Abstract:In this study,the effects of supplemental common yeast culture (CY) and glycerol-enriched yeast culture (GY) on performance, plasma metabolites, antioxidant status, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA expression were evaluated in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress. During summer months, 30 healthy multiparous lactating cows (parity 3.25 ± 0.48; 60 ± 13 d in milk [DIM]; 648 ± 57 kg BW; an average milk yield of 33.8 ± 1.6 kg/d) were blocked by parity, previous milk yield, and DIM and randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments: no supplemental yeast culture (Control), 1 L/d of CY (33.1 g yeast) per cow, and 2 L/d of GY (153.2 g glycerol and 31.6 g yeast) per cow. During the 60-d experiment, values of air temperature and relativehumidity inside the barn were recorded hourly every 3 d to calculate temperature-humidity index (THI). Weekly rectal temperatures (RT) and respiration rates and daily DMI and milk yield were recorded for all cows. Milk and blood samples were taken twice monthly, and BW and BCS were obtained on d 0 and 60. In this experiment, THI values indicated cows experienced a moderate heat stress. Cows supplemented with CY and GY had greater yields of milk, energy-corrected milk and milk fat, and milk fat percent but lower HSP70 mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes than Control cows (P < 0.05). Supplementing CY and GY tended (P < 0.15) to decrease RT at 1400 h, increase milk protein yield and erythrocyte glutathione, and reduce plasma urea nitrogen compared with Control. Lower plasma NEFA concentration and HSP70 mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (P < 0.05) and tendencies towards greater plasma glucose concentration (P = 0.11) but less BW loss (P = 0.14) were observed in GY relative to CY cows. In conclusion, either CY or GY supplementation partially mitigated the negative effects of heat stress on performance and HSP70 mRNA expression of lactating cows, and GY supplementation provided additional improvements in energy status and HSP70 gene expression of lactating cows.

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	1. Feeding glycerol-enriched yeast culture improves performance, energy status, and heat shock protein gene expression of lactating Holstein cows under heat stress
	Liu Jin,Ye Gengping,Zhou Yuanli,Liu Yunhuan,Zhao Lina,Liu Yongjie,Chen Xingxiang,Huang Da,Liao Shengfa,Huang Kehe
	Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine 04 May 2014
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	Abstract:In this study,the effects of supplemental common yeast culture (CY) and glycerol-enriched yeast culture (GY) on performance, plasma metabolites, antioxidant status, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA expression were evaluated in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress. During summer months, 30 healthy multiparous lactating cows (parity 3.25 ± 0.48; 60 ± 13 d in milk [DIM]; 648 ± 57 kg BW; an average milk yield of 33.8 ± 1.6 kg/d) were blocked by parity, previous milk yield, and DIM and randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments: no supplemental yeast culture (Control), 1 L/d of CY (33.1 g yeast) per cow, and 2 L/d of GY (153.2 g glycerol and 31.6 g yeast) per cow. During the 60-d experiment, values of air temperature and relativehumidity inside the barn were recorded hourly every 3 d to calculate temperature-humidity index (THI). Weekly rectal temperatures (RT) and respiration rates and daily DMI and milk yield were recorded for all cows. Milk and blood samples were taken twice monthly, and BW and BCS were obtained on d 0 and 60. In this experiment, THI values indicated cows experienced a moderate heat stress. Cows supplemented with CY and GY had greater yields of milk, energy-corrected milk and milk fat, and milk fat percent but lower HSP70 mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes than Control cows (P < 0.05). Supplementing CY and GY tended (P < 0.15) to decrease RT at 1400 h, increase milk protein yield and erythrocyte glutathione, and reduce plasma urea nitrogen compared with Control. Lower plasma NEFA concentration and HSP70 mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (P < 0.05) and tendencies towards greater plasma glucose concentration (P = 0.11) but less BW loss (P = 0.14) were observed in GY relative to CY cows. In conclusion, either CY or GY supplementation partially mitigated the negative effects of heat stress on performance and HSP70 mRNA expression of lactating cows, and GY supplementation provided additional improvements in energy status and HSP70 gene expression of lactating cows.
	TO cite this article:Liu Jin,Ye Gengping,Zhou Yuanli, et al. Feeding glycerol-enriched yeast culture improves performance, energy status, and heat shock protein gene expression of lactating Holstein cows under heat stress[OL].[ 4 May 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4595742


