Abstract:In order to assess the changes in soil K pools as affected by K fertilizer application and the impact of the changes on K balance, grain yield and K uptake, an experiment was conducted in Central Zhejiang Province, East China, in a continuous double-cropping rice system. Two sites were selected: 1) the Agricultural Research Institute of Jinhua (ARI) where soil is calcareous and 2) the Shimen Research Farm (SM) where soil is acidic. Eight consecutive crops were grown (1997 - 2000) in ARI and 5 consecutive crops (1998 - 2000) at SM. Treatments included unfertilized control (CK), and three different fertilizer treatments (NP, NK and NPK). Potassium extracted by ion exchange resin decreased from 26 mg kg-1 to 5 - 7 mg kg-1 after 8 consecutive season of growth at the ARI site. Addition of 100 kg K ha-1 for each rice crop was not enough to maintain initial K availability, especially in the calcareous soil at ARI site. In treatments with K, a small increase in readily available K was observed only in SM soil. The K extracted by HNO3 also decreased significantly in the treatments without K addition and was increased slightly in the treatments with K application. In the NP treatment, the decrease in HNO3-K was several times greater than Resin-K, indicating that non-exchangeable K may be the major source of K supply to rice. Soil K depletion was greater for hybrid rice than inbred rice, and this difference in K demand should be taken into account in developing fertilizer recommendations for irrigated rice.

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	1. Effect of K Fertilization on Soil K Pools and Rice Response in an Intensive Cropping System in China
	Zhang Qichun　,Wang Guanghuo,Feng Yuke
	Agronomy 18 February 2009
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	Abstract:In order to assess the changes in soil K pools as affected by K fertilizer application and the impact of the changes on K balance, grain yield and K uptake, an experiment was conducted in Central Zhejiang Province, East China, in a continuous double-cropping rice system. Two sites were selected: 1) the Agricultural Research Institute of Jinhua (ARI) where soil is calcareous and 2) the Shimen Research Farm (SM) where soil is acidic. Eight consecutive crops were grown (1997 - 2000) in ARI and 5 consecutive crops (1998 - 2000) at SM. Treatments included unfertilized control (CK), and three different fertilizer treatments (NP, NK and NPK). Potassium extracted by ion exchange resin decreased from 26 mg kg-1 to 5 - 7 mg kg-1 after 8 consecutive season of growth at the ARI site. Addition of 100 kg K ha-1 for each rice crop was not enough to maintain initial K availability, especially in the calcareous soil at ARI site. In treatments with K, a small increase in readily available K was observed only in SM soil. The K extracted by HNO3 also decreased significantly in the treatments without K addition and was increased slightly in the treatments with K application. In the NP treatment, the decrease in HNO3-K was several times greater than Resin-K, indicating that non-exchangeable K may be the major source of K supply to rice. Soil K depletion was greater for hybrid rice than inbred rice, and this difference in K demand should be taken into account in developing fertilizer recommendations for irrigated rice.
	TO cite this article:Zhang Qichun　,Wang Guanghuo,Feng Yuke . Effect of K Fertilization on Soil K Pools and Rice Response in an Intensive Cropping System in China[OL].[18 February 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/29255


	2. Design, Synthesis and Bioactivities Screening Based on Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and AChE Target of A Diaryl Keones-Inspired Pesticide Molecules Library
	Jin Hong ,Tao Ke ,Hou Taiping
	Agronomy 04 February 2009
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	Abstract:Chemical biology plays significant role in modern drug design and pesticide discovery. Bio-target based structural optimization may speed up the new drug development. A collection of bio-active compounds is the prerequisite for pesticide discovery. We herein described the development of a collection of compounds based on the diaryl ketone shared by three natural products, 1,5-diphenylpentan-1-one, 1,5-diphenylpent-2-en-1-one and 3-hydroxy-1,5-diphenylpentan-1-one with good insecticidal activities from extracts of Stellera chamaejasme L. of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Based on their shared diaryl ketone moiety as ‘pharmacophore’, a series of diaryl ketones were synthesized and subjected for insecticidal and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities examination. All synthesized compounds showed poor insecticidal and AChE inhibitory activity. However, some compounds showed strong activities against plant pathogenic fungi suggesting their potential usage in fungi prevention. Present study provides basis for further pesticide discovery.
	TO cite this article:Jin Hong ,Tao Ke ,Hou Taiping . Design, Synthesis and Bioactivities Screening Based on Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and AChE Target of A Diaryl Keones-Inspired Pesticide Molecules Library[OL].[ 4 February 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/28392

