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Sponsored by the Center for Science and Technology Development of the Ministry of Education
Supervised by Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
Abstract:The genetic incompatibilities between nucleus and cytoplasm affect various important traits, such as fertile, yield, and cause extremely complex morphological variation of floral organs. Alloplasm directly regulates the fertility of plants and may result in male sterility. A set of alloplasmic lines, which derived from 12 cytoplasm backcrossing with 3 upland cotton inbred-lines for several successive generations, were used to investigate the effects of nuclear, cytoplasm, and nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction (NCI) on the morphology of flower organ. Observational data of floral traits, include anther numbers, bud length, bud width and stigma length, were measured based on repeat experiment and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to detect the differences. The results showed that the number of cotton anther was mainly determined by cytoplasm and environment, however, not significantly affected by nucleus. The length and width of bud were determined by nucleus, cytoplasm and nucleus-cytoplasmic interaction. The length of stigma was predominantly affected by nucleus and nucleus-cytoplasmic interaction. The results help us to understand more in genetic effects of cytoplasm.
Abstract:Auxin/Indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) genes participate in the auxin signaling pathway and play key roles in plant growth and development. Although the Aux/IAA gene family has been identified in many plants, within allotetraploid Brassica napus little is known. In this study, a total of 119 non-redundant Aux/IAA genes were found in the genome of B. napus. They were distributed non-randomly across all 19 chromosomes and other non-anchored random scaffolds, with a symmetric distribution in the A and C subgenomes. Evolutionary and comparative analysis revealed that 111 (94.1%) B. napus Aux/IAA genes were multiplied due to ancestral Brassica genome triplication and recent allotetraploidy from B. rapa and B. oleracea. Phylogenetic analysis indicated seven subgroups containing 29 orthologous gene sets and two Brassica-specific gene sets. Structures of genes and proteins varied across different genes but were conserved among homologous genes. Furthermore, analysis of transcriptional profiles revealed that the expression patterns of Aux/IAA genes in B. napus were tissue dependent. Auxin-responsive elements tend to be distributed in the proximal region of promoters, and are significantly associated with early exogenous auxin up-regulation. This comprehensive analysis provides a deeper understanding of diversification of Aux/IAA gene family and will facilitate further dissection of Aux/IAA gene function in B. napus.
TO cite this article:Li Haitao,Wang Jing. Genome-wide analysis of the auxin/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family in allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)[OL].[ 4 May 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4732547
Abstract: Allelic variation at the FRIGIDA (FRI) locus is a major contributor to natural variation of flowering time and vernalization requirement in Arabidopsis thaliana. Dominant FRI inhibits flowering by activating the expression of the MADS box transcriptional repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), which represses flowering and responses to vernalization. Four FRI orthologues had been identified in the domesticated amphidiploid Brassica napus. Linkage and association studies had revealed that one of the FRI orthologues, BnaA3.FRI, contributes to flowering time variation and growth type differentiation. Haplotype analysis of the four BnaFRI copies indicated that only BnaA3.FRI was highly conserved in winter type oilseed rape. Polymorphism analysis of BnaA3.FRI using PCR markers in a panel of 174 B. napus accessions identified four haplotypes, all of which showed significantly non-random distribution (P < 0.01) among different growth types and geographical regions. In addition, a large number of nonsynonymous mutations within the coding region of BnaA3.FRI were revealed. Both association analysis and transgenic functional complementation demonstrated that mutations in the coding sequence of BnaA3.FRI lead to weak alleles, and subsequently to flowering time variation. This study for the first time provides a molecular basis for flowering time control by BnaA3.FRI in B. napus, and will facilitate predictive oilseed rape breeding to select varieties with favorable flowering time and better adaption to latitude and seasonal shifts due to changing climate.
Abstract:Annexins are Ca2+-dependent phospholipids-binding proteins constituting evolutionary conserved multigene family that widely distributed throughout animals and plants. OsANN4 is a member of rice annexin protein family. However, the functions and mechanisms of OsANN4 in stress responses and signal pathways remain unclear. GUS staining assay and quantitative RT-PCR indicated that the expression of OsANN4 is tissue-specific. In this study, OsANN4 expression was high at seedling stage. The plants which knocking down OsANN4 through RNA interference were more sensitive to ABA at the seeds germination stage comparing to wild type. It suggested that OsANN4 was involved in response to ABA signaling under abiotic stress. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that OsANN4 interacted with OsCDPK24. This may provide potential regulation cross-talk in the abiotic stress response.