	2. In vitro culture and induced differentiation of goat fetal lung-derived mesenchymal stem cells (LMSC)
	Gao Jing,Liu Pengxia,Tai Dapeng,Cang Ming,Liu Dongjun
	Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine 24 February 2014
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	Abstract:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) occur in a variety of mammalian fetal and adult tissues. To date, most studies have been carried out on bone marrow-derived MSCs, with few studies reported on fetal lung-derived MSCs (LMSC). The purpose of this study was to separate fibroblastic cells from goat fetal lung tissue; culture these cells in vitro; identify their MSC characteristics; induce differentiation of goat fetal LMSCs into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, islet β-cells, and neurons; and validate their pluripotency. Our findings confirmed that the separated goat fetal LMSCs were fibroblasts capable of efficient growth and proliferation. RT-PCR showed positive expression of the following MSC marker genes compared to the control group: CD13, CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD106, and negative expression of CD45. Induced differentiation of goat fetal LMSCs into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, islet β-cells, and neurons was determined by cytochemical staining methods using Oil Red-O, silver nitrate (AgNO3), alcian blue, dithizone, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), respectively; and confirmed by RT-PCR identification of the marker genes: PPARγ2, collagen I, COL2A1, PDX1, and neuron-specific NSE, respectively. In conclusion, this study showed that goat fetal lung-derived cells possessed the biological characteristics and multipotent differentiation potential of MSCs. In addition, we have established successful methods for the separation, purification, and validation of goat fetal LMSCs, thereby preparing the ground for further cell cloning therapies and associated animal model studies.
	TO cite this article:Gao Jing,Liu Pengxia,Tai Dapeng, et al. In vitro culture and induced differentiation of goat fetal lung-derived mesenchymal stem cells (LMSC)[OL].[24 February 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4587206

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	3. Recognition of fluoride neurotoxicity
	NIU Ruiyan,SUN Zilong,WANG Jundong
	Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine 09 February 2014
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	Abstract:In this paper, the first description of neurological symptoms in patients with fluorosis has hinted the neurotoxic potential of fluoride. The increasing number of epidemiological studies on fluoride neurotoxicity, especially on children's intelligence, provided evidence for the link between fluoride exposure and nervous system impairment. Meanwhile, the animal behavioral tests by various methods showed that fluoride not only affected spontaneous behaviors, but also impaired the learning and memory ability. Fluoride detected in brain indicated its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Accumulation of fluoride in brain resulted in biochemical and functional changes in the nervous system. In order to present the understanding process of fluoride neurotoxicity, this review summarize investigations from our and others groups which mainly focus on the effect of fluoride on the nervous system.
	TO cite this article:NIU Ruiyan,SUN Zilong,WANG Jundong. Recognition of fluoride neurotoxicity[OL].[ 9 February 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4584911


	4. The translocation of CIDEC in hepatocytes depends on nutritional status
	Zhou Lei,Li Hongqiang,Yang Zaiqing
	Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine 15 January 2014
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	Abstract:The CIDEC protein is located in lipid droplets (LDs) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and is induced in fatty liver. However, the binding domain, the functional domain and the underlying mechanism of CIDEC in stimulating fat accumulation remain unclear. Here, we investigated the subcellular localization and function of pig CIDEC and confirmed CIDEC promotes unilocular development of LDs, reduces the specific surface area (SSA) of LDs and stimulates fat accumulation in HepG2 cells. By analyzing a series of CIDEC mutants, we revealed the N-domain (1-173 aa) is involved in LD localization and the C-domain (174-238 aa) is necessary for LD fusion. Further analysis indicated that the 106-173 aa region includes an ER-binding domain. Moreover, CIDEC stayed in the ER under lipid deficient conditions and translocated to LDs under fatty acid stimulation suggesting that localization of CIDEC in the ER is prior to the LD. Conclusions: Our data indicated excessive nutrition stimulated hepatic CIDEC expression and an increasing level of CIDEC induced hepatic LD fusion and fat accumulation. Our work suggests that CIDEC protects LDs by decreasing the SSA of LDs and is involved in the development of fatty liver.
	TO cite this article:Zhou Lei,Li Hongqiang,Yang Zaiqing. The translocation of CIDEC in hepatocytes depends on nutritional status[OL].[15 January 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4582429


