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	1. A new strain Lactobacillus silagius: identification and characteristics
	MA Ting,WANG Jun,FAN Yanhui,LI Guoqiang
	Biology 07 March 2011
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	Abstract:A novel strain which could produce lactic acid under the thermophile temperature of 48 oC was isolated from the silage. The strain was designated as lactobacillus sp. MD-1. Cells of the strain were gram-positive, bar-shaped, non-mobile, facultatively anaerobic and catalase-negative. No spores were detected. The strain produced D- and L-lactic acid in a homofermentative mechanism. 16S rRNA analysis of the strain showed that it had the sequence similarity of 99.3% with strain L. farraginis, but L. farraginis was heterofermentative. Based on taxonomic and 16S rRNA data, strain MD-1 was named Lactobacillus silagius sp. nov. Non-denaturing PAGE of LDH stained for activity on D/L lactate showed the strain had D- and L-lactate dehydrogenase. The lactic acid yield of strain MD-1 was about 140g/L on condition of the optimal fermentation and could be applied in lactic acid production.
	TO cite this article:MA Ting,WANG Jun,FAN Yanhui, et al. A new strain Lactobacillus silagius: identification and characteristics[OL].[ 7 March 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4414811


	2. Osmotic stabilizer-coupled suppression of NDR defects is dependent on the calcium-calcineurin signaling cascade in Aspergillus nidulans
	GAO Lina,SONG Yiju,CAO Jinling,WANG Sha,JIANG Hechun,WEI Hua,LU Ling
	Biology 17 February 2011
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	Abstract:Establishment and maintenance of cell polarity are coordinated by signaling pathways such as NDR (nuclear Dbf2-related) protein-kinase signaling and calcium signaling pathway. The NDR family of kinase is structurally related to the human myotonic dystrophy kinase, which, when impaired, confers a disease that involves changes in cytoarchitecture and ion homeostasis. CotA kinase, a member of the NDR protein kinase family, forms a complex with MobB to regulate cell polarized growth in Aspergillus nidulans. Our previous study demonstrated that mobB/cotA defects could be suppressed by the osmotic stress in the presence of external calcium. In this study, via the genetic and molecular approach, we further demonstrated that Ca2+-permeable stretch-activated nonselective cation channel-MidA, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase catalatic subunit-CnaA and external calcium, but not voltage-gated calcium channel homolog-CchA, were required for the osmotic stabilizer-coupled suppression. The up-regulation of calcium/calcineurin signaling pathway induced by osmotic stress might be the reason for bypassing the requirements of NDR kinase complex, which is otherwise necessary for polar morphogenesis. Our results suggest that calcium-calcineurin signaling pathway coordinates with MobB/CotA kinase complex in regulating polarity growth via maintaining cellular calcium homeostasis. However, CchA may act differently as other components in calcium signaling pathway in Aspergillus nidulans. These findings provide an excellent opportunity to identify the potential pathway linking NDR protein-kinase network to calcium signaling pathway.
	TO cite this article:GAO Lina,SONG Yiju,CAO Jinling, et al. Osmotic stabilizer-coupled suppression of NDR defects is dependent on the calcium-calcineurin signaling cascade in Aspergillus nidulans[OL].[17 February 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4410975

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	3. A new species of Lophodermium associated with the needle cast of cathay silver fir
	Gao Xiaoming,Lin Yingren,Huang Huayan,Hou Chenglin
	Biology 24 December 2010
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	Abstract:Cathay silver fir, Cathaya argyrophylla, is a national first-class protective species in China, honored as 'living fossil' in the plant kingdom. In this paper, the pathogen of the needle cast of Cathaya argyrophylla, formerly described as Lophodermium pinastri, is identified as a new species, Lophodermium cathayae. The pathogenicity and epidemic regularity of this species are also discussed.
	TO cite this article:Gao Xiaoming,Lin Yingren,Huang Huayan, et al. A new species of Lophodermium associated with the needle cast of cathay silver fir[OL].[24 December 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4400739


