Abstract:As a unique member of the STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) proteins family, STAT2 cannot recognize DNA target sites as homodimers like the others, yet it plays a critical role in type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling and many other signaling pathways. It was reported that STAT2 could help cells to cope with stress conditions by promoting antiviral responses in normal cells or drug resistance in carcinoma cells. As IRES (Internal Ribosome Entry Sites) were known to help promoting survival of cells under stress, together with the discovery that the 5\'UTR of STAT2 could form stable stem-loop secondary structures with a length of 203 nt, suggesting that there might be IRES activity. To testify this speculation, bicistronic reporter assay was designed as the main method to find out whether the 5\'-UTR of STAT2 harbors an IRES element or not. During the process, the IRES activity was confirmed, followed by the discovery that IRES active central domain was located at nt 33-142 in the 5\'UTR of STAT2. Afterwards, CRISPR/Cas9 techniques were utilized to construct a knockout cell line with the deletion of sequence between nt 65-129 in 5\'UTR. And it was discovered that knockout cells grew slightly faster than those wild type ones, which meant that the knocked-out fragment had an impact on normal cell proliferation. The exact mechanism behind this result remains to be further investigated.

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	1. A 110 nt fragment in the 5\'UTR of STAT2 that determines IRES activity and influences cell proliferation
	Zhou Kantian,Liao Zili,Zhu Ruiyu
	Biology 30 March 2021
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	Abstract:As a unique member of the STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) proteins family, STAT2 cannot recognize DNA target sites as homodimers like the others, yet it plays a critical role in type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling and many other signaling pathways. It was reported that STAT2 could help cells to cope with stress conditions by promoting antiviral responses in normal cells or drug resistance in carcinoma cells. As IRES (Internal Ribosome Entry Sites) were known to help promoting survival of cells under stress, together with the discovery that the 5\'UTR of STAT2 could form stable stem-loop secondary structures with a length of 203 nt, suggesting that there might be IRES activity. To testify this speculation, bicistronic reporter assay was designed as the main method to find out whether the 5\'-UTR of STAT2 harbors an IRES element or not. During the process, the IRES activity was confirmed, followed by the discovery that IRES active central domain was located at nt 33-142 in the 5\'UTR of STAT2. Afterwards, CRISPR/Cas9 techniques were utilized to construct a knockout cell line with the deletion of sequence between nt 65-129 in 5\'UTR. And it was discovered that knockout cells grew slightly faster than those wild type ones, which meant that the knocked-out fragment had an impact on normal cell proliferation. The exact mechanism behind this result remains to be further investigated.
	TO cite this article:Zhou Kantian,Liao Zili,Zhu Ruiyu. A 110 nt fragment in the 5\'UTR of STAT2 that determines IRES activity and influences cell proliferation[OL].[30 March 2021] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4754243


	2. Habitats availability for wintering waterbirds as a response to water level in the Shengjin Lake, a newly designated Wetland of International Importance in China
	Li Chunlin
	Biology 03 May 2017
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	Abstract:Wetland losses and degradations worldwide have resulted in dramatic declines of wetland-dependent waterbirds populations and their habitats. Effective conservation plans to provide essential habitats for waterbirds in periodically inundated wetlands should be based on a deep understanding of the strong relationship between habitat availability and the hydrological regime. Based on waterbirds survey and remotely sensed image classification at various water levels, we investigated how habitat availability for wintering waterbirds responded to water level fluctuation in the Shengjin Lake, a newly designated Wetland of International Important in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain, China. During the field survey in the winter 2014-2015, we recorded up to 38 564 individuals of 47 waterbirds species, which could be categorized into four foraging guilds that primarily occur on grassland, mudflat, shallow water or deep water. Habitat availability for wintering waterbirds of all foraging guilds exhibited significant responses to the seasonal water level fluctuation in the lake. At high water level, deep water dominated the lake and could reach up to the peak of 14 500 ha. Along with the water recession during the wintering period, riparian grounds were gradually exposed to provide habitats for waders, shorebirds and geese, which could occupy more than 50% of the lake. The water level fluctuation also affected the landscape metrics, specifying in the increased diversity and decreased fragmentation of the riparian habitats during the water recession period. The artificial regulation of water level, however, changed the natural transition between aquatic habitats which would ultimately affect waterbirds diversity and distribution. We suggest stepwise water recession plans to facilitate waterbird conservation in the lacustrine wetlands in the Yangtze River floodplain, together with recovery of aquatic vegetation community, to synchronize exposure of foraging habitats with migration phonologies of different waterbirds guilds.
	TO cite this article:Li Chunlin. Habitats availability for wintering waterbirds as a response to water level in the Shengjin Lake, a newly designated Wetland of International Importance in China[OL].[ 3 May 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4732055

