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1. Response of soil erosion processes and sediment sorting on steep rocky slope | |||
HAN Zhen,WANG Xiaoyan,SONG Dandan,LI Xinxin | |||
Agronomy 08 May 2017 | |||
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Abstract:Purpose: This study aimed to (1) observe the effects of rock fragment content on slope erosion processes and eroded sediment selectivity; (2) acquire the effective and ultimate particle size distributions (PSDs) of sediments from slope erosion; and (3) elucidate the influencing factors and characteristics of eroded sediment particles. Materials and methods: The test soil used in this study was collected from Beibei, Xiema in Chongqing, China. We collected six separate soil samples with 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% rock fragments. The experiment were conducted on two parallel 5 m × 1 m × 0.4 m troughs. The rainfall simulation experiments were performed in the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming in the Loess Plateau. After rainfall, we measured the sediment PSDs using MasterSizer 2000. The PSD data obtained after the sediment was fully dispersed into primary particles labeled the ultimate PSD; whereas those obtained without any dispersion treatment was labeled the effective PSD. Results and discussion: Results revealed that eroded sediment selectivity was represented by clay enrichment. The effective/ultimate ratio of the clay-sized sediments was <1, and this ratio increased as rock fragment contents increased. Silt-sized particles were transported mainly as primary particles because the effective/ultimate ratios of silt-sized particles were closer to 1 than other ratios. The enrichment ratios of sand-sized particles decreased from 0.79 to 0.55 as rock fragment contents increased. The effective/ultimate ratios of sand-sized particles were >1, and this finding suggested that most sand particles, especially those with low rock fragment contents, eroded as aggregates. Clay-, silt-, and sand-sized sediment aggregates were significantly correlated with sediment yield, rock fragment content, and runoff yield strength. Conclusions: The results showed that the runoff coefficient consistently increased as rock fragment contents increased. The soil loss ratio (SLR) and the erosion rate reduced as rock fragment content increased. The relationship between SLR and rock fragment content can be described well in terms of quadratic function. The silt-sized particles were transported mainly as primary particles. The clay-, silt-, and sand-sized sediment aggregates were significantly correlated with rock fragment content. | |||
TO cite this article:HAN Zhen,WANG Xiaoyan,SONG Dandan, et al. Response of soil erosion processes and sediment sorting on steep rocky slope[OL].[ 8 May 2017] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4732154 |
2. Experiment on influencing factors of cutting performance of cotton stalk cutting blade | |||
Song Zhanhua,Gao Tianhao,Li Yudao,Yan Yinfa,Li Fade | |||
Agronomy 30 May 2016 | |||
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Abstract:In order to study the cutting performance and optimize the working parameters of cotton stalk cutting blade thus providing technical support for designing the cotton stalk cutter and harvesting equipment, using the harvesting and ripe cotton stalks as experimental material, the cutting test was performed in the microcomputer control electronic universal testing machine for different cutting blades with a self-made cutting device. An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of thickness of blade, blade angles, clamping angles, gap and the blade form combination of moving and stationary blade on the unit cutting force and the unit area cutting power of cotton stalk. The response surface analysis method was used to optimize the working parameters of the cutting blade. Through the test, the optimal combination of the cotton stalk cutting blade was achieved, it was that the form of moving and stationary blade was all sawtooth, the gap between the moving and the stationary blade was 0.32 mm, the thickness of the blade was 6.02 mm, the clamping angle was 47.04 and the blade angle was 28.05 . Under this condition, the unit cutting force of cotton stalk and the unit area cutting power of cotton stalk were the minimum, they were 4.8 N/mm2 and 57.4 kJ/m2 respectively. In application, the ultimate optimal combination of the cotton stalk cutting blade was that the form of moving and stationary blade was all sawtooth, the gap between the moving and the stationary knife was 0.3 mm, the thickness of the blade was 6 mm, the clamping angle was 47 and the blade angle was 28 . Under this condition, the unit cutting force of cotton stalk was 4.9 N/mm2 and the unit area cutting power of cotton stalk was 56.6 kJ/m2. This showed that the optimization result of the response surface analysis method was reliable and scientific. | |||
