Abstract:The purpose of this work is to establish a new domestic landfill gas (LFG) generation rate model accounting for the impact of leachate recirculation. FKTSR model, namely a LFG generation rate model of the First-order Kinetics and Two-Stage Reaction, in which nutrient balance for biochemical reaction in two main stages is taken into account. In this study, FKTSR model was modified by introduction of outflow function and organic acid conversion coefficient in order to represent the in-situ condition of nutrient loss through leachate. Laboratory experiments were carried out to simulate the impact of leachate recirculation and to verify the modified FKTSR model. The model calibration was then conducted using the observed data of experiments. Fitting results suggest that the new model gives satisfactory fits to experimental data, and the main parameters, LFG production potential (L0), reaction rate constant in first stage (K1), reaction rate constant in second stage (K2) of the modified FKTSR model are 64.746L, 0.202d-1, 0.338d-1, respectively, comparing to the old ones of 42.069L, 0.231d-1, 0.231d-1. The fitting result proves that the new model provides a better explanation for mechanisms involved for landfill gas generation.

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	1. Modified First-order Kinetics and Two-Stage Reaction (FKTSR) Land Fill Gas Generation Rate Model
	Chen Jiajun,Wang Hao,ZHANG Na
	Environmental Science and Techology 08 January 2009
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	Abstract:The purpose of this work is to establish a new domestic landfill gas (LFG) generation rate model accounting for the impact of leachate recirculation. FKTSR model, namely a LFG generation rate model of the First-order Kinetics and Two-Stage Reaction, in which nutrient balance for biochemical reaction in two main stages is taken into account. In this study, FKTSR model was modified by introduction of outflow function and organic acid conversion coefficient in order to represent the in-situ condition of nutrient loss through leachate. Laboratory experiments were carried out to simulate the impact of leachate recirculation and to verify the modified FKTSR model. The model calibration was then conducted using the observed data of experiments. Fitting results suggest that the new model gives satisfactory fits to experimental data, and the main parameters, LFG production potential (L0), reaction rate constant in first stage (K1), reaction rate constant in second stage (K2) of the modified FKTSR model are 64.746L, 0.202d-1, 0.338d-1, respectively, comparing to the old ones of 42.069L, 0.231d-1, 0.231d-1. The fitting result proves that the new model provides a better explanation for mechanisms involved for landfill gas generation.
	TO cite this article:Chen Jiajun,Wang Hao,ZHANG Na. Modified First-order Kinetics and Two-Stage Reaction (FKTSR) Land Fill Gas Generation Rate Model[OL].[ 8 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27474


	2. Research on Forecasting Method of Urban Water Demand Based on Fuzzy Theory
	Hongbo Liu,Tegang Deng,Hongwei Zhang
	Environmental Science and Techology 07 January 2009
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	Abstract:Water demand forecasting is of great importance in urban water supply management. A large number of researches have been done on water demand forecasting method, which requires easy operation and high accuracy. To meet the requirements, combining advantages of fuzzy inference system and neural network, a new forecasting method, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS), based on fuzzy theory was presented. In ANFIS, fuzzy rules are obtained from the data sample, and appropriate membership function parameters are gained through hybrid- learning algorithm, which contributes to effective and quick forecasting. Along with the properties of ANFIS, four input variables were brought up, which coupled all main impact factors together in the model. In the procedure of modeling and forecasting, the software, Matlab, can assist the design of ANFIS, which makes this method easy to master and operate for most users. Furthermore, a case was studied, and the results indicated that the predicting precision of this method can satisfy the engineering request.
	TO cite this article:Hongbo Liu,Tegang Deng,Hongwei Zhang. Research on Forecasting Method of Urban Water Demand Based on Fuzzy Theory[OL].[ 7 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27462

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	3. net energy yield comparing study for Biomass to methane and ethanol
	huang weidong,xia weidong
	Environmental Science and Techology 31 March 2008
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	Abstract:A detailed comparative analysis of biomass conversion efficiency for ethanol and methane is provided according to the conversion yield and energy consumption of the two conversion processes. The results demonstrate that net energy yield for methane is 0.50-0.83MJ/MJ fuel more than ethanol during biomass conversion, as all small biomolecule including hydrolysate from carbohydrate, protein and fat can be digested to methane, and only carbohydrate hydrolysate can be fermented to ethanol; the energy consumption for evaporation of less residue in digestion is less than in fermentation, and the energy consumption in removing CO2 from biogas through freezing for methane purification is much less than that in removing water from bioethanol through distillation for purification of ethanol. It was demonstrated that the comparative analysis is more credible than Life Cycle Analysis in screening conversion method for biomass.
	TO cite this article:huang weidong,xia weidong. net energy yield comparing study for Biomass to methane and ethanol[OL].[31 March 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/19937


