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	1. Preparation of chitin nano-fiber (DEChN) dispersions mediated by various protonic acid
	Zhiguo Wang,Hui Li,Yimin Fan
	Forestry 24 November 2016
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	Abstract:Partially deacetylated chitin nano-fiber (DAChN) dispersions were prepared through mechanical treatment of partially deacetylated crab shell α-chitin under acid conditions mediated by various protonic acids. The representative organic acids (monovalent acid: acetic acid, polyvalent acid: succinic acid, hydroxyl acid: gluconic acid, vinyl acid: itaconic acid, amino acid: aspartic acid) had a better efficiency on mediating nanofibrillation of chitin fibers than inorganic acid (HCl). The DAChN dispersed in water at pH 3.5 mediated by gluconic acid exhibited the highest yield of nano-fibers (88.6%), followed by succinic, itaconic, and ascorbic acid with nano-fiber yield of 79.9%, 73.3% and 66.0%, respectively. The pH value, conductivity, viscosity and light transmittance of dispersions were assessed under different storage time. All of the tested DAChN dispersions were stable for at least 15 weeks at 4℃.
	TO cite this article:Zhiguo Wang,Hui Li,Yimin Fan. Preparation of chitin nano-fiber (DEChN) dispersions mediated by various protonic acid[OL].[24 November 2016] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4709999


	2. Cellulose Esterification and Its Application to Films
	Zhiguo Wang,Yandan Zhou,Yiqin Yang
	Forestry 09 May 2014
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	Abstract:Homogeneous esterification of cellulose with octanoyl chloride (a long-chain fatty acid) was investigated in lithium chloride/N,N-dimethyl acetamide (LiCl/DMAc) medium. Cellulose was readily esterified by the octanoyl chloride, as shown by NMR analysis. The effects of the ratio of octanoyl chloride to cellulose hydroxyl groups, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time on the yield and degrees of substitution (DS) of cellulose esters (CEs) were investigated. CEs with high DS (2.2) were achieved after 8 h at 100 C with a 1.6 to 1.8 of molar ratio of octanoyl chloride to cellulose hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, hydrophobic, fully transparent CE films and aerogels were prepared using CE tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions. The CE aerogels exhibited high porosity and were formed with evenly distributed porosity, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
	TO cite this article:Zhiguo Wang,Yandan Zhou,Yiqin Yang. Cellulose Esterification and Its Application to Films[OL].[ 9 May 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4596712


	3. Characterization of wood cell wall components by using LiCl/DMSO solvent system
	Zhiguo Wang,Zhulan Liu,Yunfeng Cao
	Forestry 19 March 2013
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	Abstract:The fractionation of wood cell wall components was achieved by the application of the LiCl/DMSO solvent system developed in our previous study. Various soluble and insoluble fractions were prepared from beech milled wood by extractions with DMSO containing different amounts of lithium chloride (LiCl) for the study of lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). Nitrobenzene oxidation (NO) analyses demonstrated that the lignin in the soluble fractions always has lower yields of NO products consisting of syringaldehyde + syringic acid (Sy) and vanillin + vanillic acid (Va). The syringyl ratios, Sy/(Sy+Va), were also lower than in insoluble fractions. Accordingly, lignins with lower syringyl ratios are better soluble than those with higher syringyl ratios. The former is typical in primary wall and the latter in secondary wall. Solubilization of glucan is significantly dependent on the LiCl concentration in DMSO. In the absence of LiCl, only about 6% of glucan was found in the soluble fraction, but about 40% of lignin and xylan were solubilized. The additional 40% of lignin and xylan became soluble together with glucan solubilization increased at 3% LiCl concentration. However, a fraction amounting to 13% (based on the whole wood) is still remained as a residue under these conditions. Glucan solubilization could not be the reason for this observation as ball-milled cellulose is soluble in 3% LiCl/DMSO. Probably, strong interactions between lignin and carbohydrates prevent solubilization of this fraction, that has never been isolated and analyzed in previous studies.
	TO cite this article:Zhiguo Wang,Zhulan Liu,Yunfeng Cao. Characterization of wood cell wall components by using LiCl/DMSO solvent system[OL].[19 March 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4530916


