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December 30,2013
Volume 6,Issue 24
Pages -
Subject Area:Enviromental Management, Environmental Economics, Environmental Law,Environmental Protection Engineering,Environmental Engineering,Environmental Chemistry,Environmentology

Title: Greenhouse gas emission peak of China’s road transport

Authors: HUO Hong
PP: 2389-2395
Abstract: China’s road transport is playing an important role in national energy supply and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation actions. This paper analyzes the current status and development potentials of key technologies of the road transport, as well as the key driving forces of on-road energy use and GHG emissions. Then projects of the on-road energy use and GHG emissions on the basis of current policy frame were established. The results show that China’s on-road energy use and GHG emissions will continue to grow, and reach 520 and 1700 million metric tons (MMT) by 2050 if no new technologies are introduced in the future. But if the technologies can be promoted as China already planned for the future, the on-road energy use and GHG emissions will stabilize at 380 and 1300 MMT by 2030, respectively. If further measures are taken, the on-road energy use and GHG emissions will decrease after 2030, indicating that the GHG emission peak will come before 2030.
Keywords: environmental management; on-road energy; greenhouse gas; emission peak; key technologies

Title: Preparation of horseradish peroxidase immobilization on quartz sands and its application

Authors: XIE Weiping, WU Min, JIANG Kewei, LU Junhe
PP: 2383-2388
Abstract: In this paper, a method of immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) onto quartz sands was developed. The sands were pretreated with chitosan and the enzyme was loaded onto their surface thereafter via layer-by-layer assembly technology based on electrastatic interaction. The immobilization recovery and activity recovery of HRP was 70% and 78%, respectively. The optimal pH for the immobilized enzyme was 4.5, which was lower than free enzyme. The thermo stability and longevity of HRP were significantly improved after immobilization. It was found the immobilized HRP could effectively degrade nitrobenzene in soil, which demonstrated its potential application in soil remediation.
Keywords: environmental protection engineering; soil remediation; horseradish peroxidase; immobilization; layer-by-layer assembly technology; nitrobenzene

Title: Research of Tianjin offshore environmental quality evaluation

Authors: XU Xiaofu, XIANG Xianquan, TAO Jianhua
PP: 2376-2382
Abstract: Single-factor evaluation method, which is widely used, cannot comprehensively evaluate the quality of marine ecological environment system. Thus, a new and advanced comprehensive evaluation method is needed. In this study, the multi-grade geay relational evaluation method was developed and applied in Tianjin coastal sea water quality evaluation. The results showed that the greatest impact environmental factors in Tianjin coastal area was dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), followed by dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) had least impact. In four marine functional zones of Tianjin coastal waters, two fishery (Hangu fishery and Tianjin southeast fishery) water quality did not meet the requirements and needed to focus on control. The multi-grade geay relational evaluation method developed in this study provides a new approach to comprehensively evaluate the quality of marine ecological environment system and technical support for marine pollution control policy.
Keywords: environmental engineering; marine environment; water quality assessment; multi-grade grey relational comprehensive evaluation

Title: Preparation and performance of granular adsorbent based on coal fly ash

Authors: WANG Jing, PENG Changsheng, GU Qingbao, LI Dandan, WANG Shengguang, WU Yuting
PP: 2367-2375
Abstract: In this paper, a granular adsorbent based on coal fly ash (GAF) was prepared from coal fly ash and attapulgite by adding starch as a pore-forming agent and calcinated at low temperature. The effects of calcinated temperature, heating rate, the time of thermal preservation and the amount of adding starch on the adsorption of the methylene blue (MB) were studied and the optimum preparation conditions were investigated using Taguchi method. Based on the visual analysis, the optimized conditions were calcinated temperature of 600℃, heating rate of 1℃/min, thermal preservation time of 1 h and the amount of adding starch of 30%. Adsorption test results showed that the adsorption capacity of GAF-0 reached to 164 mg/g, and the spallation loss ratio was 0.48%. Four times regeneration efficiency were 98%， 96%， 95% and 92%, respectively.
Keywords: environmental engineering; adsorbent; coal fly ash; Taguchi method; methylene blue

