains

Authors: LIU Huihui, GU Jingyan, LI xin, WEI Jie, HAN Wenjun
PP: 948-953
Abstract: Extensive flavor-degrading strains were isolated from the activated sludge tank of a spice factory. Various flavor products were used as the sole carbon source to screen the flavor-degrading microorganisms. The 16S rRNA genes were cloned, sequenced and analyzed to identify the taxonomic position of strains. The sewage treatment effects were analyzed by monitoring the change of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia nitrogen contents. As a result, five flavor-degrading strains have been identified as members that belong to the Arthrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Advenella sp., and Proteus sp. genuses respectively. These strains can degrade a variety of flavor compounds and the bacterial mixture can drop COD below 100 mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen below 15 mg/L. The half-life is 5 d. Wastewater discharge can meet up its standard.
Keywords: micobiology; flavor-degrading strains; 16S rRNA gene; degradation ability

Title: Bioinformatics analysis of mouse Dlk1 gene

Authors: ZHOU Xiaoting, ZUO Yongchun
PP: 940-947
Abstract: According to the data from NCBI, we used MEGA and ClustalW to analyze the protein sequences of 15 different species, such as mice, platypus and zebrafish, so that we can get the systematic phylogenetic tree, from which we knew the evolutionary relationship between different species and the conserved region in the evolutionary process. At the same time, SWISS-MODEL and other online software were used to predict secondary and tertiary structures of mouse DLK1 protein. The structure of mouse DLK1 protein was relatively simple, which laid a foundation for further study of its function. In this paper, some physical properties of the protein were analyzed as well, and NetPhos was used to analyze amino acid contents in this protein, and we can infer that the protein was hydrophobic protein. Since the current research on the function of Dlk1 gene is more comprehensive, and there are few reports on the bioinformatics analysis of mouse Dlk1 gene. This paper focuses on a series of analysis of the Dlk1 gene from the bioinformatics, and it will provide additional information for further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of the mouse Dlk1 gene.
Keywords: biophysics; bioinformatics; Dlk1 gene; sequence analysis; mouse

Title: Expression change of FFARs in LPS-induced ALI mouse model

Authors: CHEN Lili, WANG Shaoying, YIN Chengcong, DU Bing, QIAN Min, REN Hua
PP: 933-939
Abstract: The acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model was induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the expression of free fatty acid receptors (FFAR) family was detected. LPS was given by tracheal intubation to construct ALI mouse model and the lung tissues were taken out. HE staining results showed that destruction of structural integrity and inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in the lungs of ALI mice. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that in lung tissues of ALI mice, the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α were both up-regulated, which was coincident with the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The results showed that ALI mouse model was successfully constructed. Meanwhile, the expression of FFARs in ALI mice was further analyzed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The expression of Gpr84 was significantly increased in ALI mice. To explore whether Gpr84 was involved in the process of ALI, we constructed the LPS-induced ALI in Gpr84-/- mice. The results indicated that in Gpr84-/- ALI mice, the inflammation was relieved and the expressions of IL-6 and TNF- were both down-regulated, compared with wild type (WT). It was found that knockdown of Gpr84 could decrease the inflammatory response in ALI mice, which laid the foundation for further study on the function and mechanism of Gpr84 in the development of ALI.
Keywords: cellular immunology; acute lung injury; free fatty acid receptor family; Gpr84

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