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	1. Effect of Neurokinin B on expression of GnRH and kisspeptin in the hypothalamus of rat
	Gao Xiaoxiao,Zhang Kaifa,Li Xiumei,Yang Chen,Luo Lei,Liu Ya,Fang Fugui,Zhang Xiaorong
	Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine 06 May 2016
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	Abstract:The aim of study is to investigate the effect of central administration of neurokinin B (NKB) on the timing of puberty onset and the expression levels of kisspeptin and gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) genes and proteins in the hypothalamus of rats. Prepubertal Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: NKB, vehicle, and control groups. The rats in the NKB group received intracerebroventricular injection of NKB solution, those in the vehicle group received injections of an equal volume of saline, and those in the control group did not receive any treatment. The rats were sacrificed, and the hypothalamus was obtained, sectioned, and used for fluorescence immunocolocalization of GnRH and kisspeptin immunoreactivity. Total RNA was extracted and quantified, and the DNA was analyzed using RT-PCR. The results of this study demonstrated that NKB treatment of prepubertal rats expedited the timing of vaginal opening (VO) and increased the ovary and uterus weights. Additionally, the hypothalamic expression of Kiss1 and GnRH mRNA and the number of GnRH-immunoreactive (ir) cells number significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) but increased in the paraventricularis nucleus (PVN) and median eminence (ME), while the number of kisspeptin-ir cells significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the ARC and periventricular nucleus (PeN) relative to the control. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the number of kisspeptin-ir cells in the PVN. Overall, the results suggest that NKB plays a major role in modulating the activity of kisspeptin and GnRH during puberty. Nevertheless, both kisspeptin and GnRH serve different functions in the in the different nuclei of the hypothalamus during the onset of puberty.
	TO cite this article:Gao Xiaoxiao,Zhang Kaifa,Li Xiumei, et al. Effect of Neurokinin B on expression of GnRH and kisspeptin in the hypothalamus of rat[OL].[ 6 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4687301


	2. Understanding the early ovarian developmental changes in the female chickens
	Ping Yu,Jian Li,Yuling Mi,Caiqiao Zhang
	Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine 04 December 2015
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	Abstract:The reproductive performance of female hen mainly depends on ovarian and follicular development. Therefore the complete insight of the mechanisms leading to the development of ovary is very important. In this respect we have studied early ovarian development until the formation of primordial follicles in the chicken. Our study was based on on the early ovarian development and then post hatching development of ovary. We have noticed asymmetric ovarian developmental phenomenon after E7.5 of embryonic chicken sex differentiation. The size of the right side ovary was not distinct and cortex disappeared. The right ovarian germ cell proliferation rate gradually decreased from E5.5 to E7.5 and some of them were crowded into the medullary lacunae by programmed cell death. In our another study we have noticed that the primordial follicle formation started to commence after the third day after hatching and it became rapid after first week of post hatching to two weeks of post hatching in the female chicken. In addition to this, we have observed an abnormal phenomenon during the formation of primordial follicle when a low number of the multiple oocyte follicles that were thought to be oocyte cysts and did not completely break apart during cyst breakdown due to the unknown reason. This underlying mechanisms needs further research. Therefore, our study of early ovarian development in the chicken will make a theoretical base for further understanding of the regulation of reproduction function and improving the laying performance in poultry.
	TO cite this article:Ping Yu,Jian Li,Yuling Mi, et al. Understanding the early ovarian developmental changes in the female chickens[OL].[ 4 December 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4669011


	3. Expression profiles of key candidate genes involved in steroidogenesis during follicular atresia in the pig ovary
	Zengxiang Pan,Jinbi Zhang,Fei Lin,Xueshan Ma,Xuguang Wang,honglin Liu
	Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Medicine 20 April 2012
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	Abstract:More than 99% of follicles in mammalian ovaries undergo a degenerative process known as atresia, and thus only a limited number of ovarian follicles actually ovulate after full growth and development. The endocrinological regulatory mechanisms involved in follicular development have been studied extensively, but the precise and systematic molecular mechanisms of steroidogenesis enzymes involved in atresia are unclear. In the present study, we examined whether and how the steroidogenesis enzymes are involved in porcine ovary follicular atresia. Expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, CYP11, CYP17, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), CYP19, as well as related pituitary and ovarian hormone receptors were quantified in ovaries. During porcine follicular atresia, expressions of P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, progesterone and androgen receptors increased significantly during the late atretic stage, while the expression of aromatase and follicle-stimulating hormone receptors decreased significantly in the early stage. These data suggested that the regulation of aromatase by follicle-stimulating hormone might induce follicular atresia, and that progesterone and androgen production further promoted follicular atresia. Additionally, a correlation analysis indicated a large and complex interactive network among these genes and the endocrinological microenvironment of the follicles. Significant correlations were observed between expression of steroidogenic enzymes and their receptors, and also between progesterone and 17β-estradiol (E2) levels in follicular fluid. Taken together, these results suggest that CYP19 plays a role during early atresia by regulating the production of E2, whereas CYP11 and 3β-HSD increase atresia progression by increasing progesterone levels.
	TO cite this article:Zengxiang Pan,Jinbi Zhang,Fei Lin, et al. Expression profiles of key candidate genes involved in steroidogenesis during follicular atresia in the pig ovary[OL].[20 April 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4476052

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