	4. A new species of Terriera, a newly recorded genus of Rhytismatales (Ascomycota) from China
	Yang Zhongzhou,Lin Yingren,Hou Chenglin
	Biology 24 December 2010
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	Abstract:A new member of Terriera, T. huangshanensis on leaves of Eurya muricata var. huiana, is described in this paper. Terriera is also the first record for China. Features of the genus are revised according to relevant documents, The present species is placed in Terriera on the basis of the presence of strongly carbonized extension adjacent to both sides of the ascoma opening and textura angularis-prismatica composed of colorless to lightly brown, somewhat thin-walled cells at the marginal parts of the ascoma, and the absence of lip cells. The new species is similar to T. minor, but their differences are that the latter possesses smaller ascomata with rounded ends, a textura prismatica in the corner between the covering and basal stroma, paraphyses branching 2-3 times in upper 30-40μm, asci ripening sequentially and ascospores tapering towards the ends. The type specimen is deposited in the Herbarium of Forest Fungi of Anhui Agricultural University, China (AAUF).
	TO cite this article:Yang Zhongzhou,Lin Yingren,Hou Chenglin. A new species of Terriera, a newly recorded genus of Rhytismatales (Ascomycota) from China[OL].[24 December 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4400763


	5. Diversity of plant-growth-promoting Paenibacillus mucilaginosus isolated from vegetable fields in Zhejiang, China
	Xue Aiqin,Cao Zhaoyun,Zhang Shanshan,Wu Duqing,Hu Xiufang
	Biology 10 December 2010
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	Abstract:Paenibacillus mucilaginosus is a widely used biofertilizer, providing P, K and N nutrients. In the present study, the diversity of 27 P. mucilaginosus strains in phenotype and genotype were investigated to find out the principal factor influencing the functions. The strains were characterized to show certain similar shared morphological and biochemical characteristics, yet they showed diversity in sizes of capsules and colonies, productions of polysaccharides and acid, P, and K-dissolution and N-fixation. The sizes of the colonies and capsules varied from 2.00-5.72 mm and 200.07-857.23 μm2, respectively. The polysaccharide production was 2.04-13.12 mgoml-1, which was positively correlated with capsule (r=0.714, P<0.05) and colony (r=0.824, P<0.05) sizes . The strains caused pH decrease from 1.21 to 2.62, which was positively correlated with the dissolution of P (r=0.777, P<0.05) and K (r=0.778, P<0.05). The concentration rangess of dissolved P and K were 0.05-102.72 mgol-1 and 0.02-27.92 mgol-1, respectively. The fixed total nitrogen was 0.47-18.28 mgol-1. The strains also showed genotypic diversity at gene, repetitive sequence and genome levels. Altogether 249 amplified bands were obtained using 18 primers in RAPD pattern, and the dendrogram showed that the strains were grouped into 2 clusters according to their origins. Each cluster was divided into two branches: one was clustered as the strains with higher polysaccharide and acid production, and the other was clustered as the strains with lower production. The gyrB gene and ERIC-PCR gave the similar results. In conclusion, as RAPD and gyrB gene showed good correspondence with polysaccharide and acid diversity, they can serve as biomarkers and thus be employed efficiently in species identi?cation and selection at a large scale.
	TO cite this article:Xue Aiqin,Cao Zhaoyun,Zhang Shanshan, et al. Diversity of plant-growth-promoting Paenibacillus mucilaginosus isolated from vegetable fields in Zhejiang, China[OL].[10 December 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4394858


