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	1. Application of Principal Component Extraction Technique in Processing Cloud Images
	WANG Zhenhui,Pei Xiaofang,Guan Li,Xu Jianming
	Earth Science 24 January 2008
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	Abstract:Principal Component Extraction technique is employed to process cloud images from 10-channel radiometer onboard the Chinese FY-1 polar-orbiting meteorological satellites. The results suggest that the consensus technique can concentrate the prominent distribution features of the grey shades of the targets, including clouds, landform and oceans shown on the 10 channel images onto a single image, which can be used as a background image in further synoptic system analysis and weather map overlapping.
	TO cite this article:WANG Zhenhui,Pei Xiaofang,Guan Li, et al. Application of Principal Component Extraction Technique in Processing Cloud Images[OL].[24 January 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/18350


	2. Numerical studies on totally barotropic modons in a two-layer quasi-geostrophic model
	Tan Benkui
	Earth Science 17 December 2007
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	Abstract:In this paper the totally barotropic modons the two-layer quasi-geostrophic model with bottom friction and topographic forcing are investigated numerically. It is shown that totally barotropic modons perturbed by the bottom friction behave differently depending on the internal Froude number. When the internal Froude number is small, the upper vortex pair of the modons are almost unaffected by the bottom friction while the lower vortex pair decay in their amplitude and velocity. When the internal Froude number is large, both the upper and lower vortex pairs decay and the lower pair of vortices decay much faster than the upper pair of vortices. It is also shown that the bottom friction parameterized by the classical Ekman pumping has weaker effects on the modons than the bottom friction parameterized by the Ekman pumping in form of surface stress. Perturbed by the bottom ridge, the modons behave also very differently depending on both the height of the ridge and the internal Froude number. For some range of parameters, the modons are very unstable to topography in the sense that they fission and separate into the upper and lower pairs of vortices traveling in two different wavy trajectories while for other range of parameters the upper pair of vortices can pass through the ridge, but the lower pair of vortices can not, being trapped by the ridge and gradually broken down or the modons are very robust to topographic forcing with their upper and lower pairs of vortices being tightly coupled together and the modons behave as a whole.
	TO cite this article:Tan Benkui. Numerical studies on totally barotropic modons in a two-layer quasi-geostrophic model[OL].[17 December 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/17018


	3. Topography-induced PV Banners over the middle and lower reaches of Yangtse River: Dabie mountain case with uniform and constant-stability flow
	Wang Qiwei,Tan Zhemin
	Earth Science 20 November 2006
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	Abstract:Topography-induced potential vorticity (PV) banners over Dabie mountain under ideal dry uniform flow is studied. Obvious PV banners generate over the leeside with a maximal intensity of ~1.5 PVU. The PV banners extend more than 100km downstream while the width of the PV banners varies from several kilometers to tens kilometers which can be contrasted with the half-width of the peaks along the Dabie mountain ridge. Wave breaking occurs near leeside topography surface where the isentropic surface intersects with the mountain and strong PV generates. This PV combines with the PV generated due to friction and flow-splitting upstream and then are advected into the downstream to form the PV banners. Sensitivity of the PV banners to some key ingredients, such as the model resolution (the complexity of the topography), coriolis force, friction, subgrid turbulent mixing, flow stability, wind speed and wind direction, are tested. The negative PV banners have more compact connection with the low level turbulent kinetic energy. Topography-induced PV banners can be divided into two parts, the horizontal part associated with baroclinic effects and the vertical part associated with stratification. The vertical part can identify the distribution of the PV banners while the horizontal part only has important contributions leeside near the topography. Nonadvective PV flux is diagnosed to investigate the influence of the friction on the PV banners. Similar patterns are found between the total PV flux and the advective PV flux except the values of the PV flux near surface and at lower levels and insides of the PV banners. The nonadvective PV flux always has negative contribution to the total PV flux.
	TO cite this article:Wang Qiwei,Tan Zhemin. Topography-induced PV Banners over the middle and lower reaches of Yangtse River: Dabie mountain case with uniform and constant-stability flow[OL].[20 November 2006] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/9704


	4. Visibility Comparisons over the Horizontal Path by Lidar and Visibility Meter
	Sun Zhaobin,Guo Jinjia,Liu Zhishen,Ma Sen,Liu Zhen
	Earth Science 10 February 2006
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	Abstract:Abstract: As a new tool to detect atmosphere, 1idar can derive the value of visibility by directly collecting the scattered laser from the atmosphere. It makes lidar become a main instrument for measuring visibility in the future．Simultaneous measurements of atmosphere visibility by Micro-pulsed lidar and visibility meter NQ-1 have been performed to validate the feasibility of MPL systems designed by Ocean Remote Sensing Laboratory ,Ocean University Of China， from October 21 2005 to November 21 2005 in ShiLaoRen Tour Garden in Qingdao . This paper summarizes the characters of the lidar system and the comparison results.
	TO cite this article:Sun Zhaobin,Guo Jinjia,Liu Zhishen, et al. Visibility Comparisons over the Horizontal Path by Lidar and Visibility Meter[OL].[10 February 2006] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/5193


	5. Methane Hydrates and Future Climate
	Li Fangxing,Zunfeng Liu,Dongpoing Liu,Ruimin Sun,Jun Chen
	Earth Science 31 October 2005
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	Abstract:The formation and release of methane hydrates, an important way of carbon cycle which follows a certain rule, has led to glacial-interglacial climate cycles. But up till now, no model can satisfactorily consistent explain the influence of methane hydrates cycle on the glacial-interglacial climate cycles. In this paper, a model is built to explain how this process works. As we all know, for life to continue, carbon must be recycled. The formation of coal and oil decreased the amount of cycling carbon, while the formation and release of methane hydrates can ensure the carbon cycle to proceed; therefore, we don’t have to worry about the increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2.
	TO cite this article:Li Fangxing,Zunfeng Liu,Dongpoing Liu, et al. Methane Hydrates and Future Climate[OL].[31 October 2005] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/3414

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