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	1. Association of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet with the Southwest Asian summer monsoon: A diagnostic analysis on heavy rain events in Yunnan Province, China
	CHEN Jie,JIN Liya
	Earth Science 23 February 2017
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	Abstract:By using daily observations and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data during 1960-2011, a diagnostic analysis is performed to investigate the association of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet (EASWJ) with the Southwest Asian summer monsoon (SASM) on heavy rain events in Yunnan Province of southwest China during SASM prevailing season. The diagnostic analysis shows an anomalous divergence circulation pattern at upper level (200 hPa) over Eurasian continent that corresponds well to the negative anomaly of EASWJ intensity during the heavy rain events in boreal summer in Yunnan Province. Meanwhile, a low-level jet stream with abundant water vapor originated from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal provides necessarily dynamic and water conditions for heavy rain mechanism. The study further shows that the weakening of the EASWJ during heavy rain events in Yunnan Province is associated with the decrease in the meridional air temperature gradient in northern mid-latitude (30o-45oN).
	TO cite this article:CHEN Jie,JIN Liya. Association of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet with the Southwest Asian summer monsoon: A diagnostic analysis on heavy rain events in Yunnan Province, China[OL].[23 February 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4719965


	2. Reactive Transport Modeling of Long-Term CO2 Sequestration Mechanisms at the Shenhua CCS Demonstration Project, China
	YANG Guodong,LI Yilian,ATRENS Aleks,LIU Danqing,WANG Yongsheng,JIA Li,LU Yu
	Earth Science 31 May 2016
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	Abstract:Carbon dioxide injection into deep saline aquifers results in a variety of strongly coupled physical and chemical processes. In this study, reactive transport simulations using a 2-D radial model were performed to investigate the fate of the injected CO2, the effect of CO2-water-rock interactions on mineral alteration, and the long-term CO2 sequestration mechanisms of the Liujiagou Formation sandstone at the Shenhua CCS pilot site of China. Carbon dioxide was injected at a constant rate of 0.1 Mt/year for 30 years, and the fluid flow and geochemical transport simulation was run for a period of 10,000 years by the TOUGHREACT code according to the underground conditions of the Liujiagou Formation. The results show that different trapping phases of CO2 vary with time. Sensitivity analyses indicate that plagioclase composition and chlorite presence are the most significant determinants of stable carbonate minerals and CO2 mineral trapping capacity. For arkosic arenite in the Liujiagou Formation, CO2 can be immobilized by precipitation of ankerite, magnesite, siderite, dawsonite, and calcite for different mineral compositions, with Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Na+ provided by dissolution of calcite, albite (or oligoclase) and chlorite. This study can provide useful insights into the geochemistry of CO2 storage in other arkosic arenite (feldspar rich sandstone) formations at other pilots or target sites.
	TO cite this article:YANG Guodong,LI Yilian,ATRENS Aleks, et al. Reactive Transport Modeling of Long-Term CO2 Sequestration Mechanisms at the Shenhua CCS Demonstration Project, China[OL].[31 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4694633

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	3. Issues in stochastic modeling of ground motions based on analytical phase spectrum
	ZENG Cheng,SUN Xiaodan,LI Yongheng
	Earth Science 25 May 2016
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	Abstract:In this paper, stochastic modeling technique based on analytical phase spectrum was studied. The analytical displacement response to a shear dislocation source in infinite homogeneous space was used to extract analytical phase spectrum. The analytical phase spectrum was used to replace the random phase spectrum so that the spectrum of the simulated motion is related to the property of propagation medium and the source-site geometry. Two issues, the simplification of numerical integration and the computation of sub-source rise time, were discussed. The results show that: when the sub-source size is smaller than 1km, the numerical integration could be simplified by multiplying the sub-source area to the displacement from point dislocation source; unreasonable sub-source rise time may be deduced if letting sub-source rise time propotional to sub-source dislocation.The approach was validated using the observed data of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The validation shows a good match between the simulated and observed data in terms of waveform and response spectrum.
	TO cite this article:ZENG Cheng,SUN Xiaodan,LI Yongheng. Issues in stochastic modeling of ground motions based on analytical phase spectrum[OL].[25 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4693864


