Abstract:Reticulate laterites have been well-developed on the top regolith materials of South China. Two typical profiles, Linjiang and Jiaoling, are selected and their ages and major elements are determined. The data from three thermoluminescence (TL) and three optically stimulated luminescence datas reveal that both reticulate laterites of Linjiang and Jiaoling profiles correspond well with the late quaternary, especially the last interglacial. The geochemical data show that strong-weathered reticulate laterites are mainly composed of SiO2, Al2O3 and TFe, which tend to be easily assembled under warm and wet conditions, and the distributing limits are 60.32 to 67.81%, 17.52 to 21.32% and 4.17 to 5.96% in Linjiang and 50.10% to 53.14%,23.07% to 24.44%,10.18% to 11.40%, in respect. The other major elements such as Na2O, CaO, MgO, which tend to be easily eluviated under warm and wet conditions, and their distributing limits were all below 0.50%, showing being violently eluviated. These geochemical characteristics (such as major elements' distributings, weathering eigenvalues and CIA values) indicated both reticulate laterites of Linjiang and Jiaoling profiles have undergone the intensive weathering of biochemistry under the tropical-subtropical wetter and warmer climate-environment, which apparently reflects the climate was rather wetter and warmer during late quaternary, especially the last interglacial in Northeastern Guangdong province.

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	1. Major Element Characteristics of the Reticulate Laterites and their Indicative Weathering Intensity in Northeastern Guangdong Province, China during the Late Pleistocene
	Wen Xiaohao
	Earth Science 01 March 2013
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	Abstract:Reticulate laterites have been well-developed on the top regolith materials of South China. Two typical profiles, Linjiang and Jiaoling, are selected and their ages and major elements are determined. The data from three thermoluminescence (TL) and three optically stimulated luminescence datas reveal that both reticulate laterites of Linjiang and Jiaoling profiles correspond well with the late quaternary, especially the last interglacial. The geochemical data show that strong-weathered reticulate laterites are mainly composed of SiO2, Al2O3 and TFe, which tend to be easily assembled under warm and wet conditions, and the distributing limits are 60.32 to 67.81%, 17.52 to 21.32% and 4.17 to 5.96% in Linjiang and 50.10% to 53.14%,23.07% to 24.44%,10.18% to 11.40%, in respect. The other major elements such as Na2O, CaO, MgO, which tend to be easily eluviated under warm and wet conditions, and their distributing limits were all below 0.50%, showing being violently eluviated. These geochemical characteristics (such as major elements' distributings, weathering eigenvalues and CIA values) indicated both reticulate laterites of Linjiang and Jiaoling profiles have undergone the intensive weathering of biochemistry under the tropical-subtropical wetter and warmer climate-environment, which apparently reflects the climate was rather wetter and warmer during late quaternary, especially the last interglacial in Northeastern Guangdong province.
	TO cite this article:Wen Xiaohao. Major Element Characteristics of the Reticulate Laterites and their Indicative Weathering Intensity in Northeastern Guangdong Province, China during the Late Pleistocene[OL].[ 1 March 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4523823


	2. Driving forces of species extinction in framentated habitat
	Liu Huiyu
	Earth Science 15 January 2013
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	Abstract:In this paper, Habitat fragmentation can reduce not only species abundance, but also effective colonization ability, and further change the interpecific competition. Habitat fragmentation is one of the leading causes of species extinction. However, extinction may come from habitat destruction or competition, which is not revealed explicitly. In this paper, we simulated the species extinction response to spatial-temporal heterogeneity by cellular automata, and further study the effects of habitat destruction and interspecific competition. The results show that: 1) the extinction of superior competitor comes from habitat destruction. 2) the extinction of inferior competitor comes from habitat destruction and competition under random destruction, while comes from competition under edge destruction; 3) extinction time resulting from both habitat destruction and competition is very short, reversely, extinction time solely from habitat destruction or competition is very long.
	TO cite this article:Liu Huiyu. Driving forces of species extinction in framentated habitat[OL].[15 January 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4513524

