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1. The Toxic Actions and Pharmacological Activities of Veratramine | |||
LYU Chunming,ZHANG Ning | |||
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology 05 November 2015 | |||
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Abstract:The steroidal alkaloid veratramine shows a variety of toxic actions and pharmacological activities. It is believed that veratramine has cardiac activity, antitumor activity and central action. Veratramine has also been recognized as a 5-HT agonist. The mechanisms of these toxic actions and pharmacological activities were investigated. In previous reports, microbial biotransformation of veratramine was carried out with two types of fungi (Nocardia species ATCC 21145 and Cunninghamella echinulata). Rings A and B of veratramine were transformed and seven new metabolites were identified. The toxic actions and pharmacological activities of veratramine, the corresponding mechanisms together with the microbial biotransformation of veratramine are reviewed in this paper. | |||
TO cite this article:LYU Chunming,ZHANG Ning. The Toxic Actions and Pharmacological Activities of Veratramine[OL].[ 5 November 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4660115 |
2. Duhuo Jisheng decoction inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in chondrocytes induced by tunicamycin through the downregulation of miR-34a | |||
LIU Fayuan,WENG Xiaping,LIN Pingdong,ZHENG Chunsong,XU Huifeng,LIU Xianxiang,YE Hongzhi,LI Xihai | |||
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology 10 September 2015 | |||
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Abstract:Our previous study showed that Duhuo Jisheng decoction (DHJSD) inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis by the mitochondria-dependent signaling pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is upstream of the mitochondria-dependent signaling pathway and has been shown to promote chondrocyte apoptosis that occurs in osteoarthritis (OA). The present study aimed to evaluate whether DHJSD inhibits the chondrocyte apoptosis by regulating ER stress. DHJSD enhanced the viability of tunicamycin (TM)-exposed chondrocytes, a model of ER stress-induced apoptosis, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as shown by MTT assay. The present results showed that DHJSD and sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, reduced TM-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. To gain insight into the mechanisms of DHJSD that are responsible for enhancing the viability and inhibiting TM-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, the associated mRNA expressions and protein levels were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The results showed that the expression levels of Xbp1, Xbp1s and Bcl-2 were increased, and the expression levels of Bip, Atf4, Chop, Bax, caspase-9 and -3 were decreased in the TM-exposed chondrocytes treated with DHJSD or PBA compared with that in the TM-exposed chondrocytes. To identify the possible mechanisms, the expression of miR-34a was examined by the TaqMan microRNA assay, and was downregulated in the TM-exposed chondrocytes treated with DHJSD or PBA compared with that in the TM-exposed chondrocytes. DHJSD inhibits ER stress in chondrocytes induced by exposure to TM by downregulating miR-34a, suggesting that DHJSD may be a potential therapeutic agent for OA. | |||
TO cite this article:LIU Fayuan,WENG Xiaping,LIN Pingdong, et al. Duhuo Jisheng decoction inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in chondrocytes induced by tunicamycin through the downregulation of miR-34a[OL].[10 September 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4654175 |
3. Marsdenia tenacissima extract enhances gefitinib efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer xenogratfs | |||
Han Shuyan,Zhao Wei,Hong Sun,An Guo,Li Pingping | |||
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology 25 December 2014 | |||
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Abstract:The stem of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn. has long been used as a medicine to treat cancer in China. Our previous results showed that Marsdenia tenacissima extract (MTE) overcomes gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells. The present study investigated in vivo anti-tumor activity of MTE combined with gefitinib. H460 (K-ras mutation) or H1975 cells (T790M mutation) was subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice. Tumor volume and body weight were measured during the experiment. The resected tumors were weighed after animals were sacrificed. Cellular proliferation and apoptosis in xenografts tumor tissue were assessed. EGFR downstream pathways and c-Met expression was evaluated by western blotting. In accordance with the previous in vitro study, MTE at low dose (5 g/kg) was chosen to assess whether it can restore gefitinib sensitivity in