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	3. Anatomic construction and physiological functions of medial cerebellar nucleus
	Xiao-Yang Zhang,Wing-Ho Yung,Jian-Jun Wang,Jing-Ning Zhu
	Biology 24 April 2017
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	Abstract:Medial cerebellar nucleus (MN) is the phylogenetically oldest nucleus in the cerebellum, a classical subcortical motor coordinator. As one of the ultimate integration stations and outputs of the spinocerebellum, the MN holds a key position in the axial, proximal and ocular motor control by projecting to the medial descending systems and eye movement related nuclei. Furthermore, through topographic connections with extensive nonmotor systems, including visceral related nuclei in the brain stem, hypothalamus as well as the limbic system, MN has also been implicated in regulation of various nonsomatic functions, such as feeding, cardiovascular and respiratory, defecation and micturition, immune, as well as emotional activities. In clinic, MN lesion or dysfunction results in motor deficits including spinocerebellar ataxias, and nonmotor symptoms. In this review, we summarize the cytoarchitecture, anatomic afferent and efferent connections, as well as the motor and nonmotor functions of the MN and the related diseases and disorders. We suggest that by bridging the motor and nonmotor systems, the cerebellar MN may help to integrate somatic motor and nonsomatic functions and consequently contribute to generate a coordinated response to internal and external environments.
	TO cite this article:Xiao-Yang Zhang,Wing-Ho Yung,Jian-Jun Wang, et al. Anatomic construction and physiological functions of medial cerebellar nucleus[OL].[24 April 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4728741


	4. Inferring Caragana adaptive dispersion:from central to Asian to east Asia
	Guang-Qian Yao,Xiang-Wen Fang
	Biology 16 December 2015
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	Abstract:The genus Caragana are mostly native to temperate Central and East Asia, occurs in arid, semiarid, semihumid and humid belts. Dehydration tolerance, root mass fraction and deep root system were studied from arid species (C. korshinskii), semiarid species (C. intermedia and C. Microphylla), semihumid species (C. aborescens and C. Biosi) and humid species (C. stipatata and C. sinica) to investigate their adaptive radiation. The results showed that semihumid and humid species had similar dehydration tolerance, the ratio of root to aboveground biomass, and deep root system to drought tolerance to arid and semi arid species. These drought tolerance traits give a strong evident to support that the direction of adaptive radiation of Caragana is from the Central Asia to East Asia, from the arid belt to the humid belt.?????
	TO cite this article:Guang-Qian Yao,Xiang-Wen Fang. Inferring Caragana adaptive dispersion:from central to Asian to east Asia[OL].[16 December 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4671800


	5. 河南地区猪札幌病毒的遗传多样性研究
	Quan Shen,Xiaochun Wang,Rong Fu,Xin Geng,Chengcheng Tao,Zeyu Li,Li Wang
	Biology 30 November 2015
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	Abstract:Sapoviruses (SaVs) belong to the family Caliciviridae and are related to gastroenteritis of humans and animals. These agents have been reported from several countries of the world. In this study, A total of 169 stool samples from pigs were collected from 4 pig farms located in Henan Province in central China from January to February 2015. Specimens were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using the primers p289/p290 designed to detect the polymerase gene of caliciviruses, including both SaVs and noroviruses (NoV). Results showed that three of the four farms wre positive for SaVs and the positive rates were 12.8% 15.6%, and7.1%, respectively. Overall, fiften of 169 (8.9%) stool samples were positive for SaVs. Ten of distinct SaVs sequences were confrimed by sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial sequences of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene indicated that these SaVs were divided into five distinct genogroup, GIII, GVII, GVIII, and two potential new genogroup GIX and GX. Four strains belonged to GIII, three stains belonged to GVII, and one belonged to GVIII, GIX or GX, respectivily. No NoV infection were detected in the current study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that GVIII, GIX and GX SaVs infection detected in Chian. Furthermore, the high genetic variability and prevalence of SaVs infection provides evidence that different genogroups of SaVs are circulating in Chinese pig herds.
	TO cite this article:Quan Shen,Xiaochun Wang,Rong Fu, et al. 河南地区猪札幌病毒的遗传多样性研究[OL].[30 November 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4664930


	6. Nonlinear optical single-molecular image technique applying in DNA Double helix nanostructure study
	Wang Xiaoming
	Biology 06 October 2015
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	Abstract: Nonlinear optical single-molecular image technique is a new technique which is not widely recognized in scientific community. It is a new innovative principle to get a profile image of tiny materials noninvasively. by a series of lenses which diameters from small to large, adjusting each lens to move back or forward carefully along a straight line, the two different direction rays from the same point of the out edge of objects can focus on a plate to form an image. This technique can magnify profile images of small samples. Its x-y resolution breakthrough the limit of Abbe's diffraction law. Nowadays , its resolution can reach 1-5 nanometer . In this paper, we gave more supporting evidences that Nonlinear optical single-molecular image technique is a practical tool. This paper showed the evidences of application in DNA Double helix nanostructure study. The photos of our experimental results demonstrated that the principle of Nonlinear optical single-molecular image technique is correct. This technique will bring human a lot of knowledge and information about molecules, especially about macromolecules in living cell.
	TO cite this article:Wang Xiaoming. Nonlinear optical single-molecular image technique applying in DNA Double helix nanostructure study[OL].[ 6 October 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4656879