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	3. Estimation of phytoplankton primary production based on in situ hyperspectral and simulated MERIS data in Taihu Lake, China
	LI Yunmei,LE Chengfeng,ZHA Yong,SUN Deyong
	Earth Science 15 November 2012
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	Abstract:This study attempts to demonstrate the possibility of hyperspectra reflectance and MERIS data in estimating primary production. Reflectance spectra of waters in shallow Taihu Lake of East China were measured at 50 monitoring stations with an ASD FieldSpec spectroradiometer during 8-22 November of 2007. Primary production at the 50 stations was calculated from the vertically generalized production model. The relationship between primary production and reflectance was established via regression analysis. It was found that strong correlation exists between primary production and reflectance at 443nm and 679nm. The reflectance at these two wavelengths Rrs(443) and Rrs(679) can explain 70% and 65% variance in primary production, respectively. The ratio of two bands is more accurately than a single band in estimating primary production, but the accuracy depends considerably on the range of primary production. Primary production was also estimated from MERIS channels in the vicinity of 443nm (band 2), 555nm (band 5) and 679nm (band 8). These simulated channels can be used to estimate primary production satisfactorily. However, individual bands can achieve more accurate estimates than the ratio of multiple bands.
	TO cite this article:LI Yunmei,LE Chengfeng,ZHA Yong, et al. Estimation of phytoplankton primary production based on in situ hyperspectral and simulated MERIS data in Taihu Lake, China[OL].[15 November 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4495879


	4. Paleomagnetic age constraints and paleoclimate implications from Miocene fine-grained sediments of the Tianshui Basin, western China
	ZHANG Jun,LI Jijun,SONG Chunhui,ZHAO Zhijun,XIE Guangpu,WANG Xiuxi,HUI Zhengchuang,PENG Tingjiang
	Earth Science 18 September 2012
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	Abstract:Miocene strata from the Tianshui Basin of western China have received intense attention recently because these sediments have been interpreted as some of the earliest loess deposits in eastern Asia. Detection of lower Miocene loess revises the estimated timing of inland Asian desertification from 8 Ma back to 22 Ma. However, strata with diagnostic sedimentary structures irreconcilable with eolian loess are also commonly observed in the Tianshui Basin. Therefore, constraining ages of fine-grained sediments in the Tianshui Baisn will provide a test of recent provocative interpretations about the initiation of inland Asian desertification. Here we date an interval of fine-grained sediments with non-eolian sedimentary structures from the Tianshui Basin and find that age of this succession is quite similar to the purported lower Miocene loess deposits. We argue that more diagnistic provenance tools need be applied to fine-grained Miocene sediments from the Tianshui Basin before one can confidently state that these sediments are indeed loess and inland Asian desertification had occurred by 22 Ma.
	TO cite this article:ZHANG Jun,LI Jijun,SONG Chunhui, et al. Paleomagnetic age constraints and paleoclimate implications from Miocene fine-grained sediments of the Tianshui Basin, western China[OL].[18 September 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4489893