	5. Evaluation of reference genes for investigation of gene expression profiles in chorioallantois from Meishan and Yorkshire pigs on gestational days 26 and 50
	HOU Chunyan,YU Mei,LI Xiaoping
	Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine 24 December 2013
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	Abstract:Selection of suitable reference gene is important for accurate measurement of gene expression data obtained using the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method. There has been no systematic investigation of reference genes for porcine chorioallantois which plays important roles in mediating concepts/fetus growth and survival. In this study, six candidate reference genes expressed in pig chorioallantois from Meishan and Yorkshire pigs on gestational days 26 (GD26) and 50 (GD50) were evaluated by qPCR. These genes included TATA box binding protein (TBP), glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ribosomal protein L32 (RPL32), actin-beta (ACTB), ribosomal protein S20 (RPS20) and RNApolymerase polypeptide G (RPG). The expression stability of these genes was investigated by using the GeNorm software program and statistical analyses. The rank order of the expression stability for these genes was (from the most stable to the least stable): TBP, GAPDH, RPL32, ΒACTIN, RPS20 and RPG. Collectively, the results suggest that the TBP and GAPDH could be considered as the suitable reference genes for investigation of gene expression in the pig chorioallantois from the two breeds at different gestational stages.
	TO cite this article:HOU Chunyan,YU Mei,LI Xiaoping. Evaluation of reference genes for investigation of gene expression profiles in chorioallantois from Meishan and Yorkshire pigs on gestational days 26 and 50[OL].[24 December 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4577871


	6. Effects of Ultradry Storage on Fluidity of Plasma Membrane of Haloxylon persicum Seeds
	TONG Lirong
	Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine 08 August 2013
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	Abstract:The DPH fluorescent probe (1,6-diphenyi-1,3,5,-hexatriene) was used to study the the effects of ultradry seed storage on the fluidity of plasma membrane. Results indicated that the micro-viscosity of plasma membrane of ultradried seeds had no significant changes compared with the Haloxylon persicum seeds which were stored under 4℃ condition. However, there was a little adverse effect on the seeds with extreme dehydration. The results were consistent with higher vigor level of ultradried seed. It indicated that ultradry seed storage could maintain the physiological function of seed, protect the integrity of the membrane and improve the storability of seed.
	TO cite this article:TONG Lirong. Effects of Ultradry Storage on Fluidity of Plasma Membrane of Haloxylon persicum Seeds[OL].[ 8 August 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4554086


	7. Identification, genotyping, and molecular evolution analysis of duck circovirus
	ZHANG Zhilong,JIA Renyong,LU Yanyan,XU Yu,WANG Mingshu,CHENG Anchun
	Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine 25 June 2013
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	Abstract:Duck circovirus (DuCV) is a contagious immunosuppressive virus affecting many duck species, which is responsible for multiple outbreaks in poultry industries worldwide. In this study, the first DuCV isolate GH01 was identified in Sichuan by PCR, which shared a high level of nucleotide identity (81.8-99.4%) with sequences of other DuCV isolates available in GenBank. Comparative phylogenetic and pairwise sequence comparisons analyses indicated that DuCV could be divided into two genotypes (DuCV-1 and DuCV-2) and six subtypes (1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b and 2c) based on the complete genome sequence. The results revealed that both DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 had evolved from the same ancestor but undergone divergent evolution. Interestingly, phylogenetic analyses indicated three isolates were classified into a cluster using complete DuCV genome sequence and cap gene, except rep gene. Recombination analyses revealed that DuCV-2a arose from recombination between DuCV-1a and DuCV-2c isolates within the rep genes, and the recombination events mainly occur both in non-structural protein coding region and structural protein coding region. In addition, the mechanisms of recombination supporting the genetic variability in DuCV isolates were investigated. Likewise, selective pressure indicated purifying selection had been a major driving force in maintaining diversity among the DuCV isolates. Because eradicating the virus from commercial ducks is impossible, it is necessary to take effective control measures and implement them throughout the world.
	TO cite this article:ZHANG Zhilong,JIA Renyong,LU Yanyan, et al. Identification, genotyping, and molecular evolution analysis of duck circovirus[OL].[25 June 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4549443