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	3. Effect of Hot Water Treatment on the Inhibition of Anthracnose, PG, PME Activity and PGIP Gene Expression in Harvested Papaya Fruits
	Zhao Nan ,Li Xueping ,Chen Weixin ,Shi Jingying
	Agronomy 24 January 2009
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	Abstract:The effect of hot water treatment on the inhibition of anthracnose, the activity of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME), and polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) gene expression in harvested papaya fruits were studied. The incidence of anthracnose of harvested papaya fruits was reduced by appropriate hot water treatment. Immerging in hot water at 54 oC for 4 min showed an obvious effect on controlling postharvest decay in papaya fruits. The fruit ripening was found to be delayed, PG and PME activities were significantly inhibited, and PGIP gene expression was enhanced in hot water-treated papaya fruits. The results suggested that hot water treatment might induce the resistance of papaya fruits to anthracnose disease and extend the storage life.
	TO cite this article:Zhao Nan ,Li Xueping ,Chen Weixin , et al. Effect of Hot Water Treatment on the Inhibition of Anthracnose, PG, PME Activity and PGIP Gene Expression in Harvested Papaya Fruits[OL].[24 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/28308


	4. Extraction of high quality of RNA and construction of a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library from Trifoliate Orange ( Poncirus trifoliata )
	Jin-Zhi Zhang,Zhi-Min Li,Jia-Ling Yao,chun-Gen Hu
	Agronomy 21 January 2009
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	Abstract:To gain a better understanding of gene expression in early flowering trifoliate orange mutant (precocious trifoliate orange, Poncirus trifoliata), suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) and bioinformatics were applied to identify differentially expressed genes in precocious trifoliate orange. However, isolation of high quality RNA from buds, internodal shoots, and mature leaf tissues of trifoliate orange is difficult because of its high levels of polyphenols, polysaccharides and other secondary metabolites. An modified extraction procedure gave satisfactory results, proteinase K and high concentrations of β- mercaptoethanol were used in the extraction buffer to improve RNA quality and yeild. In addition, proteinase K involved in the procedure avoided badly injury caused by diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), too. RNA isolated using above method was of sufficient quality for construction of suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) library, which allowed the isolation of several early flowering ESTs.
	TO cite this article:Jin-Zhi Zhang,Zhi-Min Li,Jia-Ling Yao, et al. Extraction of high quality of RNA and construction of a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library from Trifoliate Orange ( Poncirus trifoliata )[OL].[21 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/28174


	5. Isolation and Characterization of Homolog PtLEAFY promoter in Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. )
	Mei Li,Zhang Jinzhi,Li Zhimin,Hu Chungen
	Agronomy 19 January 2009
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	Abstract:Abstract The long juvenile phase for 6 to 8 years in woody plants has become a serious obstacle for genetic analysis and breeding practice. In order to understand the flower transition mechanism in woody plants, DNA sequence of a LEAFY homologue in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) was isolated and characterized. A chimeric expression construct PtLEAFY::GUS indicated the promoter from woody plant acted its role in Arabidopsis thiliana from 7-day old shoot apical meristem to rosette leaves. These findings concluded that PtLEAFY promoter from woody plants had immediate function in annual plants and may potential provide the specific promoter of shoot apical meristem .
	TO cite this article:Mei Li,Zhang Jinzhi,Li Zhimin, et al. Isolation and Characterization of Homolog PtLEAFY promoter in Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. )[OL].[19 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/28042