	4. Insolation-driven monsoon-mediated changes in Earth's surface processes in mid-latitude East Asia since the last deglaciation
	LIU Jianbao,CHEN Qiaomei,XIE Chengling
	Earth Science 05 May 2016
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	Abstract:The stability of Earth's critical zone is intimately linked with erosion, chemical weathering and the vegetation type and density, therefore affecting the global biogeochemical processes and in turn the global climate. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how Earth's critical zone processes have changed over time. Here we rebuild erosion-weathering-vegetation interactions since ~14.7 ka using geochemical records of a radiocarbon-dated sediment core from Gonghai Lake in North China. Our results revealed distinct, millennial, late deglacial-Holocene erosion and weathering patterns and transitions. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) molar, a humidity proxy, indicated low humidity during the late deglacial ~11.5-14.7 ka, high humidity during the early-mid Holocene ~11.5-3.2 ka, and intermediate humidity during the late Holocene interval since ~3.2 ka. Comparison of our records with other climate reconstructions further suggested an orbital-phased humidity changes in North China. This study provides evidence for the solar-forcing controlled Earth's surface processes in the mid-latitude China under natural climate conditions.
	TO cite this article:LIU Jianbao,CHEN Qiaomei,XIE Chengling. Insolation-driven monsoon-mediated changes in Earth's surface processes in mid-latitude East Asia since the last deglaciation[OL].[ 5 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4686394


	5. Estimation of surface solar radiation considering the distortion of cloud shadow on complex terrain
	Li Bin,Hu Jichao
	Earth Science 08 April 2016
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	Abstract:Clouds and terrain are the two most important factors that affect the surface radiation, and cloud shadows are also an important influencing factor to estimate the surface radiation with remote sensing method. Cloud and its shadow under different observation angle and the angle of the sun will lead to 3-D geometry effect. Furthermore, the terrain also has influence on downward solar radiation. At the same time, the cloud shadow distortion under complex terrain also should be taken into consideration in the estimation of radiation. So "coupling" the clouds and the terrain under the certain condition has the vital significance on estimating the surface radiation values. Cloud detection results of high resolution satellite data was used, according to the height of the cloud and satellite observation angle information the position of cloud on the image was corrected to get the true position of the cloud. To more accurately describe the shadow distortion caused by the terrain, a geometrical method was used to calculate the true position of cloud shadows on complex terrain. On the basis of the result after the calculation of shadows, downward surface solar radiation of the corresponding position was calculated based on some parametric methods for clear and cloudy sky respectively. Then, according to the mountain radiative transfer theory, DEM and albedo was employed in the topographic correction model for the downward surface solar radiation (DSSR) calculated above. Finally, we made some comparisons between cloud shadows on smooth surface and complex terrain as well as DSSR without any correction and with correction of terrain effect. The results showed that it is necessary to make these corrections on complex terrain. There were some big differences of the DSSR distribution and values before making correction.
	TO cite this article:Li Bin,Hu Jichao. Estimation of surface solar radiation considering the distortion of cloud shadow on complex terrain[OL].[ 8 April 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4683529


	6. Using the FluoroProbe to measure the Cyanobacteria biomass in the Marine Environment
	XIE Yuyuan,LIU Xin,CHEN Jixin,WANG Lei,HUANG Bangqin
	Earth Science 18 February 2016
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	Abstract:FluoroProbe is a depth-profiling fluorometer for rapid phytoplankton classification. Its application in marine environment was rarely assessed. Previous studies have found solution for measuring Haptophytes biomass. In this study, the data from the survey in the southern Taiwan Strait indicated that FluoroProbe misidentifies Synechococcus(the marine Cyanobacteria) as the "mixed" group not the "blue" group. By using the new norm spectrum retrieved from the in-situ data, the Synechococcus was well detected but the biomass was overall underestimated, possibly due to the corrupted norm spectrum by the high light or depleted nutrient.
	TO cite this article:XIE Yuyuan,LIU Xin,CHEN Jixin, et al. Using the FluoroProbe to measure the Cyanobacteria biomass in the Marine Environment[OL].[18 February 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4678372


	7. The Characteristics of dust concertration and micrometeorology during dust storm events in arid area
	Zhu Hao,Liu Xinjian,Songxingzhuo,Zhang Hongsheng
	Earth Science 25 November 2015
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	Abstract:Based on the data obtained during two dust storm events that occurred on 27 to 28 March 2004 and on 11 April 2006 from the dust storm monitoring tower located in Hunshandake sand desert and on Loess plateau, respectively, the relationships among dust concentration, micrometeorological characteristics and turbulent properties are investigated in this paper. And the threshold friction velocities for dust emission are estimated at the two sites. The values are 0.35 over the sand desert area and 0.52 over the Loess plateau, respectively.
	TO cite this article:Zhu Hao,Liu Xinjian,Songxingzhuo, et al. The Characteristics of dust concertration and micrometeorology during dust storm events in arid area[OL].[25 November 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4664139


