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Sponsored by the Center for Science and Technology Development of the Ministry of Education
Supervised by Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
Flux quantum corresponds to wave vector of the superconducting carrier electrons, which should be deep electrons of surface states. We provide a microscopic explanation to superconducting and normal persistent currents. The generation of persistent carrier electron does not dissipate energy; instead there would be emission of real phonons and release of corresponding energy into the environment; but the normal carrier electrons involved still dissipate energy. There should be a build-up of energy of the middle state C and a build-up of the probability of virtual transition of electrons to the middle state, and the corresponding relaxation should accordingly exist.
Keywords:superconductivity physics; flux quantum; superconducting and normal persistent currents