TO cite this article:Song Zhanhua,Gao Tianhao,Li Yudao, et al. Experiment on influencing factors of cutting performance of cotton stalk cutting blade[OL].[30 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4689120 |
3. A portable system for rapid detection of heavy metal ions in soil | |||
Wang Hui,Zhao Guo,Wang Zhiqiang,Liu Gang | |||
Agronomy 20 May 2016 | |||
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Abstract:In this paper, a portable system based on electrochemical theory, ultrasonic extraction and microelectronic technology for rapid detection of heavy metal ions in soil was designed and manufactured. This system mainly combined with three parts. The heavy metal ions in soil were extracted by the ultrasonic-assistant extraction. The detection instrument is made up of the PC software and hardware circuit, which the major function was sending commands and parameters to the hardware, receiving the data, and analysis and quantitative calculation. Traditional three-electrode system, a Bi/GCE as working electrode, a Ag/AgCl electrode as reference electrode and a platinum column as auxiliary electrode, was used, which exhibited a quite good detecting effectiveness by means of electrochemical square wave anodic stripping voltammetry(SWASV). The experimental parameters were optimized. Using this system, the linear range was from 0.5 to 30 μg/L for Cd(II)and 0.5 to 40 μg/L for Pb(II). Finally, The developed system was further applied to the determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in real soil analysis with satisfactory results. | |||
TO cite this article:Wang Hui,Zhao Guo,Wang Zhiqiang, et al. A portable system for rapid detection of heavy metal ions in soil[OL].[20 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4691699 |
4. Measurement and Analysis of Wireless Propagation Combination Model of 433MHz and 2.4GHz in Citrus Orchards Environment | |||
Xu Xing,Cai Kun,Wang Zhenjie | |||
Agronomy 03 May 2016 | |||
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Abstract:Wireless Sensor network (WSN) has great advantage of monitoring agriculture environment, but there is difference propagation characteristic in various agriculture productions such as radio propagation path, landform, and climate. Recent researches are usually limited in specific environment, so the wireless channel model that give sufficient consideration to various propagation circumstance need to be studied to improve wireless signal transmission efficiency. In this paper, CC2530 and CC1110 were selected to measure the propagation characteristic of 2.4GHz and 433MHz frequency. The Two WSN nodes were deployed in the citrus orchard, and the Receiver Signal Strength Index (RSSI) results are recorded under the different measurement circumstance including LOS and NLOS propagation path, flat and slope, sunny day and rainy day. The new path loss combination model is proposed through traditional path loss model and rain attenuation model. Comparing the measured data, the coefficients of determination of new model are bigger than 0.9263. New wireless propagation models in citrus orchards could be used to guidance the deployment and transmission of plant information, improve the monitoring efficiency of orchard planting. | |||
TO cite this article:Xu Xing,Cai Kun,Wang Zhenjie. Measurement and Analysis of Wireless Propagation Combination Model of 433MHz and 2.4GHz in Citrus Orchards Environment[OL].[ 3 May 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4686049 |
5. Maize Seed Embryo and Position Inspection Based on Image Processing | |||
Wang Yingbiao,ZHAO Xueguan,XU Liming,HOU Xingjie | |||
Agronomy 23 July 2013 | |||
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Abstract:Orientational planting cannot only make maize leaf growing consistently, but also improve the leaf photosynthetic capacity of per unit area and yield of maize. The "tip" direction was detected and the angle of deflection was measured by using contour curvature analysis method of maize seed, the S component of HSV space was preprocessed by Otsu method, the automatic extracting maize seeds embryo and orientation information have been realized through image color space conversion, segmentation, preprocessing, and its contour characteristic analysis. A rectangular region ROI in the image was defined and counts up pixels within the region, the region-specific positive and negative ROI pixels were compared by TM threshold and the embryo side towards was identified. The Zheng-dan958, Jun-dan20 and Zhong-ke11, and repeat three times by using the above methods. The results showed that the average accuracy of embryo inspection was more than 95%; the direction average angle was 2.2 . | |||