	4. Study on the treatment of drinking water sources from the Yangtze River by using constructed wetland
	Angsumalin
	Environmental Science and Techology 28 March 2008
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	Abstract:This study was conducted to reduce ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in wastewater effluents by constructed wetland systems under four different influent ammonia nitrogen concentrations. To study the efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) removal through lab scale experiments in Vertical Integrated Constructed Wetland (VICW) systems. Constructed wetland, being simple in construction and maintenance and operation, is a biological system, which applies the interaction between media, plants, wastewater and microorganisms during the degradation of pollutants found in the wastewater. Laboratory scale experimental set-up tank was located at in Hydrology laboratory of Hohai University, Nanjing, China with dimensions of 1.0 m in length, 0.5 m in width and 0.8 m in depth. The media used were sand and rocks. The sand of down-flow tank is 0.7m and the other up-flow is 0.6m. The cattail plants (Typha angustifolia.) were chosen for all reactors of the constructed wetland system. The wastewater from the tank is using pumps to maintain a fixed flow rate at HRT of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days and 5 days. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was about 3 days for the best constructed wetland systems. Influent and effluent were analyzed for NH3-N, COD, TP and TN once every three days. The influent ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations for four different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) experimental runs were ~1.5, 13, 26 and 35 mg/l. Performance of Vertical Integrated Constructed Wetland (VICW) systems were evaluated and compared for different ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations in the synthetic wastewater used for this study.
	TO cite this article:Angsumalin. Study on the treatment of drinking water sources from the Yangtze River by using constructed wetland[OL].[28 March 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/19821


	5. Electrochemical hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorobiphenyl in aqueous solution using Pd-loaded cathode materials
	Yang Bo,Yu Gang,Liu Xitao,Huang Yaping
	Environmental Science and Techology 17 March 2008
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	Abstract:The electrochemical hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-MCB) in aqueous solution containing MeOH and surfactant was investigated under constant current electrolysis by using a membrane-separated flow-though cell operated in batch-recycle modes. The effects of catalyst type, cathode substrate, cathode recycle, and catalyst loading on the conversion of 1 mM 4-MCB were evaluated. The catalyst of Pd, Pt, or Ni and several types of cathode substrates such as metallic mesh/foam and activated carbon material were tested. It was found that the Pd-loaded nickel foam was most suitable to be used as cathode for the treatment of 4-MCB due to its high performance and stability, which could rapidly dechlorinate 4-MCB to biphenyl with 94.3% conversion and 91.5% yield under constant current of 15mA after 3h electrolysis. During the electrolysis, the current efficiencies and energy consumptions were in range of 5.5-20% and 2.1-7.9 kWh昸g-1, respectively.
	TO cite this article:Yang Bo,Yu Gang,Liu Xitao, et al. Electrochemical hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorobiphenyl in aqueous solution using Pd-loaded cathode materials[OL].[17 March 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/19379


	6. Treatment of aged-landfill-leachate using aged-sludge-based bioreactor
	WEI Yunmei ,ZHAO Youcai,Yan Li,Li Hongjiang
	Environmental Science and Techology 05 September 2007
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	Abstract:Sludge in the landfills and dumping sites becomes stabilized or aged during its long-term stabilization process. The aged sludge contains a wide spectrum and large quantity of microorganisms, which can effectively decompose refractory organic matter present in some wastewaters, such as Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill leachate. In this work, four biofiltration reactors consisted of the aged sewage sludge taken from a 5-year sludge lysimeter was used for biofiltration of aged MSW landfill leachate sampled from a closed landfill. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand（BOD）,Inorganic Carbon(IC) and NH3-N concentrations in the effluent were below 250 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 60 mg/L and 10 mg/L, in comparison the initial concentrations of about 1200 mg/L, 150 mg/L, 1100 mg/L and 1000 mg/L, respectively, at a volume hydraulic load below 35.4 L•m-3•d-1 and ambient temperature of 0-20°C . However, the removal of the total nitrogen (TN) was quite low, only around 20-60%. The NH3-N is mainly converted to nitrate-N. The removal of the total P is high, possibly because of the strong absorption capability of the aged sludge in the bioreactor used. The effluent looks clear, in comparison with the brownish color of the influent. The treatment process developed is cost-effective and easily operated.
	TO cite this article:WEI Yunmei ,ZHAO Youcai,Yan Li, et al. Treatment of aged-landfill-leachate using aged-sludge-based bioreactor[OL].[ 5 September 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/14882