vivo. Interestingly, MTE prominently enhanced gefitinib efficacy in the resistant H460 and H1975 xenografts. This combination significantly inhibited tumor proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in both resistant NSCLC xenografts. Constitutive activation of PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathway is related to EGFR-TKI resistance. Accordingly, phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK1/2 was suppressed after the combined treatment. Simultaneously, the cross-talked c-Met and EGFR was also prominently lowered in the presence of MTE combined with gefitinib. This study provides in vivo evidence to demonstrate that MTE enhancing gefitinib efficacy in the resistant NSCLC xenografts, and suggests the combination of MTE and gefitinib as a promising approach against NSCLC. | |||
TO cite this article:Han Shuyan,Zhao Wei,Hong Sun, et al. Marsdenia tenacissima extract enhances gefitinib efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer xenogratfs[OL].[25 December 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4625452 |
4. On the Cell Origin of meridian: a hypothesis????? | |||
CAO Zhiping | |||
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology 06 November 2014 | |||
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Abstract:Although acupuncture has been partially recognized for its therapeutic functions in Western countries, the meridian theory is still highly disputed. So far, no substantial anatomical structure has been found to support the existence of "Jing" or "channels" and "Luo" or "collaterals". The regulatory function of the meridians cannot yet be explained based on modern biology. In this article, the meridian system was compared with nematode nervous system, and it was found that there were high structural similarities between the two systems. Therefore, based on the biogenetic law that animal ontogeny is simply a quick recapitulation of phylogeny, I hypothesized that the meridian was originated from the nematode nervous system which was recapitulated during the human embryonic development, and meridian cells were the residual cells of nematode nervous systems. Here it was shown that many meridian phenomena can be well explained by the hypothesis, such as the bidirectional signal transduction, surface vs. viscus correspondence, delay of effect, linear features, stimulus strength threshold and diversity of stimuli. In addition, it can also explain other meridian phenomena, such as "De Qi " or "engaged", sensation along the meridians, meridian-specific skin disease, low resistance and high calcium ion concentration at the acupoints, high temperature and lighting along the meridians. I also proposed a number of ways to validate the hypothesis for two key aspects: (1) the truthfulness of the meridians, (2) the origin of meridian cells. For example, induced pluripotency technology can be used to demonstrate the embryogenicity of the meridian cells, and photogenetics techniques can be used to verify the nervous properties of the meridian cells.. | |||
TO cite this article:CAO Zhiping. On the Cell Origin of meridian: a hypothesis?????[OL].[ 6 November 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4617393 |
5. Reduning Injection Sensitization in Guinea pigs | |||
Wang Fang,Peng Guoping,Xiao Wei,Wang Zhenzhong,Zheng yunfeng,Li Cunyu,Zhu Huaxu | |||
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology 25 July 2014 | |||
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Abstract:Reduning injection, a traditional Chinese medicine injection, has multiple functions such as clearing heat, dispelling wind, as well as detoxification. However, there are a few reports of severe anaphylaxis during the clinical application of reduning. The aim of this study is to determine the sensitization to reduning in guinea pigs and the underlying cause of the anaphylactic reaction. The compositions and Tween-80 in reduning were determined before and after ultrafiltration. Egg albumin, ultrafiltered reduning, unfiltered reduning, Tween-80 and nine compositions in reduning were selected to sensitize and stimulate the animals. Changes in the levels of plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine were used to analyze the effect of ultrafiltration on the sensitization effect of reduning injection. We detected a significant decrease in Tween-80 content but a less significant decrease in the other components of the injection following ultrafiltration. Unfiltered reduning injection, Tween-80, and chlorogenic acid caused remarkable sensitization on guinea pigs while the filtered reduning injection resulted in a significantly lower degree of sensitization. These results suggest that ultrafiltration significantly reduced the sensitizing effect of reduning injection, which is likely due to Tween-80 content. Additionally, the form of chlorogenic acid within the complex solution mixture may also affect the sensitizing effect of chlorogenic acid. | |||
