Abstract:Methane (CH4) is one of important greenhouse gases with chemical activity. The determination of isotopic compositions for CH4 emitted from the soils helps us to understand its production mechanisms. CH4 isotope measurements have been conducted for different types of global terrestrial ecosystems. However, no isotopic data of CH4 have been reported from Antarctic tundra soils. In this paper, the ornithogenic soil profiles were collected from four penguin colonies, and potential CH4 production rates and its δ13C were investigated based upon laboratory incubation experiments. The mean CH4 production rates are highly variable in these soil profiles, ranging from 0.7 to 20.3 μgCH4-C kg-1 h-1. These ornithogenic soils had high potential production rates of CH4 under ambient air incubation or under N2 incubation, indicating the importance of potential CH4 emissions from penguin colonies. Most of soil samples had higher δ13C-CH4 under N2 incubation (-39.28%~-43.53%) than under the ambient air incubation (-42.81%~ -57.19%). Highly anaerobic conditions were conductive to the production of CH4 enriched in 13C, and acetic acid reduction under N2 incubation might be predominant source for soil CH4 production. Overall the δ13C-CH4 showed a significant negative correlation with CH4 production rates in ornithogenic tundra soils under N2 incubation (R2=0.41, p<0.01) or under the ambient air incubation (R2=0.50, p<0.01). Potential CH4 production from ornithogenic soils showed a significant positive correlation with total phosphorus (TP) and NH4+-N contents, pH and soil moisture (Mc), but the δ13C-CH4 showed a significant negative correlation with TP and NH4+-N contents, pH and Mc, indicating that the deposition amount of penguin guano increased potential CH4 production rates from tundra soils, but decreased the δ13C-CH4. The CH4 emissions from the ornithogenic soils affect carbon isotopic compositions of atmospheric CH4 in coastal Antarctica.

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	1. Potential methane production rates and its carbon isotopic composition from ornithogenic tundra soils in coastal Antarctica
	Bao Tao,Zhu Renbin,Bai Bo,Xu Hua
	Environmental Science and Techology 02 June 2016
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	Abstract:Methane (CH4) is one of important greenhouse gases with chemical activity. The determination of isotopic compositions for CH4 emitted from the soils helps us to understand its production mechanisms. CH4 isotope measurements have been conducted for different types of global terrestrial ecosystems. However, no isotopic data of CH4 have been reported from Antarctic tundra soils. In this paper, the ornithogenic soil profiles were collected from four penguin colonies, and potential CH4 production rates and its δ13C were investigated based upon laboratory incubation experiments. The mean CH4 production rates are highly variable in these soil profiles, ranging from 0.7 to 20.3 μgCH4-C kg-1 h-1. These ornithogenic soils had high potential production rates of CH4 under ambient air incubation or under N2 incubation, indicating the importance of potential CH4 emissions from penguin colonies. Most of soil samples had higher δ13C-CH4 under N2 incubation (-39.28%~-43.53%) than under the ambient air incubation (-42.81%~ -57.19%). Highly anaerobic conditions were conductive to the production of CH4 enriched in 13C, and acetic acid reduction under N2 incubation might be predominant source for soil CH4 production. Overall the δ13C-CH4 showed a significant negative correlation with CH4 production rates in ornithogenic tundra soils under N2 incubation (R2=0.41, p<0.01) or under the ambient air incubation (R2=0.50, p<0.01). Potential CH4 production from ornithogenic soils showed a significant positive correlation with total phosphorus (TP) and NH4+-N contents, pH and soil moisture (Mc), but the δ13C-CH4 showed a significant negative correlation with TP and NH4+-N contents, pH and Mc, indicating that the deposition amount of penguin guano increased potential CH4 production rates from tundra soils, but decreased the δ13C-CH4. The CH4 emissions from the ornithogenic soils affect carbon isotopic compositions of atmospheric CH4 in coastal Antarctica.
	TO cite this article:Bao Tao,Zhu Renbin,Bai Bo, et al. Potential methane production rates and its carbon isotopic composition from ornithogenic tundra soils in coastal Antarctica[OL].[ 2 June 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4694055


