Grooming facilitate male-male bonds in Tibetan macaques Macaca thibetana

XIA Dongpo; LI Jinhua; Paul A. Garber; Megan D. Matheson; SUN Lixing; SUN Binghua; ZHU Yong

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Grooming facilitate male-male bonds in Tibetan macaques Macaca thibetana

XIA Dongpo 1,LI Jinhua 1 * #,Paul A. Garber 2,Megan D. Matheson 3,SUN Lixing 4,SUN Binghua 5,ZHU Yong 1

1.School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University & Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Bio-technique

2. School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University

3.Anthropology Department, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois

4.Department of Psychology, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA

5.Department of Biology, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA

*Correspondence author

#Submitted by

Subject:

Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.No. 3097041）, Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education （No.200803570005）, Talent Development Fund of Anhui Province, Program of University Innovation Team of Anhui Province （No.TD200703)）, The International Science &Technology Cooperation Plan of Anhui Province （No.10080703034）

Opened online:29 January 2012

Accepted by: none

Citation: XIA Dongpo,LI Jinhua,Paul A. Garber.Grooming facilitate male-male bonds in Tibetan macaques Macaca thibetana[OL]. [29 January 2012] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4462708

In several primate species adult males are reported to form affiliative, and cohesive social bonds and act jointly in mate and group defense. Biological market theory offers a model to examine the costs and benefits to individual group members of trading services and commodities. The model proposes that grooming can be used as agonistic buffer, and either serves to cement social bonds by reciprocal trade or interchange equivalent social service. However, little is known about the function of grooming on maintaining male-male bonds. In this study, we used focal animal sampling and continuously recorded dyadic grooming and agonistic interactions among male Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) in a free-ranging group at Huangshan, China, to test hypotheses focused on grooming and aggression. The results showed that grooming reciprocity occurred principally between individuals of adjacent rank, however, male Tibetan macaques preferred to groom up the hierarchy (lower-ranking individuals groomed higher-ranking individuals more than vice versa). Our results also showed that grooming received decreased the amount of aggression given in dyadic interaction when high-ranking males directed aggression, but not middle-ranking and low-ranking males. This study suggests that male Tibetan macaques respond flexibly to different social classes, employing either grooming exchange or interchange depending on their rank relationship with another male. It provides new insight into the behavioral strategies that facilitate male-male relationships in non-human primates.

Keywords:Zoology; Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana); Male-male bonds; Grooming; aggression; Biological market theory

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