Abstract:Analysis of the bacterial communities of chili sauce in the production process was of vital importance to monitor the condition of chili sauce. This study aimed to determine how the structure of bacterial communities changed throughout the chili sauce production process and their relationship with environmental factors.The composition and relative abundances of bacteria in the three stages of chili sauce production, including pickled chili, fried chili and finished product, were investigated using 16S rRNA gene (S) amplicon sequencing and the influence of environmental factors were also investigated. The results showed that the bacterial diversity in the chili sauce production process was high. Lactobacillus acidipiscis and L. pentosus were dominant throughout the entire production process of chili sauce. Large amount of L. fermentum was found in salted chili while L. agilis was present at high abundances in the pickled chili and final product, respectively. As for environmental factors, salt, total acid and soluble sugar content were found to influence the bacterial communities significantly. A high level of bacterial diversity existed in the chili sauce and the dominant bacterial species in the chili sauce production process varied across different production stages.

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	1. Composition and dynamic changes of bacterial communities in the manufacture process of Chinese chili sauce
	XU Tingbi,NIU Chengtuo,WANG Qi,LIU Chunfeng,LI Yongxian,ZHENG Feiyun,WANG Jinjing,LI Qi
	Biology 21 March 2018
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	Abstract:Analysis of the bacterial communities of chili sauce in the production process was of vital importance to monitor the condition of chili sauce. This study aimed to determine how the structure of bacterial communities changed throughout the chili sauce production process and their relationship with environmental factors.The composition and relative abundances of bacteria in the three stages of chili sauce production, including pickled chili, fried chili and finished product, were investigated using 16S rRNA gene (S) amplicon sequencing and the influence of environmental factors were also investigated. The results showed that the bacterial diversity in the chili sauce production process was high. Lactobacillus acidipiscis and L. pentosus were dominant throughout the entire production process of chili sauce. Large amount of L. fermentum was found in salted chili while L. agilis was present at high abundances in the pickled chili and final product, respectively. As for environmental factors, salt, total acid and soluble sugar content were found to influence the bacterial communities significantly. A high level of bacterial diversity existed in the chili sauce and the dominant bacterial species in the chili sauce production process varied across different production stages.
	TO cite this article:XU Tingbi,NIU Chengtuo,WANG Qi, et al. Composition and dynamic changes of bacterial communities in the manufacture process of Chinese chili sauce[OL].[21 March 2018] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4744078


	2. Identification of ZmaM, a bifunctional ABC transporter, reveals the presence of other alternative transport and peptide cleavage pathway during zwittermicin A biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus
	LUO Yi,ZHANG Yuyang,SUN Ming
	Biology 28 April 2017
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	Abstract:ZmaM, a possible ABC transporter maturation and secretion (AMS) protein, whose coding gene locates in the biosynthesis gene cluster of zwittermicin A (ZmA), a novel antibiotic produced by certain Bacillus cereus group strains, may contribute to the fatty acyl-D-Asn-ZmA intermediate transport, and to the cleavage of the acyl-D-Asn of the intermediate, releasing mature ZmA. AMS protein is common in the lantibiotic peptide biosynthesis but rare in the antibiotic biosynthesis. The peptidase activity of ZmaM has been identified in vitro, but the real contribution of ZmaM to the ZmA biosynthesis still unknowns. In this study, we detailedly demonstrated the structure of ZmaM, and constructed an ABC transporter domain and a whole zmaM gene in-frame deletion mutants respectively. Unexpectedly, both mutants were found still can produce ZmA, but the ZmA yields became almost half of the wild-type strain UW85. The transporter activity of ZmaM was confirmed and the contribution of ZmaM to ZmA biosynthesis was indentified due to these findings. Our results also indicates that there is sure existing other alternative transport and peptide cleavage pathway during ZmA biosynthesis. Assuredly, several genes which predicted could be complementary to the function of ZmaM were found in stain UW85 and another ZmA producing stain B. thuringiensis YBT-1520. These results make a further step to clarify the ZmA biosynthesis.
	TO cite this article:LUO Yi,ZHANG Yuyang,SUN Ming. Identification of ZmaM, a bifunctional ABC transporter, reveals the presence of other alternative transport and peptide cleavage pathway during zwittermicin A biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus[OL].[28 April 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4730843