	7. Degradation of Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R Solution with Internal Electrolysis Enhanced by Microwave Plasma
	Li Li,Zeng Qing-Fu,Ruan Xin-Chao ,Li Hai-Yan,Yang Jun,Lu Xiao-Hua
	Environmental Science and Techology 04 April 2007
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	Abstract:A kind of violent spark discharge between active carbon and iron is formed under microwave radiation, which making up of non-stable discharge plasma in microwave field. Under the work of microwave radiation and microwave plasma, active carbon’s absorbent ability and iron’s internal electrolysis reactive activity were regenerated. This study applied the technology of internal electrolysis enhanced by microwave plasma to degradate reactive brilliant blue KN-R solution. Before and after regeneration, the absorbance and CODCr value of solution were measured and SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) figures of the configuration of active carbon and iron were recorded and compared.
	TO cite this article:Li Li,Zeng Qing-Fu,Ruan Xin-Chao , et al. Degradation of Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R Solution with Internal Electrolysis Enhanced by Microwave Plasma[OL].[ 4 April 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/11965


	8. REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER AND NITROGEN IN MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER BY A NEW SUBMERGED MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR
	Fu Guokai,Zhou Qi,Yu Jian
	Environmental Science and Techology 20 March 2007
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	Abstract:This study examined the performance of a new submerged membrane bioreactor for the municipal wastewater, removal characteristics of different molecular weight organic matter, and the effect of operating parameters on removal of organic compounds and nitrogen. Under the continuous inflow and intermittent aerobic conditions, the new submerged membrane bioreactor could remove efficiently the organic matter, nitrogen and heavy metal in the municipal wastewater. Average removal rates of .DOC, CODcr, NH4-N, and T-N reached 75%, 90%, 95%, and 80% respectively. The removal of small molecular weight substance (MW<4,000 daltons) was low. The mediium molecular weight substance (MW=4,000～30,000 daltons) removal rate was more than 90%. The high molecular weight (MW>30,000 daltons) substance was accumulated in the bioreactor, but was removed by submerged micro-filtration membrane at the end. Hydraulic retention time, aeration time, and non-aeration time had considerable influence on removal of organic matter and nitrogen. The most beneficial HRT was 4 hours considering both technology and economy. The best aeration time and non-aeration time were 90min and 30min respectively under the condition of a total cycling time of 120 min.
	TO cite this article:Fu Guokai,Zhou Qi,Yu Jian. REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER AND NITROGEN IN MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER BY A NEW SUBMERGED MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR[OL].[20 March 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/11533


	9. Research on Composition and Recycle Value of Aged Refuse at Shanghai Refuse Landfill
	Yang Yujiang,Zhao Youcai
	Environmental Science and Techology 29 January 2007
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	Abstract:Refuse at Shanghai Refuse Landfill was excavated from the compartments closed from 1991 to 2004; and the composition of aged refuse was studied. The results show that plastic and rubber fractions were well preserved from photodegradation and oxygen aging in closed compartments, and can be recycled after simple pretreatment; the content of organic fraction, mainly including plastic fraction, increased logarithmically with placement time and will exceed inorganic fraction after 2010. Thus thermal treatment, such as incineration and hydrolysis, may be an effective way for the cycling of aged refuse.
	TO cite this article:Yang Yujiang,Zhao Youcai. Research on Composition and Recycle Value of Aged Refuse at Shanghai Refuse Landfill[OL].[29 January 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/10933


	10. Inactivation of Chironomid larvae with chlorine dioxide: a bench-scale and pilot-scale
	Cui Fuyi,Sun Xingbin
	Environmental Science and Techology 22 November 2006
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	Abstract:In this paper, the inactivation effects of chlorine and chlorine dioxide on Chironomid larvae were investigated and some boundary values in practice were determined under conditions of various oxidant dosage, organic precursor concentration and pH value. In addition, pilot-scale experiments of preoxidation cooperating with routine water clarification process for removal of Chironomid larvae was conducted at the Shenzhen Waterworks in Guangdong Prov., China. It was founded that chlorine dioxide possessed better inactivation effect than chlorine. Complete inactivation of Chironomid larvae in raw water was resulted by ClO2 dose of 1.5 mg l-1 with contact time of 30 min. Additionally, the organic precursor concentration, pH value had little influence on the inactivation effect. At pilot-scale, 78% and 92% of removal efficiency may be attained by sedimentation and filtration process respectively under no oxidant dosing condition. Chironomid larvae can be completely removed from water body by chlorine dioxide preoxidation cooperating with conventional clarification process with 0.51mg l-1 of ClO2, whereas 3.97mg l-1 was required for chlorine.
	TO cite this article:Cui Fuyi,Sun Xingbin. Inactivation of Chironomid larvae with chlorine dioxide: a bench-scale and pilot-scale[OL].[22 November 2006] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/9804

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