TO cite this article:Wang Fang,Peng Guoping,Xiao Wei, et al. Reduning Injection Sensitization in Guinea pigs[OL].[25 July 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4604851 |
6. Icariin protects SH-SY5Y cells from formaldehyde-induced injury through inhibition of tau phosphorylation | |||
Song Yixiang,Miao Junye,Qiang Min,He Rongqiao,Wang Xuemei,Li Weiwei | |||
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology 20 March 2014 | |||
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Abstract:BACKGROUND: Formaldehyde-induced neurotoxicity is implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Icariin, a flavonoid found in Chinese herbal medicine Epimedium, exhibits neuroprotective activity; however, whether Icariin antagonizes formaldehyde-induced nerve injury is unclear. AIMS: To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Icariin on formaldehyde-treated SH-SY5Y cells and the possible mechanisms involved. METHODS: SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group, formaldehyde treatment group, and Icariin treatment group. Cell viability, apoptosis, and morphological changes were determined by CCK8, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy, respectively. The phosphorylation of protein tau was examined by Western blot. RESULTS: Formaldehyde showed a half lethal dose (LD50) of 0.3 mM in SH-SY5Y cells. Icariin (1 - 10 μM) prevented formaldehyde-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells in a dose-dependent manner, with the optimal effect observed at 5 μM. Examination of cell morphology by confocal microscopy demonstrated that 5 μM ICA significantly attenuated formaldehyde-induced cell injury. Additionally, Icariin inhibited formaldehyde-induced cell apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Results from western blot analysis showed that Icariin suppressed formaldehyde-induced tau phosphorylation at Thr181 and Ser396, while having no effect on the total tau protein level. Furthermore, Icariin reduced Tyr216 phosphorylation and increased Ser9 phosphorylation of the tau kinase GSK-3β. CONCLUTION: Icariin protects SH-SY5Y cells from formaldehyde-induced injury possibly through inhibition of GSK-3β-mediated tau phosphorylation.????? | |||
TO cite this article:Song Yixiang,Miao Junye,Qiang Min, et al. Icariin protects SH-SY5Y cells from formaldehyde-induced injury through inhibition of tau phosphorylation[OL].[20 March 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4590573 |
7. Protective effect of total glycoside from Ligustrum lucidum on concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice | |||
YANG Nianyun,GUO Jianming,YU Li | |||
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology 15 January 2014 | |||
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Abstract:Objective: To investigate the protective effect of total glycoside extract (TGE) from Ligustrum lucidum on concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice. Methods: Con A injection into the tail vein caused hepatitis mice model via an intragastric feeding and TGE was meanwhile intervened, while the mice in control group were fed normal diet. At the end of experiments, all the mice were sacrificed to analyze serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Pathological changes of hepatic tissues were observed under microscope. Results: Compared to model group, serum ALT, AST, TNF-a and IL-6 levels exhibited an obvious reduction in TGE intervened mice (P<0.05). Conclusion: TGE has a significant preventive effect on Con A-induced hepatitis in mice, which can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines, relieve the peroxidation injury and improve liver function. | |||
TO cite this article:YANG Nianyun,GUO Jianming,YU Li. Protective effect of total glycoside from Ligustrum lucidum on concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice[OL].[15 January 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4582559 |
8. Antiplatelet Profiles of Six Water Extracts from Medicinal Herbs for Activating Blood and Resolving Stasis | |||
TAO Li,ZHANG Lei,RUAN Junshan,YAN Linggeng,LU Yin | |||
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology 05 December 2013 | |||
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Abstract:Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for activating blood and resolving stasis (Huoxuehuayu) has been widely applied in treatment of various platelet-related diseases. The present study was to explore the antiplatelet activity of the water extracts from six kinds of Huoxuehuayu herbs commonly used in clinical context, which fall into three categories, namely Hexue, Huoxue, and Poxue. We also investigated the differences in the antiplatelet activity of the water extracts from three categories. To this end, human platelet aggregation assay induced by ADP and thrombin was used to evaluate the antiplatelet activity, and flow cytometry assay for detecting the effects on the expression of CD41 and CD62P, two activated platelet surface markers. Results showed that all the water extracts (1 mg/ml) could significantly suppress human platelet aggregation in vitro (P<0.01), but extracts from three categories exhibited different inhibitory effects on expression of CD41 and CD62P respectively, suggesting the different properties for Huoxuehuayu. We concluded that combined use of Huoxuehuayu herbs may have potent therapeutic effects against platelet-related diseases in clinical contexts. | |||
