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November 15,2011
Volume 4,Issue 21
Pages -
Subject Area:Fishery Biology,Basic Subject of Aquatic Science,Hydrology,Geophysical Fluid Dynamics,Hydrogeology (including Radioactive Hydrogeology),Human Geography (including Regional Grography, Tourism Geography, other Subjects),Geography,Cartography,Experimental Geology, Engineering Geology

Title: Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from the salt-tolerant eelgrass species Zostera marina

Authors: KONG Fanna, LIU Limin, MAO Yunxiang
PP: 2013-2021
Abstract: To investigate salt-tolerant mechanism and discover salt-tolerant genes of Zostera marina, a cDNA library was constructed in which single-pass 5′ sequencing of 4 081 clones yielded 4 002 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs). These ESTs were assembled into 241 contigs and 1 673 singletons, representing 1 914 unigenes. Average length of these ESTs was 582 bp, ranging from 100 bp to 1 500 bp. BLASX analysis revealed that 1 664 unigenes had significant homology to known genes against the NCBI nr database (E value≤10-5). Among them, the two most abundant genes encoded metallothionein (157 ESTs) and chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (38 ESTs), which accounted for 7.1% and 1.7% of total ESTs, respectively. Compared to the Clusters of orthologous groups (COG) categories, 499 unigenes were annotated (E value≤10-10). Using the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), 1 462 of the 1914 unigenes were assigned into 161 pathways (E value≤10-5). For gene ontology (GO) hierarchy analysis, a total of 938 unigenes were assigned GO terms. For InterProScan searches, 1 003 InterPro families were recognized. Results of this study will contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanism of saline tolerance in Z. marina.
Keywords: aquaculture biology; Zostera marina; cDNA library; expressed sequence tags; salt-tolerant gene

Title: Differential proteomic approach for Edwardsiella tarda in response to fish plasma

Authors: XU Wenjiao, LI Hui
PP: 2007-2012
Abstract: In the present study, equal amount bacteria were incubated with different volumes of fish plasma and then bacterial proteins were extracted for 2-DE-based proteomics. Upregulation of YihK and GpmA were detected. The finding is helpful in clarification of molecular mechanism of Edwardsiella tarda in response to fish plasma.
Keywords: aquaculture biology; Edwardsiella tarda; proteomics; plasma

Title: Application of Copulas to bivariate flood frequency analysis

Authors: LV Yanjun, LU Baohong, ZHANG Hanwen, JIANG Shuting, HUI Xiaojuan
PP: 2000-2006
Abstract: Bivariate joint distributions of flood peak with the flood volume of 15 d and 30 d were derived based on Gumbel-Hougaard and Clayton Copula functions. The fitnesses of the derived distribution and empirical distribution were compared using the observed data in Hongshui River basin. The results show that the Copula-constructed joint distribution functions can fit the observed data well. A major advantage of the Copula method is that marginal distributions of individual hydrological variables can be of any form and the variables can be correlated, thus Copula method has a wide application prospect in multivariable hydrological frequency analysis.
Keywords: hydrology; flood frequency analysis; Archimedean Copula function; theoretical joint distribution; empirical joint distribution

Title: Effects of different objective functions on the performance of HEC-HMS model

Authors: HAN Jiwei, KONG Fanzhe, SONG Xiaomeng, ZHAO Lei
PP: 1994-1999
Abstract: Taking the hydrologic engineering center hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) as an example, this paper used the parameter optimization model in the HEC-HMS model and chose five objective functions, such as peak-weighted root mean square error (PRMSE), sum of squared residuals (SSR), sum of absolute residuals (SAR), percent error in peak flow (PEPF) and percent error in volume (PEV), to calibrate and simulate the hydrological processes. The results showed that the objective functions based on the PRMSE, SSR and SAR had a highlighted effect on the entire hydrological processes while the PEPF and PEV put more emphasis on the error of peak flow and volume respectively. And also the simulation results based on the objective function of SSR are best goodness-of-fit for all the events.
Keywords: hydrology; hydrologic engineering center hydrologic modeling system; objective function; parameter optimization; goodness-of-fit

Title: A lumped mass finite volume method for solving the unsaturated flow problems in heterogeneous porous media

Authors: HE Xinguang, REN Li
PP: 1985-1993
Abstract: In this paper a lumped mass finite volume method (LMFVM) is presented for effectively solving the unsaturated flow problems in heterogeneous porous media based on the modified Picard iteration scheme. The method satisfies the local mass conservation property. At the same time, a multigrid algorithm with matrix-dependent prolongations and restrictions, which is adapted to the finite volume discrete scheme of the unsaturated flow problems in heterogeneous porous media, is constructed to overcome the difficulties when traditional relaxation methods are used to treat the fully discrete scheme at each time step, and a fast solution is obtained. Numerical experiments are carried out for the unsaturated flow equation with randomly generated lognormal hydraulic parameters to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the developed method. The numerical results show that the LMFVM provides considerably higher level of accuracy and smaller error of global mass balance than does the lumped mass finite element method (LMFEM) only with the global mass conservation property.
Keywords: hydrology; unsaturated water flow; heterogeneous porous media; Richards' equation; finite volume method; lumped mass

