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	1. Investigation of boron-oxygen complex in p-type compensated Czochralski silicon
	WU Yichao,YU Xuegong,YANG Deren
	Energy Science and Technology 13 December 2012
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	Abstract:The boron-oxygen (B-O) complexes responsible for light induced degradation (LID) in p-type compensated Czochralski (CZ) silicon have been investigated on the basis of a bi-exponential function fitting in this paper. It is found that the activation energy for the slow generation process of B-O defect in the dopant-compensated CZ silicon is 0.43 eV, close to that of the non-compensated CZ silicon. It suggests that the B-O defects in the p-type conventional and compensated CZ silicon have the same configuration. The corresponding pre-exponential factor of B-O defect generation in the compensated sample is one order of magnitude higher than that in the conventional silicon. This could be explained by P atoms existing in the neighborhood of B atoms and therefore influencing its capture for oxygen dimer. These results are significant for us to understand the behaviors of B-O defects in the compensated CZ Silicon.
	TO cite this article:WU Yichao,YU Xuegong,YANG Deren. Investigation of boron-oxygen complex in p-type compensated Czochralski silicon[OL].[13 December 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4501420


	2. Gallium doped Czochralski silicon with phosphorus compensation for photovoltaic application
	CHEN Peng,YU Xuegong,Yang Deren
	Energy Science and Technology 13 December 2012
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	Abstract:In this paper, we compare the properties of the gallium-doped Czochralski (Ga-Cz) silicon and the gallium-phosphorus co-doped Czochralski (GP-Cz) silicon. It shows that both majority and minority carrier mobility in Cz silicon are reduced due to the Ga and P compensation. However, the reduction of carrier mobility is not as severe as expected by Klaassen's model. The infrared absorption spectra for GP-Cz samples show that the Ga- and P-related bands significantly get broadened. It is suggested that a portion of P atoms are trapped by Ga atoms to form the Ga-P pairs, resulting in the reduction of carrier scattering centers. The solar cells based on GP-Cz silicon have comparable efficiencies with the Ga-Cz silicon solar cells, implying that the Ga and P compensation is not critical for its photovoltaic application.
	TO cite this article:CHEN Peng,YU Xuegong,Yang Deren. Gallium doped Czochralski silicon with phosphorus compensation for photovoltaic application[OL].[13 December 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4501417

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	3. Property improvement of bio-oil by ultra-high pressure processing
	HE Ronghai,YE Xiaofei,MA Haile
	Energy Science and Technology 27 November 2012
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	Abstract:Bio-oils produced from fast pyrolysis need to be upgraded before application as fuel due to their poor physicochemical properties. In this submission, we probed the potential of continuous ultra-high pressure processing (high pressure homogenization (HPH)) technique in improving physicochemical properties of switchgrass bio-oil. The homogenization pressures for different bio-oil samples were 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300MPa, respectively. The results showed that viscosity of switchgrass bio-oil decreased remarkably to 70% of the original value after homogenization treatment at pressure of 100MPa, and it didn't significantly change when homogenization pressure continued to increase; solid content significantly decreased, and water content, heating value, density, pH value, and ash content of switchgrass bio-oil did not change after HPH. The average molecular weight of switchgrass bio-oil was proved to appreciably decrease after homogenization. And the oil's chemical composition changed. HPH processing remarkably improved switchgrass bio-oil stability. Economic calculation demonstrated the operation cost was only 1.07 US cents/L for bio-oil HPH processing at 100MPa.
	TO cite this article:HE Ronghai,YE Xiaofei,MA Haile. Property improvement of bio-oil by ultra-high pressure processing[OL].[27 November 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4498184


	4. Fast Analysis of Bio-oil Properties by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
	HE Ronghai,YE Xiaofei,LIU Lu
	Energy Science and Technology 27 November 2012
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	Abstract:Over 400 organic compounds exist in bio-oil, and the analysis of bio-oil physicochemical properties is tedious, time-consuming, and expensive. This study investigated the feasibility of using Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) in rapid analysis of bio-oil by using pre-processing technique and principal component analysis (PCA) method to obtain multiple physical and chemical properties of bio-oil. Switchgrass bio-oil samples produced under nine different pyrolysis conditions were used. Pearson correlation analysis shows strong relationship between chemical compounds and between some physical properties. PCA method can well separate bio-oil samples based on their physicochemical properties. Second derivative spectra pretreatment can remarkably eliminate physical effects of bio-oil FTIR spectra, and PCA score plot shows the discrimination in different bio-oil samples. Such a rapid analysis would lead to better quality control in bio-oil production and allow insight for bio-oil upgrading.
	TO cite this article:HE Ronghai,YE Xiaofei,LIU Lu. Fast Analysis of Bio-oil Properties by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy[OL].[27 November 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4498187


	5. Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin Films Prepared by Selenization of One-step Electrochemically Deposited Cu-Zn-Sn-Se Precursors
	Meng Mingming,Wan Lei,Zou Peng,Miao Shiding,Xu Jinzhang
	Energy Science and Technology 09 October 2012
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	Abstract:A non-vacuum strategy was reported in facile preparation of kesterite-type Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin films via selenization of one-step electrochemically prepared Cu-Zn-Sn-Se precursors. The Cu-Zn-Sn-Se precursor films were prepared by electrochemical deposition from electrolytes containing CuSO4, ZnSO4, SnCl4 and H2SeO3, and the substrate is a Mo coated soda-lime glass. The CZTSe thin films were obtained by annealing the electrochemically deposited films in the selenium vapors at the temperature of 550 C. The crystal phases, micro-structures, chemical compositions and optical properties of CZTSe films have been studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), Raman scattering spectrum, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopic means. The results revealed that the electrolytes with Cu:Zn:Sn:Se molar ratio of 3:70:20:3 yields nearly pure phase of kesterite, and a band gap of 0.94eV was determined by spectroscopic measurements.
	TO cite this article:Meng Mingming,Wan Lei,Zou Peng, et al. Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin Films Prepared by Selenization of One-step Electrochemically Deposited Cu-Zn-Sn-Se Precursors[OL].[ 9 October 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4491026