	6. MaGS, a β-1,3-glucan synthase, is involved in conidiation and stress tolerance in Metarhizium anisopliae
	Yang Min,Jin Kai,Xia Yuxian
	Biology 06 December 2010
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	Abstract:β-glucan is an essential cell wall structural component in most fungi. The gene (MaGS) (HQ441252), which is homologous to fungal FKS genes, encoding β-1,3-glucan synthase, was cloned from the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. To clarify its biological functions, we constructed a MaGS RNA interference (RNAi) vector with dual promoter system to knock down MaGS transcript level, and then analyzed RNAi transformant phenotypes. Compared with the wild type, the GS-RNAi transformants were obviously sensitive to the hyperosmotic stress and the compounds that interfere with cell wall synthesis. Meanwhile, aerial hyphae of the colony and conidiation of transformants were notably reduced on PDA with Congo red medium. These results suggest that the expression of MaGS gene influences stress tolerance and conidiation in M. anisopliae. β-1,3-glucan is a helical structure and very important to maintenance of the elasticity of the cell wall in fungi. Reduction in the content of β-1,3-glucan can cause the cell wall to become frangible, which may influence the stress tolerance and conidiation in M. anisopliae.
	TO cite this article:Yang Min,Jin Kai,Xia Yuxian. MaGS, a β-1,3-glucan synthase, is involved in conidiation and stress tolerance in Metarhizium anisopliae[OL].[ 6 December 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4395411


	7. LuxS-dependent Transcript Profile of Quorum Sensing in Klebsiella pneumoniae
	Zhu Hu ,Gao Yuli
	Biology 17 November 2010
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	Abstract:Quorum sensing is the ability of bacteria to communicate and coordinate behavior via signaling molecules. Klebsiella pneumoniae secretes a non-homoserine lactone autoinducer in exponential phase as detected by a Vibrio harveyi reporter assay for autoinducer 2 (AI-2). To further investigate regulation of AI-2 production in Klebsiella pneumoniae, the pfs and luxS promoter fusions to an operon luxCDABE reporter were constructed in a high-copy-number vector, which is derived from pUC18 and pET28a(+) and allows an examination of transcription of the genes in the pathway for signal synthesis. In this study, time-course comparisons were performed with the cell densities of wild-type and recombinant Klebsiella pneumoniae, the transcription activity of pfs and luxS promoters and the synthesis of AI-2 at different culture times. The results showed that the production of AI-2 in Klebsiella pneumoniae was regulated by the transcriptional level of luxS in the synthetic pathway of AI-2, and the peaks of AI-2 production and the transcriptional level of luxS appeared at the same time point. The profile of luxS transcription and AI-2 production were closely related, which was also confirmed with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR technology. These facts support the idea that the quorum sensing in Klebsiella pneumoniae is luxS dependent.
	TO cite this article:Zhu Hu ,Gao Yuli . LuxS-dependent Transcript Profile of Quorum Sensing in Klebsiella pneumoniae[J].


	8. Functional analysis of three nifH genes and their promoters in Paenibacillus sabinae T27
	Hong Yuanyuan,Ma Yuchao,Sun Jichao,Chen Sanfeng
	Biology 21 October 2010
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	Abstract:Paenibacillus sabinae T27 (CCBAU 10202=DSM 17841) is a gram-positive, spore-forming diazotroph with potential for use as a bacterial fertilizer in agriculture. In this study, three nifH clusters were cloned from P. sabinae T27. The first nifH cluster is composed of nifB1nifH1nifDnifK, the second cluster contains nifNnifB2nifH2, and the third contains nifH3 and t1 t2 encoding ABC transporters. The DNA sequence identities between nifH1 and nifH2, between nifH1 and nifH3, and between nifH2 and nifH3 are 96.57％, 78％ and 78.81％, respectively. The coding regions of nifH1, nifH2 and nifH3 from P. sabinae under the control of the nifH promoter of Klebsiella pneumonia could partially restore nitrogenase activity of K. pneumonia nifH- mutant strain 1795 which has no nitrogenase activity. This suggests that the three nifH genes from P. sabinae T27 have function in nitrogen fixation. RT-PCR showed that all three nifH genes were transcribed under the excess of fixed nitrogen and oxygen. Further, we demonstrated that nifB1 with nifH1, nifB2 with nifH2, and nifH3 with t2 were co-transcribed using RT-PCR. DNA sequence analysis showed that among the three nifH clusters, there are five putative promoter regions for nifH genes: one in the nifH1 cluster, two in the nifH2 cluster and the other two in the nifH3 cluster. Analysis of β-galactosidase activity showed that the five different promoter-lacZ transcriptional fusions were expressed in Escherichia coli JM109, E. coli σ54 mutant strain TH1 and Bacillus cereus B905, suggesting that transcription of nifH genes of P. sabinae T27 are independent of both nif-specific activator NifA and transcriptional factor σ54 which are required for expression of nifH in most diazotrophs.
	TO cite this article:Hong Yuanyuan,Ma Yuchao,Sun Jichao, et al. Functional analysis of three nifH genes and their promoters in Paenibacillus sabinae T27[OL].[21 October 2010] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4387987