Title: Automatic processing of groundwater quality test data

Authors: LI Guoqing, MA Fengshan, MENG Zhaoping
PP: 1976-1984
Abstract: Groundwater quality analysis is often used to identify the origin of gushing water in a pit. The processing of groundwater quality test data is a tedious task but currently little computer software can perform it well. The application method of field in Office-Word and the principle of the component object module (COM) were presented in this paper. Based on the field function and COM of Word, a program for Kurlov\\\'s editing and hydrochemistry type identification was coded with C# programming language in the .NET platform. With a clear design frame and a convenient operation flow, this program performed well in the identification of the gushing water origin in a pit.
Keywords: hydrogeology; groundwater quality analysis; component object module; field; Kurlov\\\'s (KypmoBa) formula; water type

Title: Analysis on industrial structure of Jiangsu, Guangdong and Zhejiang province by shift share analysis

Authors: SHAO Xiaoting, LIN Xiongbin
PP: 1966-1975
Abstract: This paper uses the shift share method to do empirical research on the industrial structure of Jiangsu, Guangdong and Zhejiang province. According to the national growth share of all sectors, change share of industrial structure, regional competitive edge share reflected by the Statistical Yearbook of the various provinces and China Statistical Yearbook data, the different situations of the three elements are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the industrial structure of the three provinces are derived. According to the industrial development status and development conditions of each province, recommendations for the development are proposed.
Keywords: geography; industrial structure; shift share analysis; competitive edge

Title: Estimation and analysis of air-sea interface heat fluxes during tropical cyclone “Lingling”

Authors: LIU Guangping, HU Jianyu, HE Weihong
PP: 1960-1965
Abstract: Based on the remote sensing data combined with reanalysis data, and the COARE 3.0 algorithm, the air-sea interface heat fluxes were estimated and analyzed during the 2001 tropical cyclone “Lingling”. The results show that the air-sea interface heat flux is mainly the latent heat flux during tropical cyclones; the heat flux is more influenced by the sea surface temperature (SST) in the warm eddy and cold eddy regions, especially the sensible heat flux. The existence of the warm eddy, resulting in the increase of heat flux, especially the sensible heat flux, providing a large number of heat energy to tropical cyclone, will be conducive to the development and maintenance of tropical cyclones. The existence of the cold eddy, reduces the heat flux, particularly the sensible heat flux decreases significantly. In the near ocean surface, the ocean releases latent heat, while the atmosphere mainly absorbs latent heat. In the upper troposphere, the atmosphere mainly releases latent heat.
Keywords: marine science; tropical cyclone; sensible heat fluxes; latent heat fluxes

Title: Near-space vehicle-borne passive bistatic SAR conceptual system design and analysis

Authors: WANG Wenqin
PP: 1954-1959
Abstract: Inspired by the advantages of near-space vehicles as a compare to satellites and airplanes including the wide coverage and long operation time like satellite and fast response like airplanes, this paper proposes the near-space vehicle-borne passive bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging approach. Using spaceborne illustrator as the transmitter, the corresponding passive bistatic SAR operation mode, imaged scene and system parameters are investigated, along with extensive design examples. One planar multibeam forming on receive-based approach is further proposed to resolve the problem of limited imaging scene. It shows that this approach can significantly extend the imaged scene.
Keywords: other subjects of geoscience; near-space vehicle; synthetic aperture radar; passive radar; bistatic synthetic aperture radar; near-space

Title: Research on relief amplitude in urban area based on urban digital elevation model: a case study of Nanjing old city

Authors: YANG Xin, HE Wenhui, GE Shanshan
PP: 1946-1953
Abstract: Drawing on the idea of city district in urban planning and management, city blocks are considered as the basic statistics and analysis unit. Firstly statistic indicator, such as the max height, mean height and the standard deviation of height in each block are derived to reflect the undulation characters of urban material morphology. Then three quantified indicator such as otherness, expansibility and amplitude are proposed for exploring the morphology variation both within and outside city blocks. All of six indicators form a whole description to relief amplitude of 3d-urban morphology. The experiment results show that the surface height of Nanjing old city shows a macro trend of low around and high in the middle. And it can be described in detail as “two cores, a linear uplift and other three zones”. Moreover, the analysis of correlation indicates that the six quantified parameters have no correlation with block area and block number. The indicators of max height, the standard deviation of height and amplitude have a strong correlation and can be substituted for each other when city located in completely flat area.
Keywords: geography; urban digital elevation model; city block; relief amplitude; Nanjing old city

Title: Identifying travel mode from GPS trajectories through fuzzy pattern recognition