	2. Metagenomic analysis and comparison of microbial community structure of aerobic activated sludge and anaerobic digestion sludge
	GUO Jianhua,PENG Yongzhen
	Environmental Science and Techology 21 May 2016
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	Abstract:Aerobic activated sludge and anaerobic digestion sludge contain highly complex microbial communities, which play a crucial role in both wastewater treatment and sludge management. Although the responsible microbes have been intensively studied, in communities of high complexity, conventional approaches based on 16S rRNA cannot completely reveal the whole microbial community structure. The metagenomic sequencing was applied to characterize and compare microbial community structure of aerobic activated sludge and anaerobic digestion sludge from a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant. Over 3.0 gigabases of metagenomic sequence data were generated with the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform for each sample. Taxonomic analysis by MG-RAST sever indicated bacteria were dominant in both samples, while archaea with a higher abundance were detected in the anaerobic digestion sludge. The aerobic activated sludge was dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Nitrospirae, and Actinobacteria, while the most abundant bacterial populations were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria in anaerobic digestion sludge. Key microorganisms and nitrogen metabolism in aerobic activated sludge and key microorganisms and pathways involved in methanogenesis were further revealed. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) distinctly dominate over ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in activated sludge. Denitrification, rather than anammox, is the major pathway to complete nitrogen removal. Meanwhile, the dominant proliferation of Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina, together with the functional affiliation of enzymes-encoding genes (Ack, PTA and ACSS) suggested an acetoclastic methanogenesis is the dominant methanogenesis pathway in anaerobic digester.
	TO cite this article:GUO Jianhua,PENG Yongzhen. Metagenomic analysis and comparison of microbial community structure of aerobic activated sludge and anaerobic digestion sludge[OL].[21 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4693657

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	3. Kinetics and microbial community analysis of sludge anaerobic digestion based on Micro-direct current treatment under different initial pH values
	Yuan Haiping
	Environmental Science and Techology 19 May 2016
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	Abstract:The effects of Micro-direct current treatment (Micro-DC) on anaerobic digestion of sludge under different initial pH values were investigated in this study. Biogas production and VS removal rate tests were conducted to determine the optimum initial pH value based on the Micro-DC treatment, and the evolution of archaeal community was also investigated through high-throughput sequencing method to reveal its mechanism. Furthermore, First-order kinetics, Transfer function model and Cone model were employed to reveal the principle kinetics of methane production from waste activated sludge (WAS). The results showed that the optimum initial pH was 9.0 with the Micro-DC treatment of 0.6 V, with which the methane production could be greatly upgraded with a value of 224 mL CH4/g-VS as well as a VS removal rate of 38.07% after 32 days digestion. Micro-DC treatment with an initial pH value of 9.0 enhanced the microbial activities and avoided the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and free ammonia ([NH3]) and subsequent inhibition, inducing a stable digestion environment. The archaeal community analysis showed that Methanosaeta dominated in the treatments with initial pH values between 5.0 and 9.0, while they were Methanobacterium and Methanoculleus in the treatments at initial pH values of 3 and 11, respectively. Model simulation presented that the Cone model fitted the experiment data better and the calculated parameters indicated that anaerobic digestion of sludge at near-neutral pH values has shorter lag phase and higher hydrolysis rate. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between Methanosaeta relative abundance and biogas production.
	TO cite this article:Yuan Haiping. Kinetics and microbial community analysis of sludge anaerobic digestion based on Micro-direct current treatment under different initial pH values[OL].[19 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4690123