	4. Kinetics and FTIR characteristics of poplar wood pyrolysis process
	WANG Wenliang,REN Xueyong,CHANG Jianmin,GOU Jinsheng,CHE Yanzhe
	Forestry 05 July 2012
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	Abstract:The pyrolysis characteristics of poplar wood residues were investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled to a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (TG-FTIR). The pyrolysis process can be subdivided into four stages at 10 ℃/min varied from 30 to 650℃. A weight loss for drying and preheating the sample is below 180℃ and the onset temperature of initial pyrolysis is in the range of 180~260 ℃. A significant mass loss of 61.4wt.% occurred between 260~380℃ and it is followed by a slow and continuous mass change with lignin devolatilization. The analysis of kinetic reactions showed that the activation energy (78.29 kJomol-1) in low temperature section is much larger than that (6.40 kJomol-1) in high temperature section. The evolved gases formed by thermal degradation of poplar wood were simultaneously analyzed by FTIR. It is observed from the main peaks that the emissions evolved during poplar wood pyrolysis were acetic acid, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, water, some volatile compounds of esters, alcohols and aldehydes. The emissions gradually increased with the increasing temperature before a strong peak around 360℃ and then decreased. Most gasous products were emitted in 320~380℃, while CO2 was continuously emitted from a wide range of 140~550℃.
	TO cite this article:WANG Wenliang,REN Xueyong,CHANG Jianmin, et al. Kinetics and FTIR characteristics of poplar wood pyrolysis process[OL].[ 5 July 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4483870


	5. Synthesis of mesoporous ZnO by direct precipitation with Lignin-phosphate quaternary ammonium salt
	Yuanru Guo,Fangdan Yu,Qingjiang Pan,Guizhen Fang
	Forestry 08 January 2012
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	Abstract:In this paper，Mesoporous-ZnO crystals were prepared in aqueous solutions with Lignin-based surfactant(Lignin-phosphate quaternary ammonium salt，LPAS) by one step. X-ray diffraction(XRD) studies show that fine hexagonal wurtzite ZnO particles can be obtained with diameter of 20-40nm. SEM studies reveal that different concentrations of LPAS can affect the Morphology of ZnO. The ball particles can be obtained by low concentration of LPAS. TEM give the evidence that mosopores are found in ZnO crystals and with the average pore size of 36nm according to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurement.
	TO cite this article:Yuanru Guo,Fangdan Yu,Qingjiang Pan, et al. Synthesis of mesoporous ZnO by direct precipitation with Lignin-phosphate quaternary ammonium salt[OL].[ 8 January 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4460560


	6. In vitro fermentation characterization of low concentration of xylooligosaccharides prepared from corncob xylan by Bifidobacterium adolescentis
	Zhang Junhua,Zhang XiaoPing,Yong Qiang ,Xu Yong ,Yu Shiyuan
	Forestry 15 January 2009
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	Abstract:In vitro fermentation characterization of low concentration of XOS by Bifidobacterium adolescentis was investigated. Cell growth, decrease in pH value and formation of organic acids were presented when XOS, glucose and arabinose were used as the sole carbon source respectively. The maximal biomasses were 0.43, 0.52 and 0.16 g L-1 when B. adolescentis fermented on 3 g L-1 XOS, glucose and arabinose respectively. It was deduced that XOS had better proliferation capability of B. adolescentis than arabinose, but less than glucose. When XOS were fermentated by B. adolescentis, X2 and X3 decreased rapidly and the pH value of the medium dropped rapidly after 18 h of fermentation due to the production of organic acids. Lactic and acetic acids were the main metabolites. Our result confirmed that low concentration XOS also had good prebiotic effects including proliferation capability of B. adolescentis and acidification ability to culture media.
	TO cite this article:Zhang Junhua,Zhang XiaoPing,Yong Qiang , et al. In vitro fermentation characterization of low concentration of xylooligosaccharides prepared from corncob xylan by Bifidobacterium adolescentis[OL].[15 January 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/27910

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