	7. The present situation and rationality of the nature reserves in Inner Mongolia plateau
	Ma Wenjing,Kang Sarula,Ding Yong,Zhang Qing
	Biology 21 September 2015
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	Abstract: A number of nature reserves were set in Inner Mongolia plateau to protect the rich animal and plant resources as well as the ecosystem diversity in this region. With the growing of the number and area of the nature reserves, it is necessary to profoundly research the present situation of the nature reserves and the rationality of the vegetation types protected. This study analyzed the present situation of the reserves, the protection situation of vegetation, and the human interferences of 184 nature reserves in Inner Mongolia plateau established by the end of 2011. The results showed that: (1) the total area of nature reserves are 13,800 km2 in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, accounting for 11.67% of the land area in this region. (2)The reserves in this region showed a sharp increase in number and area since l995. And it was different for nature reserves of country, province and county levels. (3)For quantity, the reserves are mainly in forest and inland wetlands ecosystem. For area, desert, inland wetlands and forest ecosystem were dominant. (4)The protected area of 6 vegetation types of total 11 types are less than 10%, indicated the insufficient protection on these vegetation types. (5) The reserves are subject to human disturbance in different degrees as well, thus it need more efforts on the protection of these types.
	TO cite this article:Ma Wenjing,Kang Sarula,Ding Yong, et al. The present situation and rationality of the nature reserves in Inner Mongolia plateau[OL].[21 September 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4654669


	8. Intensive Agriculture and Soil Biodiversity: Hypothesis and Progress
	CAO Zhiping
	Biology 06 November 2014
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	Abstract:Since Grill et al proposed a global hypothesis on agricultural intensification, soil biodiversity and ecosystem function in 1997, there had been not a confirm answer. Recent research founded that intensive application of phosphorus fertilizers results in a reduction in fungi leading to a loss of soil organic carbon stability detrimental to sustained productivity. Changes in soil biodiversity could be detected before loss in function as early warning signals, and the reduction or extinction of key functional groups could be used as indicators of soil degradation. According to our observation on the change of protozoa community structure in greenhouse soil, it could be inferred that high concentration phosphorus maybe result in the decline of zooplankton biomass in ocean, and leading to the marine fishing productivity decrease. So that in future, researches on biodiversity and energy flow of food webs in aquatic ecosystems need to be strengthened.
	TO cite this article:CAO Zhiping. Intensive Agriculture and Soil Biodiversity: Hypothesis and Progress[OL].[ 6 November 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4617383


	9. Species and Distribution of the family Rhyparochromidae of Mongolia plateau (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea)
	LI Junlan,CAI Guoying,CAO Jing,MA Xiaoyu
	Biology 10 January 2014
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	Abstract:In this paper 39 species in 19 genera 6 tribe belonging to the family Rhyparochromidae were recognized from Mongolian Plateau. Updated distribution data were provided. Gastrodes, with the species Gastrodes grossipes grossipes was reported from Inner Mongolia, China and Mongolia for the first time.
	TO cite this article:LI Junlan,CAI Guoying,CAO Jing, et al. Species and Distribution of the family Rhyparochromidae of Mongolia plateau (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea)[OL].[10 January 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4581502


	10. Parkin RING1 domain mutant impair its mitochondrial translocation and interaction with PINK1
	YANG Hui,YANG Ling,GAO Peiye,ZUO Ji,YE Xiaofei,LIU Wen
	Biology 30 November 2013
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	Abstract:In Mutations in Parkin and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) could cause autosomal recessive forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), but how these mutations trigger mitochondrial dysfunction and the precise relationship between Parkin and PINK1 are still poorly understood. Recent studies indicate that with the help of PINK1, Parkin can promote the clearance of impaired mitochondria by mitophagy. Especially, it remains to be clarified the role of RING1 domain of Parkin in the interaction with PINK1 and its mitochondrial recruitment. In the present study, we reported that in a non-neuronal human HeLa cell line, the RING1 finger related mutation of Parkin (T240R) affected its ability to interact with full-length PINK1 under normal condition. Furthermore our immunofluorescence results shows that RING1 finger related mutations of Parkin did not affect its subcellular localization, but minimal co-localization of mutant Parkin (T240R and RING1 Del) with mitochondria were observed when cotransfection with PINK1. Our results provide the links between PINK1 and Parkin are important to sustain the mitochondrial integrity and may shed a light on the pathogenesis of PD, especially in the aspect of the PINK1-Parkin pathway.
	TO cite this article:YANG Hui,YANG Ling,GAO Peiye, et al. Parkin RING1 domain mutant impair its mitochondrial translocation and interaction with PINK1[OL].[30 November 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4571865

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