	6. Ecological Industry Chain Project Decision Study Based on Price View
	Yu Haijie,Su Sheng
	Energy Science and Technology 17 August 2012
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	Abstract:Ecological industry were qualitatively and quantitatively studied from the price perspective in this paper, because price study before it comes into being is more important than after it happened. We proposed that price should guide and constrain people's choices. Then chose four subsystems: economic, social, environmental, energy, constructed price and interest evaluation indexes systems, used analytic hierarchy process, quantitatively analyzed interest and price of enterprise's project based on experts' experience, gave every index weight. At last, accounting to price and interest of different project, made decision of enterprise.
	TO cite this article:Yu Haijie,Su Sheng. Ecological Industry Chain Project Decision Study Based on Price View[OL].[17 August 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4486669


	7. Characterization and Performance of Dot/PS Nanoencapsulated Phase Change Materials as Latent Functionally Thermal Fluid
	FANG Yutang,YANG Guo,LIU Hong,GAO Xuenong,ZHANG Zhengguo
	Energy Science and Technology 17 April 2012
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	Abstract:Latent functionally thermal fluid (LFTF) with encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) is widely used in thermal control, the cooling of electronic equipments, fluidized beds, and other systems that require high heat transfer efficiency. A novel LFTF with nanoencapsulated phase change material (NEPCM) composed of polystyrene (PS) as shell and n-dotriacontane(Dot) as core was synthesized by ultrasonically initiated miniemulsion polymerization. The composition, morphology and the thermal properties of NEPCM were characterized by particle size analyzer, TEM, FT-IR，DSC and TG. The results showed that the prepared capsules were regularly spherical with average diameter of 163.4 nm and latent heat of 158.4kJ kg-1. The fluid performance showed that the synthesized latex was of high specific heat capacity, excellent freeze-thaw resistance, mechanical stability and low viscosity, thus it is very suitable for being used as latent functionally thermal fluid.
	TO cite this article:FANG Yutang,YANG Guo,LIU Hong, et al. Characterization and Performance of Dot/PS Nanoencapsulated Phase Change Materials as Latent Functionally Thermal Fluid[OL].[17 April 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4475728


	8. Preparation of a Novel TiO2 Array-Cluster Film for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells by Hydrothermal Reaction
	QIN Haiyang,ZHUANG Jia
	Energy Science and Technology 13 April 2012
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	Abstract:In this work, one type of novel and thick TiO2 array-cluster film was prepared with hydrothermal method which was low cost and simple. It was found that this type of TiO2 film grew on the FTO substrate was a structure of two-layer and had the tetragonal rutile phase from the FESEM images and the XRD patterns. However, the subjacent layer of the two layers was TiO2 array, while the supernatant layer was TiO2 clusters, and both of them were formed from TiO2 rods which developed from finer TiO2 nanorods. The thickness of this type of TiO2 film could reach to 22.9μm, and without any modification treatment, a light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 1.24% was achieved by using 22.9μm-thick TiO2 array-cluster film which was prepared under the 0.06mol/L-dosage of tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT), at 140℃ for 72h and the FTO substrates placed at 180-degree angle as the photoanode in a DSSC.
	TO cite this article:QIN Haiyang,ZHUANG Jia. Preparation of a Novel TiO2 Array-Cluster Film for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells by Hydrothermal Reaction[OL].[13 April 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4474443


	9. Preparation and Performance of ZnO Array Photoelectrodes Under Different Hydrothermal Reactions
	ZHUANG Jia,LI Linfeng
	Energy Science and Technology 10 April 2012
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	Abstract:In this paper, ZnO array photoelectrodes with different morphologies were prepared by different hydrothermal reactions, the relationship between morphology of ZnO arrays and performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was also reported. The morphologies of the prepared products were measured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results demonstrated that the obtained ZnO arrays were much different in length, aspect ratio and surface topography. The effects of morphology of ZnO arrays on the DSSC performance were investigated by current-voltage (J-V) characteristic test, and the parameters indicated that longer length, higher aspect ratio and hollow shape on the surface of ZnO arrays leaded to the short circuit current density (Jsc) increase, buffer layers provided by ZnO seed film and thick ZnO arrays resulted in the increase of open circuit voltage (Voc). The present research may be helpful to improve the conversion efficiency of ZnO array-based DSSCs.
	TO cite this article:ZHUANG Jia,LI Linfeng. Preparation and Performance of ZnO Array Photoelectrodes Under Different Hydrothermal Reactions[OL].[10 April 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4474579


	10. Effect of Froude number on entropy generation in separated flow
	CHEN Sheng
	Energy Science and Technology 04 February 2012
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	Abstract:Flow over a backward facing step (BFS) has been taken as a useful prototype to investigate characteristics of separated flow. However, to date the study on the effect of Froude number on entropy generation over BFS is absent yet although the flow pattern and heat transfer characteristic both would receive significant influence caused by variation of Froude number in many practical applications, for example in microelectromechanical systems and aerocrafts. In this paper, the effect of Froude number on entropy generation in BFS flow is reported for the first time. It is found that the distributions of local entropy generation number and Bejan number are significantly influenced by the variation of Froude number.
	TO cite this article:CHEN Sheng. Effect of Froude number on entropy generation in separated flow[OL].[ 4 February 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4465026

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