	4. Anaerobic digestion of sludge treated by micro-direct current stimulation: Role of microbial community structure and initial sludge concentrations
	Yuan Haiping
	Environmental Science and Techology 17 May 2016
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	Abstract:To recover bioenergy from the sludge, electronical-assistant anaerobic digestion was used as an efficient method. The optimal applied voltage was set at 0.6 V with an optimal pH value of 9.0. The effects of different initial sludge concentrations (15-45 g/L) on the performance of sludge anaerobic digestion with Micro-DC treatment were explored. The evolution of microbial community was also investigated through high-throughput sequencing method as well as the biogas production and VS removal. Results showed that the optimal initial sludge concentration was 35g/L with the Micro-DC treatment of 0.6V, and the methane production was 139.4 mL CH4/g-VS as well as a VS removal rate of 46.7% at the end of the digestion time. Microbial community analysis showed that Pseudomonas functioned as hydrolytic bacteria and Methanosaeta an aceticlastic methanogen were dominated in all the reactors.
	TO cite this article:Yuan Haiping. Anaerobic digestion of sludge treated by micro-direct current stimulation: Role of microbial community structure and initial sludge concentrations[OL].[17 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4690470


	5. Effects of the Extracts of Phragmites australis on the Growth of Alternanthera philoxeroides
	ZHANG Zhen
	Environmental Science and Techology 13 May 2016
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	Abstract:In this paper, we investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of Phragmites australis on the growth of Alternanthera philoxeroides, which would be helpful to control A. philoxeroides. The results showed that: 1) The ethanol extract of P. australis had allelopathic inhibition on A. philoxeroides (Synthetical response index of allelopathy＜0), with that from stem of P. Australs showing strongest allelopathic effect on A. philoxeroides. 2) The ethanol extract of P. Australs decreased the bud number of ramets, root-top ratio and chlorophyll content, but increased the node number, plant height, leaf area, succulent degree and relative electric conductivity of A. philoxeroides. 3) The concentration of the ethanol extract of P. australis had little effect on the indexes of A. philoxeroides.
	TO cite this article:ZHANG Zhen. Effects of the Extracts of Phragmites australis on the Growth of Alternanthera philoxeroides[OL].[13 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4690286


	6. Competitive adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II) ions using complex gel beads
	CAO Jie,CAO Han,SONG Tao,WANG Yanling,FEI Dongtao,MENG Lingwei
	Environmental Science and Techology 10 May 2016
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	Abstract:The removal of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution by gel beads containing hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and chitosan components was investigated in competitive process. These gel beads exhibited a good performance for heavy metal removal. The removal order was Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Hg(II) when the concentration of each ion was equal. Moreover, the total metal uptake capacity in competitive process (2.04 mmol/g) is better than that in non-competitive process (Pb(II), 1.69 mmol/g). The effects of different experimental parameters, such as initial pH and temperature on the adsorption capacities were studied. Desorption study indicated that the gel beads were easy to be regenerated.
	TO cite this article:CAO Jie,CAO Han,SONG Tao, et al. Competitive adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II) ions using complex gel beads[OL].[10 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4687893


	7. Controllable synthesis of porous flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures and their morphology-dependent photocatalytic properties
	TIAN Minggang,JIA Xiaohua
	Environmental Science and Techology 29 March 2016
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	Abstract:Porous flower-like zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures are prepared by annealing layered precursor of zinc hydroxide carbonate. The morphology and crystal structure of the porous flower-like ZnO nanostructures are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. During the investigation, the temperature dependence of particle sizes, crystal structures and morphology of ZnO nanostructures were analyzed from room temperature to 700 C. Structural transitions were also discussed. The effect of annealing temperature on the photocatalytic properties were investigated. As the annealing temperature increased, the photocatalytic properties show a general enhancing tendency. The porous flower-like ZnO with high photocatalytic properties are obtained by annealing the sample at 700 C for 2 h. In addition, the relationship between the photocatalytic properties and the microstructure of the as-prepared flower-like ZnO nanostructures is also investigated.
	TO cite this article:TIAN Minggang,JIA Xiaohua. Controllable synthesis of porous flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures and their morphology-dependent photocatalytic properties[OL].[29 March 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4682469