Title: Construction and application of clean production evaluation system on municipal wastewater treatment plants

Authors: SHI Jiaojuan, JIN Lahua
PP: 2362-2366
Abstract: In view of energy conservation and emission reduction of wastewater treatment plants, a clean production evaluation index system was set up. The evaluation index system consists of quantitative and qualitative indicators quantitative indicators reflect the achievement of energy saving and emission reduction, qualitative indicators indicate the level of the equipment and technique and environmental management conditions. Quantitative indicators are made up with four first grade assessment indicators, including material consumption and energy consumption index, pollutant production index, efficiency and benefit index, comprehensive utilization index. Qualitative indicators, which include twelve secondary indexes considering three aspects effected. The weight and benchmark for each index are given by literature, on-the-spot investigation and consulting of specialists. We evaluated two wastewater treatment plants with the system, and the results showed that the system can be used in the practice of the evaluation of wastewater treatment plants. This system can well reflect the level and status of implementation of clean production in wastewater treatment plants.
Keywords: environmental engineering; municipal wastewater treatment plants; clean production; evaluation system; experts consultation method

Title: Effects of anaerobic fermentation on properties of dehydrated sludge under alkaline condition

Authors: DAI Ruihua, LU Haowen, Song An’an, LIU Yan
PP: 2356-2361
Abstract: In this paper, different sources of dehydrated sludge from plant A and plant B, was subjected for 20 d to investigate the effects of anaerobic fermentation on the sludge’s properties such as soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and calorific value with the condition of 20℃ and pH being 10. The results showed that the SCOD reached maximum value at the sixth day with 6 400 mg/L at plant A which was about 2 times of plant B (3 760 mg/L). The SCOD/ total nitrogen (TN) ratio varied from 11.9 to 27.5 at plant A, which could be as a carbon source for biological denitrification. The volatile suspended solids/suspended solids (VSS/SS) ratio decreased with time at plant A and B, and the ratio at plant B decreased more quickly than that of plant A. The SRF increased to 3.77×1015 m/kg and 2.25×1015 m/kg with fermentation respectively. The volatile contents and calorific values decreased with fermentation which suggested that the organic compounds and calorific values were all consumed by the fermentation. The calorific value of plant A at the sixth day was higher than that of lignite, but the calorific value of plant B at the sixth day is lower than that of lignite. The results provide the conferences for fermentation sludge disposal.
Keywords: environmental engineering; anaerobic fermentation; dehydrated sludge; soluble chemical oxygen demand; calorific value; dehydration property

Title: Effects of ultrasonic pre-treatment on microwave radiation drying characteristics of sewage sludge

Authors: YU Liangying, WANG Linwei, LI Peisheng
PP: 2350-2355
Abstract: In this paper, experiments on municipal sludge with ultrasonic pre-treatment and microwave irradiation drying performance were investigated. This research studied the influences of the action time and ultrasonic wave density on the drying characteristics of dewatered sludge. The results showed that, the ultrasonic treatments came two different results of microwave irradiation drying performance: improvement or inhibition. The specific effect did not keep a single change with ultrasonic processing time and ultrasonic density varying. In addition, the duration time exceeded the density in the effects on microwave drying performance. The microstructure of sewage sludge under the combined action of ultrasound wave and microwave indicated that ultrasonic pre-treatment can change the structures of sewage sludge effectively.
Keywords: environmental engineering; sewage sludge; ultrasonic wave; microwave radiation; sludge drying