	5. A web-based geographic hypermedia system: data model, system design and prototype applications
	KONG Yunfeng,LIU Xinliang
	Earth Science 01 February 2011
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	Abstract:Geographic hypermedia (GH) is a rich and interactive map document with geo-tagged graphics, sound and video elements. A geographic hypermedia system (GHS) is designed to manage, query, display and explore GH resources. GHS has various applications such as geographic education, tourism marketing and facility management. Recognizing emerging geo-tagged videos and measurable stereo videos as valuable geographic data resources, this paper aims to design a web-based GHS using web mapping, geoprocessing, video streaming and XMLHTTP services. The concept, data model, system design and implementation of this GHS are discussed in detail. For presenting, querying and displaying video data in the GH document, the authors introduce a mixed strategy for data organization. The geo-tagged video data entities include video clip, video path, frame and frame-based descriptions. These data were organized into video files, GIS layers with linear reference and XML documents for publishing via video streaming services, web mapping services or XMLHTTP services respectively. Similarly, the geo-tagged stereo video and derived data were modeled as interrelated elements: original video, rectified video, stereo video, video path, frame, frame-based geospatial description, 3D surface model and measurable image (rectified and disparity image with baseline, interior and exterior parameters). The geospatial data and multimedia data were integrated in DHTML pages or as rich internet applications (RIA) using standard web technologies such as AJAX, ASP.NET, Java and RIA frameworks. The SOA-based GHS was designed using four types of web services: ArcGIS Server 9.3 web mapping and geoprocessing services, Flash FMS 3.0 video streaming services and GeoRSS XMLHTTP services. The prototype system was implemented using existing web technology such as DHTML with JavaScript, Asp.Net and Adobe RIA. GHS applications in road facility management and campus hypermapping indicated that the GH data models and system frameworks introduced in this paper are useful and flexible enough for wider deployment as a GHS.
	TO cite this article:KONG Yunfeng,LIU Xinliang. A web-based geographic hypermedia system: data model, system design and prototype applications[OL].[ 1 February 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4410150


	6. Variation of the Moisture Index from March to August during Recent 100 Years Indicated by Tree Ring of Luoshan Mountains
	Wang Yajun,Ma Yuzhen,Lu Ruijie,Sang Yanli,Meng Hongwei
	Earth Science 06 January 2011
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	Abstract:The tree-ring width of Pinus Tabulaeformis from Luoshan Mountains correlates positively with the monthly precipitation and negatively with the monthly temperature during the growing season. There is a more significant relation between tree-ring width and the moisture index (P/T): the simultaneous influence of precipitation and temperature. The reconstructed equation of the moisture index from March to August is developed using the tree-ring width, with a correlation coefficient of 0.621, and reaches 0.001 significent level. The reconstructed moisture index shows that there is a markable change of humid and dryness during recent 100 years, The reconstructed moisture index lower than average reflects the drought years recorded in historical documents; By constrasting with other areas, the dry period from 1923 to 1931 is correspondent with the period of high temperature and low precipitation during the 1920s' and 1930s' at Northwest, North China and Yangtze River Basin in China. Moreover, the humid period from 1939 to 1944 corresponds well with those of Qilianshan Mountains, the south Plateau of Qinghai and the East Tianshan Mountains, etc, and also with the period of low temperature and high precipitation after 1940s' at Northwest, North China and Yangtze River Basin in China. After primary analysis we conclude that the moisture index within 100 years of Luoshan records the dry and wet change of Northwest at least and may be close with the climatic change in large range.
	TO cite this article:Wang Yajun,Ma Yuzhen,Lu Ruijie, et al. Variation of the Moisture Index from March to August during Recent 100 Years Indicated by Tree Ring of Luoshan Mountains[OL].[ 6 January 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4404537


	7. Numericle simulation of the formation of star dunes with DNS method
	Zhang Ruyan ,Luo Chunmei
	Earth Science 29 October 2010
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	Abstract:In this paper, the star dunes with five arms are simulated numerically in order to make clear the mechanism of the formation. The numerical method employed in this study can be divided into three parts: (1) Calculation of the air flow above the sand dunes; (2) Estimation of the sand transfer caused by the flow through the friction; (3) Determination of the shape of the sand ground. Since the computational area has been changed due to the last step, these procedures are repeated until typical shapes of the sand dunes are formed. When the winds blow from five directions, the sand dune extends at five directions and becomes the shape of a star with five arms.
	TO cite this article:Zhang Ruyan ,Luo Chunmei. Numericle simulation of the formation of star dunes with DNS method[OL].[29 October 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4389812