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	3. MtMAPKK4 is an essential gene for growth and reproduction of Medicago truncatula
	CHEN Tao,ZHANG Zhongming
	Biology 10 November 2016
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	Abstract:Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signaling modules in eukaryotes, including yeasts, animals and plants. They are involved in responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, hormones, cell division and developmental processes. A MAPK cascade is composed of three functionally tiered protein kinases, namely MAPK, MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) and MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs). These kinases have been intensively studied for their roles in developmental and physiological processes in various organisms. In this study, a Medicago truncatula MtMAPKK4 mutant with the tobacco retrotransposon Tnt1 insertion was identified using reverse genetics methods. No homozygous progeny could be produced by self-pollination of mapkk4/+ heterozygotes for 5 generations. Heterozygous mapkk4/+ mutant plants exhibited growth retardation, chlorosis symptoms and significantly reduced numbers of infection threads and nodules. The interaction between MtMAPKK4 and MtMAPK3/6 occurred both in yeast and in planta. Green fluorescent protein-tagged MtMAPKK4, MtMAPK3 and MtMAPK6 were all localized to membranes, cytoplasm and nuclei. Expression of MtMAPKK4, MtMAPK3 and MtMAPK6 was detected in various tissues of M. truncatula plants at the nodule maturation stage. Transcript levels of these genes were decreased in roots at the early symbiotic stage.
	TO cite this article:CHEN Tao,ZHANG Zhongming. MtMAPKK4 is an essential gene for growth and reproduction of Medicago truncatula[OL].[10 November 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4709542


	4. The Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis and The Expression of Key Genes in The Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway in Ganoderma lucidum
	CAO Pengfei,SHI Liang,REN Ang,ZHAO Mingwen
	Biology 01 November 2016
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	Abstract:We herein demonstrate that salicylic acid (SA) can enhance ganoderic acid (GA) accumulation in Ganoderma lucidum. Following treatment with different concentrations of SA, the GA content was increased 22.72 - 43.04% compared with the control group. When the fungi were treated with 200 μM SA at different times, the GA content was improved 10.21- 35.24% compared with the control group. By choosing the optimum point based on the response surface methodology, the GA content could be increased up to 229.03 μg/100 mg, which was improved 66.38% compared with the control group. When the fungi were treated with 200 μM SA, the transcription levels of key genes in the GA biosynthesis pathway, squalene synthase (sqs), lanosterol (osc) and hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase (hmgr), were improved 119.6-, 3.2- and 4.2-fold, respectively. In addition, following treatment with 100 μM SA, the levels of lanosterol and squalene, which are intermediate metabolites of GA biosynthesis, were improved 2.8- and 1.4-fold, respectively. These results indicate that SA can regulate the expression of genes related to GA biosynthesis and increases the metabolic levels of lanosterol and squalene, thereby resulting in the accumulation of GA.
	TO cite this article:CAO Pengfei,SHI Liang,REN Ang, et al. The Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis and The Expression of Key Genes in The Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway in Ganoderma lucidum[J].


	5. The pH-responsive transcription factor PacC regulates mycelial growth, fruiting body development and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum
	WU Fengli,SHI Liang,ZHAO Mingwen
	Biology 12 October 2016
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	Abstract:Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal macrofungus that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Nonetheless, the scarcity of basic biological studies of this organism has hindered the further development of its commercial value. The pH-responsive transcription factor PacC/Rim101 governs the adaptation to environmental pH, the development and the secondary metabolism of many fungi. In this study, a homologue of PacC/Rim101 that encodes GlPacC was identified in the higher basidiomycete G. lucidum. GlPacC is composed of 807 amino acids and contains three typical C2H2 zinc-finger domains, two potential PEST domains, a putative PKA phosphorylation site and a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS). GlPacC was transcribed at a high level when the fungus was under neutral and alkaline conditions, and silencing of GlPacC impaired the fungal response to ambient pH. The distance between the hyphal branches (of vegetative hyphae and aerial hyphae) was significantly increased in the GlPacC-silenced strains. The GlPacC-silenced strains grew abnormally or became sickly on solid culture medium and were unable to form primordia and fruiting bodies. The ganoderic acid content, levels of the sqs and ls transcripts, and contents of the metabolic intermediates squalene and lanosterol were all up-regulated in the GlPacC-silenced strains. Our results indicate that GlPacC is functional and plays complex roles in mycelial growth, fruiting body development and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in G. lucidum.
	TO cite this article:WU Fengli,SHI Liang,ZHAO Mingwen. The pH-responsive transcription factor PacC regulates mycelial growth, fruiting body development and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum[J].