TO cite this article:Wang Yingbiao,ZHAO Xueguan,XU Liming, et al. Maize Seed Embryo and Position Inspection Based on Image Processing[OL].[23 July 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4552973 |
6. Recognition of Mouldy Chestnuts Based on Canny Operator | |||
WANG Chenglong,Li Xiaoyu,WANG Wei,LIU Jie,LI Peng,TAO Hailong | |||
Agronomy 03 November 2012 | |||
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Abstract:As the mouldy chestnuts greatly affect the overall quality of chestnuts, a fast, accurate and non-destructive method for sorting chestnuts is seriously demanded. This paper discusses the application of near-infrared spectroscopy in chestnut grading. What's the difference is a method, converting the near-infrared spectroscopy (1D) to gray image (2D), was presented. Tests showed that the method is accuracy and fast for detection of the mouldy chestnuts by using image processing algorithm. Firstly, the one-dimensional near-infrared spectral data of the sample was changed into a two-dimensional gray image. Then by applying Canny operator, binary images were gained through extracting the edges of the gray image. Finally, by comparing the area of the boundaries, the mouldy chestnuts were distinguished from the normal. Based on a large number of tests, the threshold is 420 (pixel). If the area is lager or equal to 420 (pixel), the chestnut is determined to be normal. Otherwise, the chestnut is mouldy. The recognition rate of the moldy and normal chestnuts are respectively 91.21% and 98.67%, however, which need only 70ms for each sample to complete the detection. The method uses image processing algorithm into the near-infrared spectroscopy processing to improve the processing speed, which provides a new idea for the near-infrared on-line detection. | |||
TO cite this article:WANG Chenglong,Li Xiaoyu,WANG Wei, et al. Recognition of Mouldy Chestnuts Based on Canny Operator[OL].[ 3 November 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4494092 |
7. Structural optimal design of grape rain shed | |||
Wang Jian,Yang Hongbing,Guo Shirong | |||
Agronomy 02 November 2011 | |||
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Abstract:Three different structural types model of grape rain shed are established based on PKPM-GSCAD software, and their displacement and maximal stress are compared when wind speed is 20 meters per second. Simulation shows that the wind load performance of model 2 is better than model 1. The horizontal displacement maximal value of model 1 is 1962mm when wind velocity is 20 meters per second. The model 3 is constructed by adding ventilation on model 2.It can be seen that the horizontal displacement maximal value of arch is 13.9 mm and the maximal vertical displacement is 77.5 mm, the the horizontal maximal displacement of column is 0.3mm.Simulation results show that the model 3 has stronger wind load performance. | |||
TO cite this article:Wang Jian,Yang Hongbing,Guo Shirong. Structural optimal design of grape rain shed[OL].[ 2 November 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4448229 |
8. Design and Experiment of Rind-pith Separating Equipment for Corn Stalk | |||
WANG Defu | |||
Agronomy 10 August 2011 | |||
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Abstract:For enhancing applied value of corn stalk, a separation equipment is designed. For deciding the parameters of key mechanisms of the equipment, main factors affecting leaf-stripping mechanism and pith-stripping mechanism were researched by valuation indexes of leaf-stripping percentage and pith-stripping percentage. By experiments, the suitable parameters in structure and motion of key mechanisms were obtained. By deciding these key mechanisms, the equipment was designed and experimented in the field, about 95% of leaf-stripping percentage and pith-stripping percentage was obtained. | |||
TO cite this article:WANG Defu. Design and Experiment of Rind-pith Separating Equipment for Corn Stalk[OL].[10 August 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4438272 |
9. Effects of crop residue cover on LAI estimation of wheat canopy by remote sensing | |||
ZHAO Dehua | |||
Agronomy 11 February 2011 | |||