	6. Complete genomic sequence analyses of Turnip mosaic virus basal-BR isolates from China
	Wang Hongyan,Liu Jin-Liang ,Gao Rui,Chen Jia,Shao Yun-hua,Li Xiang-Dong
	Agronomy 05 January 2009
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	Abstract:Isolates of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) are divided into four molecular lineages based on host range and geographical origins. Basal-BR is one of the four lineages and represented a new emergent lineage in East Asia. In one previous paper, we report the occurrence of basal-BR isolates in China. Here, we presented the first two complete genomic sequences of Chinese TuMV basal-BR isolates, WFLB06 and TANX2. The genomes of both isolates were 9833 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tail, and had identical genomic structure. Most of their genes shared the highest identities with Japanese isolates. Recombination analysis showed that WFLB06 was an inter-lineage recombinant of basal-BR and Asian-BR parents, while TANX2 was an intra-lineage recombinant of basal-BR parents, and these two isolates represented two novel recombination patterns of TuMV. The ratio of non-synonymous and synonymous substitution for the P1 gene of Chinese TuMV population was the highest and amounted to 12 times higher than that for the NIa-Pro gene, which implies that the selection pressure on the P1 gene was the highest among the genes present in the genome.
	TO cite this article:Wang Hongyan,Liu Jin-Liang ,Gao Rui, et al. Complete genomic sequence analyses of Turnip mosaic virus basal-BR isolates from China[J].


	7. Molecular variability of five cucumber mosaic virus isolates from China
	Liu Yuanyaun,Yu Shanlin,Lan Yufei,Zhang Chengling,Hou Shanshan,Li Xiangdong,Zhang Guangmin,Shi Chengkui
	Agronomy 05 January 2009
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	Abstract:Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is the type species of genus Cucumovirus and currently divided into three subgroups, IA, IB and II. Here we reported the genome encoding 1a, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b of five CMV isolates from China and rechecked the subgrouping of CMV with sequences of more isolates. The phylogenetic results indicated that CMV could be divided into three groups genetically, and the group I could be further divided into at least three subgroups. Four of these five isolates belonged to subgroup IB, while isolate RZ was a natural intersubgroup reassortant. The 2b gene of CMV was under positive selection, while other genes were under negative selection. No evidence of selection associated with host adaptation and geographic distribution were found.
	TO cite this article:Liu Yuanyaun,Yu Shanlin,Lan Yufei, et al. Molecular variability of five cucumber mosaic virus isolates from China[J].


	8. Effects of By-product from Flue Gas Desulphurization on Sodic Soils Properties and Sunflower Growth
	Jinman Wang
	Agronomy 18 November 2008
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	Abstract:Because the main component of by-product from flue gas desulphurization（BFGD）is CaSO4, it can be used for improving sodic soils. Effects of BFGD on sodic soils properties and sunflower growth were studied in a pot experiment. The experiment consisted of eight treatments, four BFGD rates（0, 7.5, 15 and 22.5 t hm-2）and two leaching levels（750 and 1200 m3 hm-2）. Results indicated that the germination rate and yield of the sunflower increased, and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage（ESP），pH and Total Dissolved Salts（TDS）decreased by applying the by-product, while excessive BFGD also had effects on germination and growth of the sunflower and leaching could improve the efficiency. The physical and chemical properties of the soils reclaimed were best when the by-product was applied at 7.5 t hm-2 and water was irrigated at 1200 m3•hm-2, the soil pH, ESP, and TDS decreased from 9.2, 63.5 and 0.65% to 7.8, 2.8 and 0.06%, and the germination rate and yield of one sunflower reached 90% and 36.4g, respectively. Salinity should be controlled by leaching when sodic soil was reclaimed with BFGD because the growth of sunflower was very sensitive to salinity during its seeding stage.
	TO cite this article:Jinman Wang. Effects of By-product from Flue Gas Desulphurization on Sodic Soils Properties and Sunflower Growth[OL].[18 November 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/25825