	6. YvcA coordinates with CnaA/CchA in response to salt stress in Aspergillus nidulans
	ZHANG Shizhu,WANG Sha,LIU Xiao,LU Ling
	Biology 09 May 2016
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	Abstract:In budding yeast, hypertonic shock induces the release of calcium from internal stores through Yvc1p. However, the mechanisms of coordinating regulation of YvcA and calcineurin/CchA in response to salt stress are not well understood. The loss of cnaA caused hyphal growth and conidiation defects under salt stress. The deletion of cchA suppresses the hyphal growth defects caused by the loss of calcineurin under salt stress. Although the deletion of yvcA does not affect the hyphal radial growth and conidiation when grown on the presence or absence of the Ca2+ chelator EGTA or EGTA plus NaCl in Aspergillus nidulans, YvcA was proved to compensate with calcineurin-CchA in fungal salt-stress adaption. Further, Using the calcium-sensitive photoprotein aequorin to test the [Ca2+]c in living cells, we found that CnaA and CchA synergistically coordinate calcium influx under salt stress. Collectively, the results provide insights into new linkages between YvcA and CnaA/CchA in the regulation of cell salt-stress survival processes.????
	TO cite this article:ZHANG Shizhu,WANG Sha,LIU Xiao, et al. YvcA coordinates with CnaA/CchA in response to salt stress in Aspergillus nidulans[OL].[ 9 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4686782


	7. Calcium signaling mediates antifungal activity of triazole drugs in the Aspergilli
	LIU Feifei,PU Li,ZHENG Qingqing,ZHANG Yuanwei,GAO Rongsui,XU Xushi,ZHANG Shizhu,LU Ling
	Biology 31 December 2014
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	Abstract:Azoles are widely applied and largely effective as antifungals; however, the increasing prevalence of clinically resistant isolates has yet to be matched by approaches to improve the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy. In this study, using the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans and one of the most common human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus as research materials, we present the evidence that calcium signaling is involved in the azole-antifungals-induced stress-response reactions. In normal media, antifungal-itraconazole (ITZ) is able to induce the [Ca2+]c increased sharply but the addition of calcium chelator-EGTA or BAPTA almost blocks the calcium influx responses, resulted in the dramatically decreasing of [Ca2+]c transient. Real-time PCR analysis verified that six-tested Ca2+-inducible genes-two calcium channels (cchA/midA), a calmodulin-dependent phosphatase-calcineurin (cnaA), a transcription factor-crzA, and two calcium transporters (pmrA/pmcA)-could be transiently up-regulated by adding ITZ, indicating these components are involved in the azole stress-response reaction. Defect of cnaA or crzA caused more susceptibility to azole antifungals than did single mutants or double deletions of midA and cchA. Notably, EGTA may influence Rh123 accumulation as an azole-mimicking substrate through the process of the drug absorption. In vivo studies of a Galleria mellonella model identified that the calcium chelator works as an adjunct antifungal agent with azoles for invasive aspergillosis. Most importantly, combination of ITZ and EGTA or ITZ with calcium signaling inhibitor-FK506 greatly enhances the ITZ efficacy. Thus, our study provides potential clues that specific inhibitors of calcium signaling could be clinically useful adjuncts to conventional azole antifungals in the Aspergilli.
	TO cite this article:LIU Feifei,PU Li,ZHENG Qingqing, et al. Calcium signaling mediates antifungal activity of triazole drugs in the Aspergilli[OL].[31 December 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4626298