	8. miRNA profiling in the sexually mature porcine testes determined by Solexa deep sequencing
	Zhou Jiawei,Liu Gang,Guan Kaifeng,Ma Changping,Lei Bin,Tong Keya,Li Jialian,Li Fenge
	Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine 03 April 2013
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	Abstract:miRNAs are a large family of small regulatory elements that direct messenger RNA degradation or disrupt mRNA translation. High-throughput Solexa sequencing approach was adopted to expand the repertoire of porcine miRNAs and to explore their roles on spermatogenesis. 237,590 total reads (792 unique reads) representing 65 known mature miRNAs in the miRBase release 14.0 were detected. 116 miRNAs including 12 known miRNAs in the miRBase release 15.0 and 104 novel miRNAs were identified from the un-annotated small RNAs. 466,757 targets for 104 novel miRNAs were predicted by MIREAP. The highly expressed miRNAs in porcine testes (let-7c, let-7f, miR-148a, miR-140* and miR-199b) had a very high rate of SNP mutation, and the most popular SNP was T to G mutation at position 6. Three known miRNAs including miR-514, miR-507, miR-508-5p were significantly differentially expressed between some groups (p<0.05), while two novel miRNAs- DB-m0102 and DB-m0071 were not significantly differentially expressed between all detected groups.
	TO cite this article:Zhou Jiawei,Liu Gang,Guan Kaifeng, et al. miRNA profiling in the sexually mature porcine testes determined by Solexa deep sequencing[OL].[ 3 April 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4535593


	9. Effect of Apoptosis Repressor with Caspase Recruitment Domain on the Gene Expression of Insulin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy c-Myc in Broiler
	Jing Zhao,Shijin Yang,Zhaofang Xi,Liming Wu,Dingzong Guo
	Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine 29 March 2013
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	Abstract:This study aimed to observe the effect of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) on the gene expression of insulin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy c-Myc in a chick embryo cardiomyocyte culture. Method: Chick embryo cardiomyocytes were acquired from 9- to 11-day-old chick myocardial tissue, and then treated with collagenase II digestion and induced with hypertrophy by insulin. The diameter and surface area of the cardiomyocytes were measured as hypertrophy indicators. Recombinant PEGFP-N1/ARC plasmid was obtained and transfected into the chick embryo cardiomyocytes. The expression of the proto-oncogene c-Myc mRNA and protein in the cardiomyocytes was detected by real time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Result: Treatment with insulin (10-7 mol/L) lasted for 48 h. After treatment, the cardiomyocyte diameter (17.66 ± 1.346 μm) significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with the control group (15.57 ± 1.803 μm). The cardiomyocyte surface area (283.8 ± 62.8 μm2) significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with the control group (231.0 ± 148.3 μm2). The expression of both c-Myc mRNA and protein increased (P < 0.05) after insulin addition. After the transformation of PEGFP-N1/ARC, the action of insulin was affected, the c-Myc mRNA and protein expression levels decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ARC can inhibit insulin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which may related to the inhibition of expression of the proto-oncogene c-Myc.
	TO cite this article:Jing Zhao,Shijin Yang,Zhaofang Xi, et al. Effect of Apoptosis Repressor with Caspase Recruitment Domain on the Gene Expression of Insulin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy c-Myc in Broiler[OL].[29 March 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4533533


	10. Regulation of PTHrP on MMP13 in Sika Deer Antler Chondrocytes
	WANG Shoutang,GUO Bin,LI Dangdang,TIAN Xuechao,YUE Zhanpeng
	Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine 18 March 2013
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	Abstract:Deer antlers are the only mammalian appendages to display annual cycle of full regeneration. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of antler regeneration. Our previous study has demonstrated that parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) can promote proliferation of antler chondrocytes and inhibit its differentiation. But the mechanism underlying such regulation is not fully understood. The present study aimed to determine the role of PTHrP on the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) in the antler chondrocytes. The possible pathways that transduce PTHrP effects were also investigated in the cells. The in situ hybridization results showed that MMP13 were mainly localized in the dermal fibroblasts, perichondrium and cartilage in the sika deer antler, of which MMP13 were highly expressed in the antler chondrocytes. Exogenous PTHrP could inhibit the expressions of MMP13 in the antler chondrocytes. The inhibitory effect of PTHrP on MMP13 was eliminated by P38MAPK inhibitor SB203850 and PKC inhibitor GF109203X. These results suggest that PTHrP can inhibit MMP13 expression by p38MAPK and PKC signaling pathways in the antler chondrocytes, thus PTHrP is involved in the control of antler chondrocytes maturation and cartilage matrix degradation.
	TO cite this article:WANG Shoutang,GUO Bin,LI Dangdang, et al. Regulation of PTHrP on MMP13 in Sika Deer Antler Chondrocytes[OL].[18 March 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4528943

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