Title: Life time prediction for air filter

Authors: MAO Ning, SUN Xi
PP: 2346-2349
Abstract: Foam sponge filter is selected for research and its dust containing microscope structure is analyzed. Based on this analysis, the life time prediction model is established for the air filter with network structure. Furthermore, the effect of relative humidity and mesh number on the time dependency of its pressure drop is experimentally studied and the model is verified by experimental data. It proved that the model can be used for guiding the usage of air filter material in practice.
Keywords: environmental engineering; life time; prediction; foam sponge filter

Title: Study on the interactions of metconazole with HSA and BSA by spectrofluorimetry

Authors: WANG Haifei, ZHANG Wenjing, PAN Liumeng, ZHANG Feng, LIU Weiping
PP: 2339-2345
Abstract: To evaluate the risks of the exposure of metconazole to the health of human and mammals, the interactions of metconazole with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were comparatively investigated by the combination of steady-state fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence techniques. Metconazole could significantly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA and BSA via the static quenching mode. With the binding of metconazole, the fluorescence spectra of HSA and BSA appeared red shifts, indicating the micro-environment of the HSA and BSA proteins changed, which manifested toxic effect on the conformation of HSA and BAS. Their interactions were mainly contributed by the van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding, while metconazole had a stronger binding interaction with HSA than with BSA.
Keywords: environmental chemistry; metconazole; human serum albumin; bovine serum albumin; interaction; spectrofluorimetry

Title: Investigation of TB-EPS adsorption on surface using surface plasmon resonance

Authors: ZHANG Peng, CHEN Youpeng, GUO Jinsong
PP: 2334-2338
Abstract: In order to understand the adsorption characteristic of tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) on surface, and determine the adsorption rate and affinity accurately, in this study, the adsorption behaviour of TB-EPS extracting from a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) was investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The results showed that the parameters of the TB-EPS adsorption reaction on gold surface were the following: association rate constant (ka) =(31.7 5.2) L/(g穖in), the dissociation rate constant (kd) =(0.405 0.060) min-1, the equilibrium binding constant (KA) =(78.3 24.4) L/g, and the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) =(0.013 0.004) g/L. Therefore, it is fast and conveniently for the SPR to obtain the adsorption kinetics and adsorption affinity of TB-EPS on the surface.
Keywords: environmental chemistry; tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances; adsorption; surface plasmon resonance; surface

Title: Molecular mechanism of enantioselective inhibition to BChE by pyraclofos

Authors: ZHANG Zhisheng, YAN Menghua, ZHUANG Shulin
PP: 2329-2333
Abstract: Molecular docking method was performed to predict the binding interactions of R-and S-pyraclofos enantiomers with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The results showed that R-pyraclofos formed one hydrogen bond with residue Gly116 of BChE LBD, while S-pyraclofos formed hydrogen bonds with residues Gly116, Gly117 and Ser198. The difference in binding mode of pyraclofos with LBD of BChE may contribute partly to the different inhibition of R/S-pyraclofos to BChE.
Keywords: environmental chemistry; butyrylcholinesterase; molecular docking; pyraclofos; enantiomers

Title: Time-dependent microplate toxicity analysis of pollutants to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67

Authors: LIN Nan, ZHANG Jing, LIU Shushen
PP: 2321-2328
Abstract: Taking Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67 (Q67) as test organism and 96-well microplate as exposure experiment carrier, we developed a time-dependent microplate toxicity analysis (T-MTA) by optimizing the ratio of bacterium suspension to long-term medium and setting nine time points, such as 0.25, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 h, in the growth cycle of Q67. The T-MTA was used to determine the time-dependent toxicities of five antibiotics, apramycin sulfate (APR), chloramphenicol (CHL), paromomycin sulfate (PAR), streptomycin sulfate (STR) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TET). The antibiotics do not basically produce the acute toxicities to Q67. However, the results of the time-dependent toxicities showed that the toxicities of antibiotics displayed the significant time-dependent features.
Keywords: environmental chemistry; time-dependent toxicity; antibiotics; Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67; microplate toxicity analysis