	9. Changes in expression level of neutral trehalase suggest a role for thermotolerance in Metarhizium anisopliae
	Yajun Leng,Yueqing Cao,Guoxiong Peng,Yuxian Xia
	Biology 04 March 2009
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	Abstract:Neutral trehalase (Ntl) is a trehalose hydrolyzing enzyme found in many organisms, including the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. To determine ntl’s role in thermotolerance and virulence of fungal conidiospores, we constructed an ntl RNA interference (RNAi) vector with dual promoter system and an over-expression vector, which could randomly integrate into the fungal genomic DNA. Compared to the wild-type, ntl mRNA reduced to 35-66% in RNAi mutants, while increased to 2-3 folds in the over-expression mutants. In RNAi conidiospores accumulated more trehalose, had less trehalase activity, and were much more tolerable to heat stress than the wild-type. Opposite effects were found in conidiospores of over-expression mutants compared to RNAi mutants. Pathogenicity was not altered with the changes in ntl mRNA and activity compared to the wild-type. These results indicated that ntl controlled trehalose concentration in M. anisopliae by degrading trehalose, which indirectly increased conidiospore thermotolerance. These results offered a new strategy to increased conidiospore thermotolerance of entomopathogenic fungus without affecting its virulence. Additionally, the dual promoter system developed for RNAi was proved as an efficient tool for functional analysis of entomopathogenic fungal genes.
	TO cite this article:Yajun Leng,Yueqing Cao,Guoxiong Peng, et al. Changes in expression level of neutral trehalase suggest a role for thermotolerance in Metarhizium anisopliae [OL].[ 4 March 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/29888


	10. A red-tide causing algae- Alexandrium tamarense lysed by bacteria in phycosphere
	Wang Xin,Li Zhi Jiang,Ning Xiu Rental,Zheng Tian Ling
	Biology 09 January 2009
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	Abstract:There were stabilized bacteria community in the xenic culture of Alexandrium tamarense, a red-tide causing algal. But little was known about the interaction between algal and bacteria community in its phycosphere. The objective of the current study was to determin the effect of bacteria in Alexandrium tamarense phycosphere on the growth of the algal. We added One percent (v/v) of 2216E medium to Alexandrium tamarense culture to alter the growth of bacteria. These results showed that algal cells were all lysed within 16 hours . After adding 2216E medium, both the abundance and the extracellular enzyme activity of bacteria increased by 50-100 times from the 6th hour to the 10th hour in lysis of algae. 16S rRNA gene fragments of most Bacteria were amplified from DNA extracted from cultures and were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing. The structure of bacteria community changed greatly in the process of algal lysis. Two bacteria strains, Alteromonas sp. and Thalassobius aestuarii sp. might be responsible for the algal lysing. And The β-D-glucosidase and chitinase produced by bacteria in phycosphere could directly cause the lysis of algae. These experiments provide an evidence of that bacteria in the phycosphere play a key role in Alexandrium tamarense culture ecosystem.
	TO cite this article:Wang Xin,Li Zhi Jiang,Ning Xiu Rental, et al. A red-tide causing algae- Alexandrium tamarense lysed by bacteria in phycosphere[OL].[ 9 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27578

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