	8. 2D inversion of frequency-domain electromagnetic data generated by line current source
	TONG Xiaozhong,CAO Chuanghua,LIU Jianxin
	Earth Science 18 November 2015
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	Abstract:The inversion of electromagnetic data is an inherently non-unique and unstable problem due to the data noises and incomplete data coverage, which means different geo-electrical models could fit the observed data at the same level. A stable solution of an ill-posed inverse problem can be obtained by the regularization methods in which some desired structure are imposed to stabilize the inverse problem. We have developed an algorithm to invert frequency-domain electromagnetic data generated by a line current source for a 2D model of the earth. To stabilize the inversion, we adopt a smoothness-constraint approach for the model parameters and adjust the regularization parameter objectively using a adaptive regularization parameter technique. For calculating the sensitivities using any of the accurate methods will be very time-consuming, we applied the adjoint-equation approximate method. By means of the numerical examples using synthetic data, we have demonstrated that the inversion method can be effectively to reconstruct the subsurface resistivity structure.
	TO cite this article:TONG Xiaozhong,CAO Chuanghua,LIU Jianxin. 2D inversion of frequency-domain electromagnetic data generated by line current source[OL].[18 November 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4662949


	9. Why is a flare-rich active region CME-poor?
	Lijuan Liu,Yuming Wang,Jingxiu Wang,Chenglong Shen,Pinzhong Ye,Quanhao Zhang,Rui Liu,Shui Wang
	Earth Science 16 November 2015
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	Abstract:Solar active regions (ARs) are the major sources of two kinds ofthe most violent solar eruptions, namely flares and coronal massejections (CMEs). The largest AR in the past 24 years, NOAA AR12192, crossed the visible disk from 2014October 17 to 30, unusually produced morethan one hundred flares, including 32 M-class and 6 X-class ones,but only one small CME. Flares and CMEs are believed to be twophenomena in the same eruptive process. Why is such a flare-rich ARso CME-poor? We compared this AR with other four ARs; two were productive in both and two were inert. The investigation of the parameters based on the SDO/HMI vector magnetogram reveals thatthe flare-rich AR 12192, as the other two productive ARs, has larger magnetic flux, current and free magnetic energy thanthe two inert ARs, but contrast to the two productive ARs, it has no strong, concentrated current helicity along both sidesof the flaring neutral line, indicating the absence of a matured magnetic structure consisting of sheared or twisted field lines.Furthermore, the decay index above the AR 12192 is relatively low, showing strong constraint.These results suggest that productive ARs are always large and have enough current and free energy to power flares, but whether or nota flare is accompanied by a CME is seemingly related to (1) if there is matured sheared or twisted core field serving as the seed of theCME, (2) if the constraint of the overlying arcades is weak enough.
	TO cite this article:Lijuan Liu,Yuming Wang,Jingxiu Wang, et al. Why is a flare-rich active region CME-poor?[OL].[16 November 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4661519


	10. Vertical wind shear and tropical cyclogenesis in the South China Sea
	ZHOU Jinshan,WANG Lei
	Earth Science 22 September 2015
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	Abstract:Tropical cyclones occur frequently in the South China Sea (SCS) and could cause serious disasters. The effects of vertical wind shear (VWS) on tropical cyclogenesis in the SCS were examined by using the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data during the period of 1997-2006. A relationship between the distribution of ten-year mean VWS and the genesis locations of TCs in the SCS was revealed. The results show the effects of the background mean VWS on TC formation in the SCS. TCs were formed in the northern SCS during the summer monsoon and in the southern SCS during the winter monsoon, with mean VWS below 20 m/s. No TCs formed in the southern part of the SCS during the summer monsoon nor in the northern part during the winter monsoon, both of which coincided with strong mean VWS above 20 m/s. The mean VWS in three days prior to TC formation in regions within 300 km around the TC genesis locations was calculated for 36 tropical cyclogenesis events in the SCS during the period from 1999 to 2006. The value of this mean VWS in the SCS was 9.69 m/s, which was slightly less than the ten-year monthly mean VWS (10.22 m/s). The results suggest that there were no significant changes in the VWS before tropical cyclogenesis within 300 km around the TC genesis locations in the SCS. By comparing the mean VWS in three days prior to TC formation and the ten-year monthly mean VWS for these 36 cyclogenesis events, a high VWS changing center with a VWS increment exceeding 8 m/s in three days prior to TC formation was found to occur to either the north or the south of the TC genesis location in 28 of these 36 events. The results give us helpful information when doing forecast for TC genesis in the SCS.
	TO cite this article:ZHOU Jinshan,WANG Lei. Vertical wind shear and tropical cyclogenesis in the South China Sea[OL].[22 September 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4655549

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