TO cite this article:TAO Li,ZHANG Lei,RUAN Junshan, et al. Antiplatelet Profiles of Six Water Extracts from Medicinal Herbs for Activating Blood and Resolving Stasis[OL].[ 5 December 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4573339 |
9. Neuroprotective effects of extract of Acanthopanax senticosus harms on WT-α-Syn or A53T-α-Syn transgenic SH-SY5Y cells | |||
LI Xuzhao,WANG Kexin,ZHANG Shuainan,YANG Zhiming,LIU Hong-yu,LU Fang,Liu Shumin | |||
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology 29 July 2013 | |||
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Abstract:AIM: Extract of Acanthopanax senticosus harms (EAS) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) mice model. α-Synuclein is a key player in the pathogenesis of PD, the elevated level of which is deleterious to dopaminergic neurons, and enhancing its clearance might be a promising strategy for treating PD. To assess the potential of EAS in this regard, we investigated its effect on the SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing wild-type α-synuclein (WT-α-Syn) or A53T mutant α-synuclein (A53T-α-Syn) and the implicated pathway it might mediate. METHODS: After treatment with EAS, the effect of EAS on apoptosis in these two transgenic cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. The changes of α-synuclein, caspase-3, parkin, phospho-protein kinase B (Akt), phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), and phospho-microtubule-associated protein tau (Tau) in WT-α-Syn or A53T-α-Syn transgenic cells were analyzed by western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: The changes of α-synuclein, caspase-3, parkin, phospho-Akt, phospho-GSK3β, and phospho-Tau in WT-α-Syn or A53T-α-Syn transgenic cells were reverted back to near normal levels. CONCLUSION: The neuroprotective effects of EAS may be able to protect WT-α-Syn or A53T-α-Syn transgenic SH-SY5Y cells from α-synuclein overexpression and toxicity. Therefore, we speculate that EAS might be a promising candidate for prevention or treatment of α-synuclein-related neurodegenerative disorders such as PD. | |||
TO cite this article:LI Xuzhao,WANG Kexin,ZHANG Shuainan, et al. Neuroprotective effects of extract of Acanthopanax senticosus harms on WT-α-Syn or A53T-α-Syn transgenic SH-SY5Y cells[J]. |
10. Duhuo Jisheng Decoction promotes chondrocyte proliferation through accelerated G1/S transition in osteoarthritis | |||
WU Guangwen,CHEN Wenlie,ZHENG Chunsong,CHU Jianfeng,LIN Ruhui,YE Jinxia,XU Huifeng,LI Xihai,HUANG Yunmei,YE Hongzhi,LIU Xianxiang,WU Mingxia | |||
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology 24 June 2013 | |||
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Abstract:Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction (DHJSD) on osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A total of 27 two-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (no papain-induced OA; received an equivalent amount of saline only), the model group (papain-induced OA; received an equivalent amount of saline only) and the DHJSD group [papain-induced OA; received a clinical oral dose of DHJSD (9.3g/kg/day)]. After 8 consecutive weeks of treatment, the morphological changes in articular cartilage were observed under an optical microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6, Rb and p16 were measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: Treatment with DHJSD significantly improved the arrangement of articular cartilage structure and collagen fibers and reduced cell degeneration compared with the model group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6 and Rb in DHJSD-treated group were significantly increased compared to those in the model group, whereas p16 expression was significantly down-regulated. Conclusion: DHJSD treatment promotes chondrocyte proliferation by promoting the G1/S checkpoint transition in the cell cycle and by up-regulating the expression of Cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6 and Rb and down-regulating the expression of p16 and this may, in part, explain its clinical efficacy in the treatment of osteoarthritis. | |||
TO cite this article:WU Guangwen,CHEN Wenlie,ZHENG Chunsong, et al. Duhuo Jisheng Decoction promotes chondrocyte proliferation through accelerated G1/S transition in osteoarthritis[OL].[24 June 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4549063 |
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