	8. Formation and characterization of a highly UV-resistant and mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis mutant
	ZHANG Xiaojuan,Zhang Yi,Zheng Xiaojuan,Qian GuiPing,Guan Xiong,ZHANG Lingling
	Biology 21 May 2014
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	Abstract:UV mutagenesis, one of the most commonly used mutation methods, is used extensively in microbial mutation breeding. This study reports that a mutant of Bacillus thuringiensis named LLP29-M19, obtained from 19 rounds of UV exposure, could resist ultraviolet radiation up to 67 min. The mosquitocidal fatality rate (95%) of LLP29-M19 was slightly higher than LLP29 (90%). Characterization of the novel mutation revealed that LLP29-M19 exhibited no substantial changes in morphology, plasmids profile and protein profiles compared with LLP29. Its physiological and biochemical characteristic reactions, however, reflect some changes including fructose, glucose, xylose, mushroom, anaerobic sugar glucose and MacConkey Agar. This method of improving the UV resistance of Bt avoids the effects of external additive on strains. Meanwhile it was safe and effective and yielded significant ecological and economic benefits.
	TO cite this article:ZHANG Xiaojuan,Zhang Yi,Zheng Xiaojuan, et al. Formation and characterization of a highly UV-resistant and mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis mutant[OL].[21 May 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4598102


	9. Jilinbacillus soli gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Bacillaceae
	LIU Jingying,WANG Xiuran,Li Qiyun,MA Pengda
	Biology 20 February 2014
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	Abstract:A moderately halophilic alkaliphilic bacterium, designated strain GIMN1.014T, was isolated from a saline and alkali soil samples in Baicheng City, western of Jilin Province, China. Cells of GIMN1.014T were mobtile, aerobic, rod-shaped, spore forming and Gram-positive. Growth occurred in 15-45 C (optimum, 30 C) and at pH 7.0-11.5 (optimum, pH 9.0) and in the presence of 0-10% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1-3% (w/v) NaCl). Meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the peptidoglycan. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major polar lipid profile was phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl inositol-methyl and phosphotidylinositol dimannosid. The major fatty acids (>10% of total fatty acids) was anteiso-C15:0. DNA G+C content was 36.2 mol%. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain GIMN1.014T and other recognized species of the family was below 94.9%. Phylogenetic analysis based 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the strain GIMN1.014T fell with the family Bacillaceae and formed a distinct taxon. Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, Strain GIMN1.014T was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Jilinbacillus soli gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain of Jilinbacillus soli was GIMN1.014T (=CCTCC M2011164T =KCTC 33417T).
	TO cite this article:LIU Jingying,WANG Xiuran,Li Qiyun, et al. Jilinbacillus soli gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Bacillaceae[OL].[20 February 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4586473


	10. A compound-hunting approach to reveal the amidohydrolase-dependent
	HAO Chunlin,YU Yi
	Biology 18 January 2014
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	Abstract:In biosynthesis of natural products, potential intermediates or analogs of a particular compound in the crude extracts are commonly overlooked in routine assays due to their low concentration or because of limited structural information. This may lead into an incomplete and even an incorrect biosynthetic pathway for the target molecule. Here we established a compound-hunting approach which is based on genome mining and mass spectrometry and evaluated it to identify potential pyrrolamide compounds in the fermentation culture of Streptomyces netropsis. Several novel pyrrolamides were then detected and characterized, and a revised model for the biosynthesis of pyrrolamide compounds was proposed. Significantly, our results implied an unprecedented "iterative strategy" underlying the pyrrolamide antibiotics biosynthesis. Therefore, the approach developed in this study not only can direct scaffold-oriented discovery of potential biosynthesis intermediates and analogs, but also has the potential to extend our knowledge of existing natural product biosynthesis mechanisms.
	TO cite this article:HAO Chunlin,YU Yi. A compound-hunting approach to reveal the amidohydrolase-dependent [OL].[18 January 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4582970

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