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1. Optimization on the micropropagation and precocity of Micro Tom | |||
JIN Shengta,XU Yan,SHI Wei,LIAO Qiansheng,CHEN Jishuang | |||
Biology 28 October 2010 | |||
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Abstract:Micro Tom is a novel breed model organism of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. that has the traits of short life cycle, dwarf and miniature. Owing to these characters , the utilization of Micro Tom can decrease the period of scientific research greatly and save space for breeding, so its application is more and more broad. In this paper, we successfully induced the regeneration seedlings of Micro Tom to bear fruits in advance by controlling and optimizing several external such as plant height of the regeneration seedlings, culture medium,the photoperiod and the temperatures. The cotyledon explant was the optimization explant to get regenerated shoots.The condition for inducing regeneerated shoots is MS medium supplemented with 0.2mg/L IAA+3mg/L BA,and treated with low temperature .The condition for inducing prematurity is MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L IBA,seedlings of 2.0-2.5 cm height,18-20h photoperiod,22-26℃ culturing temperature.All these findings make way for regenerateing Micro Tom plentiful and precocity in in vitro. | |||
TO cite this article:JIN Shengta,XU Yan,SHI Wei, et al. Optimization on the micropropagation and precocity of Micro Tom[OL].[28 October 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4389794 |
2. Different interactions between Cucumber mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus in tomato varieties | |||
Yixing Li,Guo Hong,Chen Shaoning,Chen Jishuang | |||
Biology 15 January 2010 | |||
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Abstract:Different interactions between CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus) and ToMV (Tomato mosaic virus) had been obtained in several tomato varieties. When tomato cv. Hezuo 903 plants were first inoculated with CMV-Fny, and then followed by a second inoculation with ToMV-N5 after 6-8 days, plants with co-infection expressed CMV-Fny-induced symptoms. The ToMV-N5-induced necrosis just localized on the inoculated leaves. Typical interference could be summarized for this phenomenon. Systemic necrosis induced by ToMV-N5 and interference between CMV-Fny and ToMV-N5 could occur in most tomato varieties (Hangza 1 and Zheza 809) except Zhongshu 4. They performed mild mosaic and synergism instead. The transcription of defense-related genes (PR-1a1 and PR-2) had been detected in tomato cv. Hezuo 903 plants among interference reaction. Results showed that two PR genes did not express in inoculated plants with mosaic and leaf deformation symptoms but was activated in ToMV-N5 infected plants with necrosis symptoms. It indicated that these two genes were effective with ToMV-N5 infection and could be interfered by pre-inoculation with CMV-Fny. Genotypes of resistance gene Tm2 in tomato cv. Zhongshu 4 and Hezuo 903 had been identified. Results revealed that two tomato varieties genotypes were both consistent with symptoms induced by ToMV-N5. It demonstrated that there may be a certain relationship between infection symptoms caused by ToMV-N5 on these two tomato varieties and genotype of Tm2. | |||
TO cite this article:Yixing Li,Guo Hong,Chen Shaoning, et al. Different interactions between Cucumber mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus in tomato varieties[OL].[15 January 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/39033 |
3. Changes in chloroplast ultrastructure, fatty acid components of thylakoid membrane and chlorophyll a fluorescence transient in flag leaves of a super-high-yield hybrid rice and its parents during the reproductive stage | |||
Mei-Ping Zhang,Guo-Xiang Chen | |||
Biology 14 January 2010 | |||
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Abstract:In plants, it is well established that chloroplast is one of the early targgeted organelles to break down during leaves senescing. Here we applied a newly-developed super-high-yield hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) LiangYouPeiJiu (LYPJ) and its parents lines to investigate changes in ultrastructure of chloroplasts, fatty acid composition of thylakoid membrane lipids and chlorophyll a fluorescence transient in natural senescing leaves. We found that at full expansion of flag leaves in three lines, chloroplasts often showed oblong shapes with a typical membrane system of stroma and grana thylakoids, whereas their shapes had been changed from oblong to spherical during senescence. Our data showed that the initiation of senescence displayed accumulation of starch and an increase in the number and size of plastoglobuli with the damaged thylakoid membranes; subsequently, swollen thylakoid membranes in stroma and in grana with a significant increase in MDA content, and disorganization of thylakoid membrane system with significant changes in fatty acid composition of thylakoid membrane lipids were developed. Compared with its parents, the newly-developed hybrid rice LYPJ had the highest capacity of carbohydrate transport from leaves (sources) to ears (sink), the lowest accumulation of starch grains in the leaf chloroplasts, and the slowest senescing rate of chloroplast in overall leaf senescence process. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transients of three kinds of flag leaves were analysed by so-called JIP-test. The results of analysis suggest that these findings inculding a high inherited activity of antioxidant enzymes and high photosynthetate transport to pretect chloroplast structure in the hybrid rice LYPJ have close relations to its super-high yield . | |||