Authors: XU Chao, JI Minhe, CHEN Wen
PP: 1938-1945
Abstract: This paper proposed and tested a fuzzy approach to travel mode recognition from the global positioning system (GPS) travel data collected from 32 volunteers for 142 days in Shanghai. Four speed-related fuzzy variables were selected to characterize five movement patterns (walk, bike, bus, rail, and rest) in the urban daily traffic. Fuzzy sets and membership functions were constructed for the patterns using self-reported sample data. A procedure of data cleaning and trip segmentation was performed to divide GPS trajectories into mode stages. The final step involved determining the travel mode of each mode stage through a min-max fuzzy operation. Evaluation results indicated that the approach handled the data uncertainty and vagueness rather well. The got recognition accuracy is 92.0%（Kappa=0.862）. It properly incorporated partial information from the fuzzy variables into the mode recognition process for accuracy enhancement.
Keywords: geography; fuzzy reasoning; global positioning system trajectory; household travel survey; travel mode

Title: Research on spatial disparities of residence prices based on geostatistical analysis: a case study of Lanzhou city

Authors: CHEN Qiang, LI Ding, YU Lin, WANG Shenglan, YE Xiaomei
PP: 1931-1937
Abstract: The trend analysis method in geostatistics is presented for the analysis of the spatial variation trend of the residence prices in Lanzhou city. Ordinary Kriging method is adopted to estimate local character of the residence prices, and the spatial distribution thematic map, the interpolation map and the contour map on the residence prices are drawn by ArcGIS software. According to the maps, the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial disparities of residence prices in Lanzhou city and its causes of formation are explored. The results show that the residence price has some interesting relationship with the development of the city itself; the most striking feature of residence price in Lanzhou is that the overall distribution of residence prices likes a ribbon and shows a series of circle layers in parts of city. The high value of price lies in centre and sub-centre in Lanzhou. There are obvious differences in different zones. The main roads of the city have a significant impact on residence prices. Business intensive areas and technology culture intensive areas have a significant agglomeration effect on residence prices.
Keywords: geography; residence prices; geostatistical analysis; spatial variation; Lanzhou city

Title: Research of rock seismic CT in hydropower engineering

Authors: LI Ling, ZHOU Zhonghua, ZHENG Long
PP: 1924-1930
Abstract: Based on the imaging theory of seismic computer tomography (CT), combined with measured data on cross-adit seismic wave penetration of abutment rock mass in a hydropower station, seismic wave velocity tomography processing was made on abutment rock mass. In order to realize the quick ray trace, the method of ellipse restriction was used. The algorithm of simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique to reconstruct the variation of seismic velocity between the adit was also used. It revealed in detail the geological characteristics, structure and spatial distribution status of abutment rock mass. It analyzed and interpreted in an integrated manner by contrasting geological data and some results were achieved. The results show that the technique of seismic CT comparing with conventional rock velocity test has unparalleled superiority in rock test of hydropower engineering, and this is the development trends of rock elastic wave velocity test in hydropower engineering.
Keywords: exploration geophysics; seismic computer tomography; imaging method; hydropower engineering; abutment rock mass

Title: Analysis of time and space relationship between typhoon‘Rananim’ and slope geological hazard

Authors: ZHAO Qihua, HAN Jun, CHEN Guangping, XUE Yuan
PP: 1917-1923
Abstract: Based on geographic information system (GIS), this paper is elaborated in time and space relevance, and it is mainly carried out according to two aspects, that are the typhoon NO. 0414 ‘Rananim’ and the slope geological hazard induced by it in Wenzhou. From the comparative analysis of time when the geological hazard happened, the typhoon landed and exited, and that of strong breeze and heavy rainfall lasted, it can be discovered that they are basically identical. Through the statistic and comparative analysis of the distribution of hazard points, it can be discovered that they center on Leqing and Yongjia in the north Wenzhou, which is identical with the path of typhoon, ten grade wind circle and the strong winds distribution. In addition, it is in line with the heavy rainfall distribution and center site of storm for the duration of typhoon as well. The research indicates that the strong breeze and heavy rainfall of ‘Rananim’ are the leading factors of the geological hazard, because they are closely related to the occurrence of the slope geological hazard, and they both keep identical in time and space. It lays the foundation for the further study of the prevention, prediction and evaluation of the slope geological hazard caused by typhoon.
Keywords: geological engineering; time and space relationship; geographic information system; slope geological hazard

Title: Review of urban snow disaster in Japan

Authors: YAN Li, ZHANG Jiquan, TONG Zhijun, LIU Xingpeng
PP: 1908-1916
Abstract: The irregular occurrence of urban snow disaster in recent years has caused great damages to our city facilities. Based on the analysis of disaster-causing factors, hazard-bearing body and regional disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, from both domestic and international perspectives, this paper summarizes the advances in urban snow disaster research in both Japan and China at the present stage and points out problems in these researches. Several pieces of advice are discussed, which suggest that our country should learn the advantages of Japan in urban snow disaster evaluation method and emergency management model.
Keywords: geography; urban snow disaster; reviews; disaster-causing factors; hazard-bearing body; disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities

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