TO cite this article:Can Guan,Qian Zhang,Yingjie Gao,Jianchao Ma, et al. OsANN4 confers stress induced by ABA signaling and regulates antioxidant accumulation[OL].[28 April 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4730556
Abstract:In this paper, a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety Nipponbare, an indica variety 9311 and a set of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) which were generated using Nipponbare as the recipient parent and 9311 as the donor parent were used as the experimental materials. The CSSLs were grown in 2012 (normal temperature condition) and 2013 (high temperature condition) in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, and were used to map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for heat tolerance, based on the heat tolerance index [(The seed setting rate under normal temperature condition - The seed setting rate under high temperature condition) / The seed setting rate under normal temperature condition]. As a result, three QTLs for heat tolerance in rice were mapped on chromosomes 2, 4 and 12, respectively. They had LOD (logarithm of odds) scores of 2.56, 4.02 and 2.79, and contribution rates of 4. 95%, 7.99% and 5.44%. Among them, qHT12.1 showed positive effect, while qHT2.1 and qHT4.1 showed negative effect on heat tolerance. The results lay a foundation for the fine mapping and cloning of the QTLs and genes related to heat tolerance, and for the breeding of heat-tolerant rice varieties.
Abstract:Leaf trichome plays an important role in protecting plants against insect herbivores, loss of water through transpiration and UV irradiation. In our present study, SSSL-W24, a single segment substitution line (SSSL) containing only one chromosome segment of the glabrous japonica cultivar Star bonnet 99 in the genetic background of the pubescent indica cultivar HJX74 showed glabrous leaves and hulls. Genetic analysis of the F2 generation, derived from a cross between SSSL-W24 and HJX74, showed that these traits are controlled by the recessive gene gl-1, which was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 5. Fine mapping and high-resolution linkage analysis using 1585 F3 plants and markers ?anking gl-1 were carried out, and the gene was localized to a 35.9 kb region that contains seven annotated genes according to the genome sequence of japonica Nipponbare. Positional cloning of this gene will assist selection of hybrid rice, facilitate the mechanization of agriculture and increase the warehousing capacity of rice.
TO cite this article:ZENG Ruizhen,LIU Ziqiang. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of gl-1, a gene controlling trichome formation in rice[OL].[24 December 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4577925
Abstract:Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is not only important for exploiting heterosis in crop plants, but also as a model for investigating nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction. CMS may be caused by mutations, rearrangement, or recombination in the mitochondrial genome. With the use of the next-generation sequencing technology, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of hau CMS line and its maintainer line in B. juneca. The result showed that B. juncea hau CMS mitochondrial genome was assembled into a single, circular-mapping molecule with a size of 247,903 bp with 45.08% GC content. The genome contains 35 proteins, 3 rRNAs, 25 tRNA genes and 29 ORFs of unknown function in addition to the CMS associated gene orf288. The sizes of the maintainer line and another normal type line "J163-4" are both 219,863 bp and the GC content is 45.23%. The maintainer line contains 36 proteins, 3 rRNAs, and 22 tRNA genes and 31 unidentified ORFs. After the comparative analysis the hau CMS line and its maintainer line, specific markers were developed based on their unique ORFs. These can be used as an effective markers to separate the hau CMS line from its maintainer line at the seedling stage. We also confirmed that substoichiometrically different mitotypes coexist in hau CMS lines and its maintainer lines in B. juncea. The number of repeats larger than 100bp in the hau CMS line (16 repeats) are almost twice those of the maintainer line (9 repeats). The 5' region of the chimeric gene orf288 is highly similar to nad5, and the 3' region is also similar to another predicted mitochondrial ORF-orf293 in B. juncea. Phylogenetic analysis of the CMS-associated gene orf288 and four other homologous sequences in Brassicaceae showed that orf288 bore strong similarity to orf263 in Brassica tournefortii, but they still differed from one another. The hau CMS mitochondrial genome was highly rearranged when compared with its iso-nuclear maintainer line mitochondrial genome as the other CMS lines in different crops. The gene orf288 was composed of part nad5, orf293 and an unknown origin in the 5' region as orf263 reported in Brassica tournefortii. It may help us identify the mechanism for natural CMS in B. juncea, and compared with the sequenced mitochondrial genomes in Brassicas, uncover the origin of the hau CMS mitotype and structural and evolutionary differences between different mitotypes.