	8. Fate and Removal of Various Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Typical Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment Systems
	Zhai Wenchao,Mao Daqing,Luo Yi
	Environmental Science and Techology 25 December 2015
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	Abstract:The high levels of antibiotic residues in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants (PWWTPs) make these plants the hotspots for the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study investigated the fate and removal of 11 subtypes ARGs for sulfonamide, tetracycline, β-lactam and macrolide resistance in each stage of two full-scale PWWTPs in northern China. The levels of typical ARG subtypes in the final effluents ranged from (2.56±0.13)×10^1 to (2.36±0.11)×10^7copies/ml. The absolute abundance of ARGs in effluents accounted for only 0.03%-78.1% of influents of the two PWWTPs, while the majority of the ARGs were transported to the dewatered sludge with concentrations from (2.65±0.43)×10^5 to (4.27±0.03)×10^10copies/g dry weight (dw). The total loads of ARGs discharged through dewatered sludge plus effluent was 1.01-14.09 folds higher than that in the raw influents, suggesting the proliferation of ARGs occurred in the wastewater treatment. The proliferation of ARGs mainly occurs in biological treatment process, such as aeration tank, anoxic tank, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and bio-contact oxidation, facilitates the proliferation of various ARGs, implying significant replication of certain subtypes of ARGs may be attributable to microbial growth. Chemical oxidation seems promising to remove ARGs, with removal efficiency ranged from 29.3% to 85.7%, while the partial correlation analysis showed significant correlations between antibiotic concentration and ARG removal. Thus the high antibiotic residues within the PWWTPs may have an influence on the proliferation, fate and removal of the associated ARG subtypes.
	TO cite this article:Zhai Wenchao,Mao Daqing,Luo Yi. Fate and Removal of Various Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Typical Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment Systems[OL].[25 December 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4673578


	9. Fe-modified activated carbon fiber and its application for Fenton degradation of Rhodamine B
	TANG Dandan,CHEN Long,ZHANG Gaoke
	Environmental Science and Techology 01 December 2015
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	Abstract:An efficient Fe-modified activated carbon fiber (ACF-Fe) was successfully prepared as a heterogeneous catalyst for Fenton egradation of Rhodamine B by in situ physical and chemical activation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirm the existence of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the ACF-Fe catalyst. N2 adsorption-desorption analysis shows the specific surface area of the ACF-Fe could reach 432 m2/g. It is a typical microporous material. The catalytic activity of the ACF-Fe catalyst was evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB 100 mg/L) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the dark. The removal rate of RhB was over 95 % and the COD removal percentage was over 75 % by ACF-Fe/H2O2 Fenton system. Moreover, the catalyst still showed good catalytic property after being recycled for five times. Finally, a possible catalytic mechanism was proposed.
	TO cite this article:TANG Dandan,CHEN Long,ZHANG Gaoke. Fe-modified activated carbon fiber and its application for Fenton degradation of Rhodamine B[OL].[ 1 December 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4666728


	10. Microbial diversity and structure variations with filter depth during excess sludge reduction by vermifiltration
	Xing Meiyan,Yang Gege,Liu Jing,Ma Xiaojie
	Environmental Science and Techology 16 November 2015
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	Abstract:The present study focuses on the effect of filter depth for the diversity and characteristics of microbial structure by conducting a novel four-stage vermifiltration (VF) system with earthworms. The results revealed that the microbial diversity along the filter depth was consistent with the sludge removal efficiency in the system, the distribution of earthworms and the change of organic materials by detecting SS, VSS and earthworms at each column. Specially, Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) indicated that there were varies of microbial communities at different depths in VF, of which dominant species were Proteobacteria, especially the γ-proteobacteria. Earthworm activity and the distribution of organic matter led to the differences of the dominant populations at different depths in VF. Furthermore, the earthworm-microorganism interaction contributed to aerobic bacteria being preferentially selected in system. Overall, the results of the study described that the filter depth played an important role in sludge reduction, microbial diversity and structure.
	TO cite this article:Xing Meiyan,Yang Gege,Liu Jing, et al. Microbial diversity and structure variations with filter depth during excess sludge reduction by vermifiltration[OL].[16 November 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4661488

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