	8. Implications for OSL dating of young sediments(<100 years old): a comparison of OSL ages with independent ages
	Fan Tianlai,Fan Yuxin
	Earth Science 03 March 2010
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	Abstract:We explore the use of quartz optically stimulated luminescence dating of young aeolian dust deposits for reconstructing high-resolution chronology on a time scale of decadals. Samples potentially experiencing long/short transpotation are taken from surface layer of buildings on the northern bank of the Yellow River, Lanzhou, China. The maxmium ages of dust deposits are known from historical sources. De values were calculated basing on the luminescent signals measured using SAR protocol in middle aliquots, and range from 0.16 Gy to 1.78 Gy, indicating that the residual luminescent signals can not be ignored. The potential Optical Stimulated Luminescence ages were estimated using dose rate obtained in loess samples on the Loess Plateau in China. And the final results show that even the minimal De components were taken into account, the OSL age of the youngest samples is estimated to be 32 years, which is obviously older than the history of the building. It is thus concluded that luminescent signals of dusts are possibly unbleached before they were buried, however, the Optical Stimulated Luminescence ages and high-resolution chronology can be obtained on time scale of decades. Besides, more caution should be paid to the application of quartz OSL dating on decadal timescale.
	TO cite this article:Fan Tianlai,Fan Yuxin. Implications for OSL dating of young sediments(<100 years old): a comparison of OSL ages with independent ages[OL].[ 3 March 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/40386


	9. Research Status and Prospect of 3D Green Biomass Measures of Urban Forest
	Song Jinxiu ,Zhang Xiaoli
	Earth Science 22 October 2009
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	Abstract:Three-dimension green biomass refers to the volume formed by stems and leaves of a plant. It overcomes the limitation of two-dimension indices, and more accurately reflects the rationality of the plant spatial constitution and the level of ecological benefit. This paper summarizes the research advances on TGB, expatiates its concept, introduces main calculate methods of TGB, and puts forward some key problems and the view on research direction of TGB measurement. The research of TGB measurement not only is important for the establishment of a city’s green database, but also provides an important index for the evaluation of urban green area. Therefore, it is useful for studying of the green environmental benefit.
	TO cite this article:Song Jinxiu ,Zhang Xiaoli . Research Status and Prospect of 3D Green Biomass Measures of Urban Forest[OL].[22 October 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/36007


	10. Urban Expansion Analysis based on multi-temporal Remote Sensing and GIS in Wujiang, a typical Desakota in Sunan, China (1978-2004)
	ZHU Yuexia,ZHANG Xiaoxiang,A Huijuan
	Earth Science 18 April 2008
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	Abstract:Rapid economic development during the last three decades has caused a large urban expansion in China, especially in the eastern and coastal areas of China. In these areas, a special urban expansion mode, Desakota (Semi-urbanization), is very popular. Wujiang, a typical Desakota are in Sunan, is chose as the research area to study the special urban expansion based on multi-temporal Remote Sensing and GIS. In this study, maximum likelihood supervised classification and post-classification change detection techniques were applied to Landsat MSS/TM images acquired in 1978, 1986, 1993, 2000, and 2004, respectively, to map land cover changes in the Wujiang, China. A supervised classification was carried out on the five images individually with the aid of ground truth data. Ground truth information collected during two field trips conducted between 2005, 2007 and land use map of 1997, 2004 were used to assess the accuracy of the classification results. Using ancillary data, visual interpretation and expert knowledge of the area through GIS further refined the classification results. Post-classification change detection technique was used to produce change image through cross-tabulation calculation. Changes among different land cover classes were assessed. During the study period, a very severe land cover change has taken place as a result of industrial and urban development projects. These changes in land cover led to cropland degradation in the study area. Result indicates the environmental impacts of urban sprawl of Wujiang. The research suggests that human activities, such as urbanization and industrialization, were playing a much more significant role in the change of land cover and landscape pattern during the last 30 years from 1978.
	TO cite this article:ZHU Yuexia,ZHANG Xiaoxiang,A Huijuan. Urban Expansion Analysis based on multi-temporal Remote Sensing and GIS in Wujiang, a typical Desakota in Sunan, China (1978-2004)[OL].[18 April 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/20641

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