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Abstract:In remote sensing community, a lot of researches have been carried out to reduce noise interferences from soil and thus more accurately predict plant biophysical parameters by developing numerous vegetation indices (VIs). However, few studies were focused on the effect of crop residue cover on Leaf Area Index (LAI) estimation by remote sensing. Based on WinSail model and ground measurements, the objectives of this study were to investigate the variation of residue cover induced by tilling practices, evaluate the effect of this variation on spectra and VIs of wheat canopy, and identify the optimum VIs in decreasing the effect of residue variation on LAI estimation. Results suggested that intensive-tilling and no-tilling practices induced large variation in crop residue covers, with average Relative Residue Cover (RRC, residue cover to whole background) 8.32% and 61.6%, respectively. Because of the difference in brightness between residue and soil, the variation of RRC from 8.32% to 61.6% caused 43.3-to-23.5% and 50.5-to-15.6% Variation Rates in spectral reflectance (VRs) when LAI was lower than 1.0 at red and NIR wavelengths, respectively. Compared with spectral reflectance, some VIs based on Red-NIR bands such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) had significantly better abilities of resisting to residue cover variations. With proper adjustment coefficients, soil-adjusted VIs could further decrease the effect of residue. But the performance of soil-adjusted VIs was greatly influenced by the selection of background lines. Moreover, residue could influence LAI estimation by obscuring effect which can be measured by the percentage of Green Covered by Residue (GCR). At early growth stage of wheat, our measured average GCR between the plots with RRC being below 5% and these with RRC being over 65% was 10.9% which would directly cause the underestimation of LAI by remote sensing. By all the VIs used in this study, including ratio-based, soil-adjusted and hyperspectral VIs, LAI of no-tilling fields with large residue cover would be underestimated, with underestimation extent (Predicted Deviation, PD) ranging from 4.2% to 23.1%. By the selection of VIs and background lines, PD can be greatly decreased. Generally, soil-adjusted VIs with proper background line performed better than ratio-based VIs. Instead of soil line, residue line was more suitable for soil-adjusted VIs in minimizing the effect of residue. Although hyperspectral VIs of Red Edge Inflection Point (REIP) and the first Derivative at the Red Edge (dRE) were not necessarily better in correlating LAI for intensive-tilling fields with low residue cover, both dRE and REIP could decrease the effect of residue when compared with NDVI and RVI. In conclusion, it is important to carry out the research on the effect of residue cover on the estimation of crop parameters at the areas with different tilling practices. The Transformed Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (TSAVI) with proper background line and dRE can greatly minimize the effect of residue on LAI estimation. | |||
TO cite this article:ZHAO Dehua. Effects of crop residue cover on LAI estimation of wheat canopy by remote sensing[OL].[11 February 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4410558 |
10. Farm Information measurement and control by Using Wireless Remote Methods | |||
He Yong,Qiu Zhengjun | |||
Agronomy 14 December 2007 | |||
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Abstract:GSM is one of most important technology in wireless communication system, which contains three main services of short message, speech communication and data communication. Aiming at the feature of farm information acquisition of large quantity information, real-time and working in field, the paper combined the GSM module with farm information acquisition, and advanced a new farm information measurement system using wireless communication technology namely GSM technology. The measurement system became more convenient after GSM technology putting to use. The system includes GPS receiver, moisture sensor, a device which was designed by programming of single chip computer to measure soil moisture and positioning, two GSM wireless communication modules and a computer. The system could realize the function of transmitting the farm information to laboratory in the forms of GSM short message, and solved the problem of limitation of information storage and the inconvenience of carrying a datalogger device to the farmland. | |||
TO cite this article:He Yong,Qiu Zhengjun . Farm Information measurement and control by Using Wireless Remote Methods[OL].[14 December 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/16955 |
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