Title: Speciation and concentration of heavy metals in reclaimed soils at Huainan city coal mine

Authors: JIANG Peilong, FANG Fengman, JIAO Huafu, ZHANG Jieqiong, DENG Zhengwei
PP: 2313-2320
Abstract: Samples were collected around Huainan reclamation of coal mine and the contents of seven heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, As) in this area were analysized and assessed. The results showed that the concentration of Ni, Mn, Cu, As in reclaimed soil exceeded background value of Huainan soil. However, the concentrations of all 7 heavy metals in reclaimed soil were not beyond National Soil Environmental Quality Standard of GradeⅡ. The concentrations of all heavy metals in vegetable greenhouse soil were higher than forest land. The variation coefficient of heavy metals (excluding As) in vegetable greenhouse soil were lower than forest land. Sequential extrations suggested that in the reclaimed soils, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, As were mainly composed with residual fraction, while Mn, Pb were donimated by Fe-Mn oxide form. The integrated pollution index of reference soil was recognized as warning limit (0.97). Meanwhile, the integrated pollution index of other 18 soils were between 1.12 and 1.81, which were slight pollution. The integrated pollution index of vegetable greenhouse soil and forest land soil were 1.41 and 1.48 separately.
Keywords: soil environmentology; Huainan mining ared; reclaimed soil; usage of soil; heavy metal; pollution assessment

Title: Variation of total bacterial cell counts and bacterial communities in different water treatment processes from a wastewater treatment plant

Authors: MA Lili, MAO Guannan, LIU Jie, YU Hui, WANG Yingying
PP: 2307-2312
Abstract: In this study, fluorescence staining of microbial cells with the nucleic acid stain SYBR Green I together with quantitative flow cytometry (FCM) were used to analyze bacterial concentrations in water samples from a wastewater treatment plant. The variation of bacterial structure during each treatment was also investigated by a nested PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) approach. The plant treated wastewater through three steps: primary settlement, activated sludge and a secondary settlement process. Due to the complex aggregation of bacteria in activated sludge flocs, the exact number of cells present in untreated activated sludge was not known and could not be calculated precisely. Therefore, ultrasonication was applied to disaggregate activated sludge flocs and obtain a suspension made up mostly of free single cells, suitable for FCM analysis. The results from FCM showed that in the wastewater treatment plant, bacterial abundance varied from 3.91 06 counts/mL to 2.24 09 counts/mL. Total bacterial counts were 1.74 08 counts/mL in the influent, 1.22 08 counts/mL in the primary settled water, and increased to around 2.24 09 counts/mL in activated sludge flocs. In the secondary settled water, the bacterial counts decreased to 3.87 08 counts/mL and finally lowered to 3.91 06 counts/mL in the effluent. Nested PCR-DGGE profiles demonstrated that bacterial communities in influent and primary settlement samples were grouped into one cluster with the highest similarity coefficient of 83.3%, and the lowest similarity coefficient of 27.9% was observed between activated sludge and the secondary settlement process.
Keywords: environmentology; bacteria; flow cytometry; PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; wastewater

Title: Quantitative simulation of multimedia migration and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: the case of Shanghai city

Authors: YU Yingpeng, LIU Min, YANG Yi, LU Min, WANG Zucheng
PP: 2298-2306
Abstract: The LevelⅢ multimedia environmental fugacity model was used to simulate the enrichment, migration and fate process of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai environmental media under the condition of steady-state and fixed amount input. The results showed that migration and fate process were majorly dictated by the inherent physicochemical properties of PAHs, with the PAHs molecular weight increasing, the concentration and accumulation of PAHs in soils and sediments increased, while the PAHs concentration and content in atmosphere was getting lower and lower. At the same time, the migration flux, advection degradation loss, retention time also showed the regularity of the increment and decrement change.
Keywords: environmentology; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; fugacity model; multimedia migration; fate simulation

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