TO cite this article:Mei-Ping Zhang,Guo-Xiang Chen. Changes in chloroplast ultrastructure, fatty acid components of thylakoid membrane and chlorophyll a fluorescence transient in flag leaves of a super-high-yield hybrid rice and its parents during the reproductive stage[OL].[14 January 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/38983 |
4. Sexual differences in photosynthetic characteristics of Ginkgo during leaf senescence | |||
Dawei Shi,Xiaodong Wei,Guoxiang Chen,Yanli Xu | |||
Biology 13 January 2010 | |||
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Abstract:Photosynthetic characteristics were compared between female and male ginkgoes, to investigate the differences in photosynthetic decline of leaves between two species during leaf senescence. Photosynthetic rate was used as a biomarker to define the initiation of leaf senescence which could be divided two stages. Therefore, the leaf senescence of ginkgo occurred at late August which could be the beginning of autumn. During the early stages of leaf senescence, photosynthetic functions, such as the electron transport activities of photosystems and photophosphorylation, and scavenging activities were lower in female than in male. But at the late senescence, these characteristics of female were higher those of male. With leaf aging, the damage to chloroplast of female induced by senescence was more than that of male. Our results found that there was a similar rate of leaf senescence between female and male, which may be the reason why the ginkgo has declined during the evolution of plant senescence. | |||
TO cite this article:Dawei Shi,Xiaodong Wei,Guoxiang Chen, et al. Sexual differences in photosynthetic characteristics of Ginkgo during leaf senescence[OL].[13 January 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/38873 |
5. Effects of low temperature on membrane lipid peroxidation in a newly developed super-high-yield hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) at seedling stage | |||
Dawei Shi,Xiaodong Wei,Guoxiang Chen,Chengjun Zhang,Ping Wang,Jing Wang,Chuangen Lv | |||
Biology 23 November 2009 | |||
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Abstract:To study the effects of low temperature on high-yield hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) at seedling stage, chlorophyll content, membrane lipid peroxidation, fatty acids composition and chloroplast ultrastructure of two varieties were investigated—a newly-developed cultivated super-high-yield hybrid rice LYPJ, and a traditional hybrid rice SY-63, setting 25℃ as control and 10℃ as low temperature treatment. In SY-63, chlorophyll content in rice leaves was decreased obviously with the duration at low temperature, whereas it did not decrease statistically in LYPJ. MDA (malondialdehyde) content increased slightly in LYPJ, but in SY-63, MDA content increased higher than those in 25℃-treated seedlings. The contents of saturated fatty acids decreased and the contents of unsaturated fatty acids increased in both of the two hybrids compared to the control. The IUFA (index of unsaturated fatty acid) of fatty acids increased in the two cultivars, being lower in LYPJ. The damage to the ultrastructure of chloroplasts was not so serious with increasing cold stress, but the number of osmiophilic granules in SY-63 increased significantly. The results indicated that LYPJ could have stronger chilling-resistance than SY-63 at seedling stage. | |||
TO cite this article:Dawei Shi,Xiaodong Wei,Guoxiang Chen, et al. Effects of low temperature on membrane lipid peroxidation in a newly developed super-high-yield hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) at seedling stage[OL].[23 November 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/36947 |
6. Biocatalytic mechanism of monolignols biotransformation by Rhus laccases in water-miscible organic solutions | |||
Wan YunYang,Tetsuo Miyakoshi,Du Yumin,Chen Lvjun,Hao Jimin | |||
Biology 16 October 2009 | |||
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Abstract:Important monolignols such as coniferyl alcohol were catalyzed by Rhus laccases from Rhus vernicifera in water/acetone solution. The enzymatic mechanism was detailedly discussed. The sites 6, 円 and phenolic oxygen were the mainly active sites of phenylpropanoid compounds which were first oxidized by enzyme and then radical reaction followed. | |||
TO cite this article:Wan YunYang,Tetsuo Miyakoshi,Du Yumin, et al. Biocatalytic mechanism of monolignols biotransformation by Rhus laccases in water-miscible organic solutions[J]. |
7. Bridging the mathematics-botany gaps in phyllotaxis studies — Mechanism of higher symmetry order phyllotaxis | |||
Yang Weisheng,Zhao Ruguang | |||
Biology 31 May 2009 | |||
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Abstract:For centuries, mathematicians, physicists, crystallographers, and others, together with botanists have been dedicating their own efforts to phyllotaxis, however, obviously because until recently they have had surprisingly little interaction, a major question is still how higher symmetry order patterns are generated at all. Accordingly, in the present article we make our effort mainly for bridging the mathematics-botany gaps existing in recent phyllotaxis studies. By doing so and on the basis of the latest progresses achieved from both the botany and mathematics sides of phyllotaxis, we point out that higher symmetry order phyllotaxis patterns can and could only come from lower order patterns generated by small shoot apical meristems (SAM) through anisotropic growth, which may change the diameter-to-height ratio of phyllotactic objects. In another words, higher symmetry order phyllotaxis patterns, such as floral phyllotaxis patterns of sunflower, could not generated directly by large SAMs. | |||