TO cite this article:Heng Shuangping,Wei Chao,Jing Bing, et al. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes between the hau cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line and its iso-nuclear maintainer line in Brassica juncea to reveal the origin of the CMS-associated gene orf288[J].
Abstract:The phenomenon of female sterility on all male-sterile plants was observed in a genic male-sterile (GMS) Brassica napus line designated as FM195AB (A represents sterile plants and B refers to its wild type ones). For the purpose of clarifying the causal mechanism of this female sterility, we contrastively studied the morphological characteristics of reproductive structures and procedures involved in seed formation between FM195A and FM195B. First, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations on stigma papilla cells showed no apparent difference between the fertile and sterile plants. Second, alien pollen grains can normally germinate and pollen tubes can enter the stigma papilla cells of both FM195A and FM195B; however, pollen tubes in FM195A pistils appear morphologically abnormal in comparison with FM195B, even if they can normally elongate and reach the ovules. Furtther observations of the paraffin-sectioned pistils revealed that early magasporogenesis in FM195A is similar to that of FM195B; however, mono-nucleate and the subsequent developmental stages of the female gametophytes can hardly seen in the ovules of FM195A, suggesting. Approximately at the eight-nucleate embryo sac stage in FM195B, five major types of the abnormal embryo sacs in FM195A can be observed. Similarly, we found that microsporogenesis in FM195A is also stopped before the entrance of meiosis. Because both of the male and female sterility occur at the same plant, it can be assumped that the male sterility gene, Ms, may play an important role in prompting the transition from maintaince of the spore mother cells into meiosis.
TO cite this article:Han Xue,Hong Dengfeng,Yang Guangsheng. The arrest of megagametophyte development results in the female sterility of a dominant genic male-sterile line in Brassica napus[OL].[ 4 January 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4509274
Abstract:Silique is the most important photosynthetic organ in the later period of rapeseed growth. Silique length (SL), number of seeds per silique (SN) and thousand seed weight (TSW) are known as direct or indirect factors influencing seed yield in Brassica napus. One hundred and eighty-one double haploid (DH) lines derived from two lines with distinct silique traits were employed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SL, SN and TSW in B. napus. Field data from three environments were collected for correlation analysis and QTL mapping for SL, SN and TSW. The broad-sense heritability of SL, SN and TSW was 95.24%, 67.24% and 91.01%, respectively, suggesting that genetic variance played a leading role in total variations for SL and TSW. 37 consensus QTL and 31 unique QTL were identified by two-round meta-analysis. Among the 37 consensus QTL, two, two, four QTL detected on A9, A9 and A1 linkage group had effects on SL, TSW and SN. It could explain more than16.22-64.36% of trait variation. In addition, two, two, and three pairs of additive by additive (AA) interactions with small effects were detected for SL, SN and TSW, respectively. Our results will provide a basis for map-based cloning of QTL affecting silique traits and marker-assistant selection (MAS) in breeding of new rapeseed variety exhibiting higher seed yield.
Abstract:In this paper, a Tourist-like MITE BnTst-1 was identified in Brassica A and C genome. The BnTst-1 copy number and its distribution in different chromosomes in the genome of three Brassica species were investigated. The sequence variation of BnTst-1 and the TIR and TSD were compared among two Brassica species. The amplification profile diversity caused by BnTst-1 activity intra- and inter- species were confirmed experimentally. DNA methylation level of the BnTst-1 and its flanking sequences, together with EMSA experiments showed that this MITE may play regulation role in gene expression and genome evolution in Brassicaea.
TO cite this article:Hou Jinna,Long Yan. BnTst-1, A Tourist-like MITE transposon closely associated with genes and may play important roles in gene expression and species evolution in Brassica species[OL].[15 November 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4495960
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