	9. Effect of Soil Properties on growth and Nitrogenase Activity of Exotic Associative N-fixing Bacteria
	Riqing Zhu,Ping Fang,Guixiao La,Yajuan Li,Songlin Gao
	Agronomy 28 September 2008
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	Abstract:The competitive abilities of an exotic associated N-fixing bacteria strain (W12) with indigenous microbes in three soil samples were estimated using its rifampicin tolerant mutant (W12-R) based on the counts in the pure-culture and/or co-culture systems of the sterilized soil extracts. The reproduction of W12-R was significantly stressed by indigenous microbe in the co-culture systems of the all three soils, especially in the Honghe soil co-culture system due to its poor fertility. While the competitive stresses were abated at some extent after sucrose added in the co-culture systems, particularly in the Honghe soil co-culture system because of its lower indigenous microbial biomass. Furthermore, it was found that the nitrogenase activity of W12 in the co-cultured system decreased as the soil NH4+-N content or microbial biomass increased. While the nitrogenase activity of W12 was enhanced as soil TOC increased. The inoculating effects of W12 in 27 soil samples were evaluated according to the values of NAD, the difference between the nitrogenase activities detected in two soil culture systems inoculated with or without W12. Significant negative correlation between NAD and NH4+-N content (r = -0.554, P < 0.01) verified once again that higher NH4+-N content is a main nitrogenase inhibit factor in the soils. Positive inoculating effect of W12 could be obtained if soil NH4+-N content is less 10 mg kg-1, while could hardly observed when NH4+-N content exceed 60 mg kg-1. The significant negative correlations between nitrogenase activities of soil indigenous N-fixing bacteria or together with W12 and the soil Cd content were found, which implies that higher Cd content is one of the nitrogenase inhibitors to soil indigenous N-fixing microbe.
	TO cite this article:Riqing Zhu,Ping Fang,Guixiao La, et al. Effect of Soil Properties on growth and Nitrogenase Activity of Exotic Associative N-fixing Bacteria[OL].[28 September 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/24476


	10. Lead Distribution in the Tissue of Camellia Sinensis (L.) Kuntze after Leaf Pollution
	Jiangyu Fang,Xiaochun Wan
	Agronomy 23 July 2008
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	Abstract:Atmospheric lead (Pb) resulting from modern developing industry enters tea plant leaves and becomes a potential danger threatening people抯 health when they drink tea. To understand the storage capacity of Pb from the air by tea leaves and the possible translocation, we measured by Atomic Absorbance Spectrometer (AAS) Pb contents in leaves, stems and roots of tea seedlings after the two sides of the blade were coated with 180 mg/L C4H12O7Pb?H2O solution for over 6 months and investigated Pb distribution at tissue level by Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXA). The fact of Pb amount in leaves, stems and roots of 132.54 mg/Kg, 82.33 mg/Kg and 30.20 mg/Kg, respectively, suggests an easy Pb uptake and deposition by tea leaves, and phloem translocation. This mobility of Pb in phloem was confirmed by a serious of micro analyses. As the start of Pb uptake, the upper side of the blade lost the cell profiles while the lower kept distinct cell shapes, there was less Pb in lower epidermis near phloem than in the upper epidermis near xylem and less Pb in phloem than in xylem. Accordingly, Pb content in phloem increased from leaf to stem, then to root indicating its translocation via phloem. Relative stable Pb content in xylem tissues of the three organs further supported that the upward transport of Pb was more difficult than the downward. There was no evidence of different amount of Pb in specialized structures like trichomes or storage particles.
	TO cite this article:Jiangyu Fang,Xiaochun Wan. Lead Distribution in the Tissue of Camellia Sinensis (L.) Kuntze after Leaf Pollution[OL].[23 July 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/23029

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