TO cite this article:Yang Weisheng,Zhao Ruguang. Bridging the mathematics-botany gaps in phyllotaxis studies — Mechanism of higher symmetry order phyllotaxis[OL].[31 May 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/32686 |
8. The fragment containing CP gene of Cucumber mosaic virus determines the severe leaf distortion phenotype expression on N. tabacum | |||
Xu Gang,Wu Peng,Liao Qian-sheng,Chen Ji-shuang | |||
Biology 04 March 2009 | |||
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Abstract:The Cb7 isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) induces severe leaf distortion on Nicotiana tabacum in contrast to CMV-Fny that causes systemic mosaic in this host. It was found that N. tabacum plants infected with the reassortant, a combination of transcripts derived from cDNAs of CMV-Fny RNA1 and 2 (F1 and F2) and of CMV-Cb7 RNA3 (F12C3), displayed severe leaf distortion symptoms characteristic of the wild-type Cb7 infection, indicating that genomic RNA3 had a distinctive role in the determination of the symptom. An exchange of the fragment containing CP gene between Cb7 and Fny constructed two chimeric RNA3s: CFB, including CP gene of Fny, and FCB, including CP gene of Cb7. Each chimera mixed with F1 and F2 was inoculated onto N. tabacum. The F12CFB-infected plants expressed systemic mosaic symptoms, while the F12FCB-infected ones showed severe leaf distortion symptoms. The results suggested that the genetic determinant of the severe leaf distortion symptom showing on N. tabacum was exclusively associated with the fragment containing CP gene in the Cb7 genome. Accumulation of CMV RNAs in the systemic leaves of N. tabacum plants infected with the reassortant was determined using Northern blotting. The results showed that the accumulation of subgenomic RNA4 of F12FCB was significantly higher than that of F12CFB and Fny, as a control, and the amounts of RNA4 of F12CFB were equivalent to those of Fny. Therefore, it had been inferred that the high amounts of viral subgenomic RNA4, presenting high accumulation of CP, might be responsible for the severe leaf distortion symptom expression on N. tabacum. | |||
TO cite this article:Xu Gang,Wu Peng,Liao Qian-sheng, et al. The fragment containing CP gene of Cucumber mosaic virus determines the severe leaf distortion phenotype expression on N. tabacum[OL].[ 4 March 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/29878 |
9. Cucumber mosaic virus-mediated Regulation of Disease Development Caused by Tomato mosaic virus in Tomato Hosts | |||
Hong Guo,Shaoning Chen,Rong Zeng,Zhiyou Du,Zhenxiao Zhang,Weimin Zhu,Jishuang Chen | |||
Biology 02 March 2009 | |||
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Abstract:Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) are two principal viruses infecting tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). N5 is a necrosis strain of ToMV. In this work, interference between these two virues was analyzed in tomato cv. Hezuo 903. Plants were first inoculated with CMV-Fny or CMV-Fny∆2b, respectively. 7 days postinoculation (dpi), a second challenge inoculation was performed with ToMV-N5. The results showed that plants can be protected against challenge with ToMV-N5 by initial CMV-Fny infection, but not by CMV-Fny2b. The accumulation of these three viruses in single and double infections was detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) assays. The real-time RT-PCR values indicated that ToMV-N5 accumulation was significantly suppressed by double infection with CMV-Fny in the second true leaves. The interaction between PVX and ToMV was further studied. The host reaction of PVX-BJ and ToMV-N5 double infections was almost the same as in ToMV-N5 singly infections. Based on above results, we speculate that the 2b protein may be an important determinant involved in CMV-mediated regulation of disease development caused by ToMV-N5 in tomato cv. Hezuo 903. | |||
TO cite this article:Hong Guo,Shaoning Chen,Rong Zeng, et al. Cucumber mosaic virus-mediated Regulation of Disease Development Caused by Tomato mosaic virus in Tomato Hosts[OL].[ 2 March 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/29796 |
10. A Plausible Model of the Floral Phyllotaxis of Sunflower | |||
W.S. Yang,Zhao Rusheng | |||
Biology 15 December 2008 | |||
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Abstract:Pointing out that the published experimental facts regarding development of sunflower capitulum can be understood better if the capitulum meristem is similar in size with the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of Arabidopsis, and then assuming that it functions also similarly as the Arabidopsis SAM, a model is proposed for the floral phyllotaxis of sunflower, which consists of the following three key points. The primordium initiation process of sunflower capitulum is interpreted as, in terms of mathematics, being equivalent to a series of hyperbolic rotations. To take advantage of the unique character of the hyperbolic-rotation transformation of a hyperbolic object, so to make the hundreds of primordia well organized on the capitulum, the meristem must be able to initiate primordia with a divergence angle of around 137.5°, so to form a quasi-hyperbolic object. This is why meristems possessing this capability are chosen by natural selection in evolution. Although random errors in divergence angles do make the floral patterns only quasi-hyperbolic, but do not block their development into a floral phyllotaxis with a Fibonacci ratio like 89:55, because the errors can be reduced step by step and spontaneously in the hyperbolic-rotation growth process. | |||
TO cite this article:W.S. Yang,Zhao Rusheng. A Plausible Model of the Floral Phyllotaxis of Sunflower[OL].[15 December 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/26580 |
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