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	1. Optimum Design of Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Based on Long-term Performance Characteristics
	CUI Junkui,ZHAO Jun,WANG Huajun
	Energy Science and Technology 03 July 2008
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	Abstract:An optimal ground source heat pump (GSHP) system assures a problem-free operation over the entire life cycle, proper design method for the GSHP system is crucial. Different from traditional design methods, the presented method is modified by the long-term performance of a practical GSHP system, which is directly reflected by continuous temperature change of the ground, the ground thermal properties and other influential factors. Theoretically the operation of designed GSHP is simulated based on degree-day boundary conditions and building loads during the periods of ten years. Continuous experiment validation on the practical GCHP system has been carried out among the years of 2003 to 2007, using a computer data acquisition system. Through the comparison between experimental data and simulated results, the optimum design method of GSHP system is verified in practice.
	TO cite this article:CUI Junkui,ZHAO Jun,WANG Huajun. Optimum Design of Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Based on Long-term Performance Characteristics[OL].[ 3 July 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/22679


	2. The method to Evaluate Energy Value of Biofuel
	huang weidong,wu chundu,xia weidong,lili ding,shen xiansheng
	Energy Science and Technology 22 May 2008
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	Abstract:Present evaluation of biofuel gives little positive to negative net energy value of corn ethanol. It caused a lot of debates about the energy return on investment of ethanol. We redefine and evaluate Net Energy Value (NEV) of bioethanol, based on the energy input data in literature after changing the usage of the unfermented residue to simulate the future which maximizes the energy value of the biomass; and the energy is sorted as fuel, heat and electricity to solve the quality difference of input energy. We estimate NEV from 14 studies about bioethanol and petroleum. The results show that the net energy value for all bioethanol is very positive and not greatly influenced by single factor, but increase at low ethanol yield of biomass. It supports to develop biofuel for our energy and environmental goals and indicates that the net energy yield of unit land is very important parameter to evaluate the biofuel. We should develop a crop with high net energy yield of unit land to decrease land demand for energy production, and the crop can grow in agricultural marginal land with little or no fertilizer without competing with food production.
	TO cite this article:huang weidong,wu chundu,xia weidong, et al. The method to Evaluate Energy Value of Biofuel[OL].[22 May 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/21651


	3. Sustainable bioenergy from integrated biomass production and conversion process
	huang　weidong ,xia　weidong ,ye　taohong
	Energy Science and Technology 05 December 2007
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	Abstract:An integrated biomass production and conversion process is proposed wherein water floating plant grows in greenhouse and digested to biogas, biogas is used for power generation, undigested residue is used as fertilizer for biomass production as well as CO2. Modeling the processes with water hyacinth in tropic area demonstrates several major advantages of the integrated process. (1) The land area needed to grow the biomass to replace fossil fuel for present world power generation is only about 600000 km2, 0.4% land area of the world. (2) A close cycle of nutrient solves the fertilizer supply for biomass production and waste treatment for biomass conversion. (3) Nearly no pollution and greenhouse gas emit out to harm environment and global climate, and about 40% greenhouse gas will be reduced using the processes to replace all fossil fuel for power generation. (4) The proposed process can be applied in agriculturally marginal land.
	TO cite this article:huang　weidong ,xia　weidong ,ye　taohong . Sustainable bioenergy from integrated biomass production and conversion process[OL].[ 5 December 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/16744


	4. Modeling Non-aqueous Phase Liquid Displacement Process
	YANG Zhen-qing,SHAO Chang-jin,QIU Chao
	Energy Science and Technology 22 January 2007
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	Abstract:A pore-network model physically based on pore level multiphase flow is used to study the ware-NAPL displacement process , especially on the effects of the wettability,the water-NAPL interfacial tension, the fraction of NAPL-wet pores,and the initial water saturation for the diaplacement .The computed data show that, with the wettability of the mineralogy surface changes from strongly water-wet to NAPL-wet, the capillary pressure and the NAPL relative permeability gradually decrease,while the the water-NAPL interfacial tension has little effect on relative permeability to water ,but the initial water saturation has a profound effect on the water and NAPL relative permeability. The analysis result may help to understand the micro-structure displacement process of non-aqueous phase liquid and to provide the theoretical foundation for NAPL transfer controlling .
	TO cite this article:YANG Zhen-qing,SHAO Chang-jin,QIU Chao. Modeling Non-aqueous Phase Liquid Displacement Process[J].Petroleum Scinece，2007，4（3）：40~46.


	5. Preparation and Research of EOR used Microgel with High Resistance to Temperature and Salinity
	Li Fangxing ,Sun Ruimin,Rui Jiaming,Chen Shengnan,Yang Xiaoying ,Jiang Ping,Liu Fuha,Liu Weidong
	Energy Science and Technology 13 April 2006
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	Abstract:Polyacrylamide (PAM) microgel with low degree of cross-linking was synthesized in this study. Properties such as its water solution viscosity and EOR (enhanced oil recovery) were characterized. The influence of concentration and degree of cross-linking on EOR of the PAM microgel solution was studied. From these results, it is stated that this kind of microgel can improve the resistance to salinity and temperature, and can give an EOR much higher than partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution. In the condition of a salinity of 80000mg/L (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+), at 45℃ the microgel solution with a degree of cross-linking of 11.4% and a concentration of 1.5‰ have almost the same viscosity as compared with its fresh water solution at room temperature and gives a 25% improving sweep efficiency in laboratory core flooding test. This kind of microgel solution is very useful in chemical enhanced oil recovery process and has potential of industrial utilization.
	TO cite this article:Li Fangxing ,Sun Ruimin,Rui Jiaming, et al. Preparation and Research of EOR used Microgel with High Resistance to Temperature and Salinity[OL].[13 April 2006] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/6204

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