Current Issue

Previous Issue | Next Issue

September 15,2013
Volume 6,Issue 17
Pages -
Subject Area:Ecology,Botany,Biotechnology

Title: Effect of different endurance exercise amount on myosin heavy chain of rabbit rectus femoris

Authors: JI Wei, GAO Weiwei
PP: 1691-1698
Abstract: Objective: The study was aimed at discussing the rule of different endurance exercise amount on myosin heavy chain (MHC) of rabbit rectus femoris. Methods: 45 adult female New Zealand rabbits according to different endurance exercise amount were randomly divided into G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 group. Left legs were applied endurance exercise as the experimental side. Right legs were served as the control side. After finished the corresponding amount of endurance exercise, the rabbits were killed by using pentobarbital sodium over-dose, the rectus femoris muscles were sampled, protein content was tested by BCA method and MHC composition was assessed by using SDS-PAGE procedures. The pictures of MHC isoforms were analysed by Image J software. The statistical data were analysed by SAS 6.1.2 and the level of significance was for P<0.05. Results and Conclusion: These results demonstrate that under specific exercise intensity, with the increase in exercise amount, at first the major change is MHC IIb→MHC IIa, then the major change becomes MHC IIa→MHC I.
Keywords: sports science of human body; myosin heavy chain; endurance exercise; exercise amount; transformation

Title: Function of muscle-derived IL-6 on insulin resistance

Authors: LEI Yu, WANG Ping, TIAN Li, XING Zhenchao, WEN Bing
PP: 1684-1690
Abstract: Objective: To study the role of muscle-derived IL-6 in insulin resistance occurence. Methods: The contrast experiments between normal diet and high glucose and fat diet were conducted in rats for 8 weeks. In this process, 8 weeks of treadmill exercise (the running speed was 17 m/min and time was 50 min in the first week, then running speed increased 1 m/min and time increased 5 min progressively every week) and/or injection of IL-6 shRNA vectors (intravenous injection into the rats’ tails on every two Monday, a total of 4 times) were used to intervent. The fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose and liver, abdominal fat, skeletal muscle IL-6 gene expression level and so on were tested. Results: Rats with high glucose and fat diet for 8 weeks have developed insulin resistance. Compared with the control group, fasting insulin and fasting blood glucose of injection of IL-6 shRNA group increased significantly (P<0.05, or P<0.01); liver, abdominal fat, skeletal muscle IL-6 gene expression level of injection of IL-6 shRNA quiet group decreased significantly; injection of IL-6 shRNA exercise group took second place. IL-6 gene expression level of both the high glucose and fat exercise group and the quiet high glucose and fat group was significantly increased; blood glucose of exercise injection of IL-6 shRNA group was significantly higher than that of not injection group (P<0.05, or P<0.01). 8 weeks aerobic exercise could significantly reduce the occurrence rate of insulin resistance in the high glucose and fat diet rats. Conclusion: Muscle-derived IL-6 caused by exercise can inhibit the action of insulin resistance, but not the only factor, which has tissue specificity.
Keywords: sports science of human body; IL-6; exercise; insulin resistance; function

Title: Effects of long time aerobic exercises on the expressions of p70S6K and 4EBP1 in rat cardiac muscle

Authors: LIAO Jingwen, ZENG Fanxing, LI Yi, WU Ying
PP: 1677-1683
Abstract: Objective: In the current study, the changing characteristics of p70S6K and 4EBP1 were focused on after aerobic exercise trainings of long period to explore the influences of long time exercise training on myocardial hypertrophy. Methods: 30 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 7 weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups, 6 for each. The group control and aerobic exercise groups with myocardium being isolated at four different time points after the last exercise training. The training program lasted for 7 weeks with two days break each week. The protein levels of both the total and the phosphorylated forms of p70S6K and 4EBP1 were determined by Western blotting analysis. Results: The total amount of p70S6K and 4EBP1 of exercise training groups almost remains the same level as the control group. The phosphorylated p70S6K (Thr389) and its ratio to total p70S6K in the exercise group raise after the exercise and reach the peak value 12 hours after the last training. The exercise group’s amount of phosphorylated 4EBP1 (Thr37/46) and the ratio of 4EBP1 (Thr37/46)/4EBP1 reach their climax immediately after the last training and then diminish below the basal level. Conclusion: Long time aerobic exercise trainings have induced myocardial hypertrophy. p70S6K and 4EBP1 play important roles in the protein synthesis during the exercise training related to physiological myocardial hypertrophy, and more researches should be used to determine the characteristic of phosphorylated 4EBP1(Thr37/46).
Keywords: sports science of human body; aerobic exercise; Western blotting; myocardial hypertrophy; p70S6K; 4EBP1

Title: Research on the effect of the low intensity aerobic exercise and smoking on changing of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α content in rats’ liver tissue

Authors: WEN Dengtai, ZHONG Jiugen, LIU Zheng, LIU Xiangmei
PP: 1671-1676
Abstract: Objective: To research the effect of low intensity aerobic exercise and smoking on IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α content in liver tissue. Methods: 24 rats were randomly divided into C (rest control) group, S (smoking) group, E (exercise) group and ES (smoking+exercise) group. C group received no treatment; S group did not exercise but received passive smoking; E group took exercise, but not smoking; ES received passive smoking in the morning and took exercise in the afternoon, these took place 6 days per week and then had a rest on Sunday. The content of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in liver tissue for every group of rats was tested after 9 weeks trained. Results: Compared with C group, IL-1 content in S group and ES group was significantly higher (P<0.05). Compared with C group, IL-6 content in E group and ES group was slightly higher, S group was slightly lower, but every group had no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with C group, TNF-α content in E group and ES group was much significantly higher (P<0.01). Compared with S group, TNF-α content was significantly higher in ES group (P<0.01) and E group (P<0.05). Factorial analysis of variance showed that two factors smoking and low intensity aerobic exercise were no significant interactions on the liuer tissue IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α levels. Conclusion: The low intensity aerobic exercise can improve immune function, but its resistance to the effect of smoking on body damage is limited. Smoking may reduce the positive effect of the exercise.
Keywords: sports science of human body; low intensity aerobic exercise; smoking; liver; IL-1; IL-6; TNF-α

Title: Functional diversity of Axanthopanax senticosus communities in Dongling mountain of Beijing, China

Authors: WANG Xin, ZHANG Jintun
PP: 1663-1670
Abstract: Objective: Axanthopanax senticosus (Rupret Mzxim) Harms is a well-known medicinal and protected plant species. Study of functional diversity of A.senticosus communities and its relationship with environment is important and fundamental to the conservation of A.senticosus in Dongling mountain. Methods: Functional attribute diversity (FAD), modified FAD (MFAD), plot-based functional diversity (FDp), community-based functional diversity (FDc) and Rao indices were used to analyze the relationships of functional diversity, species diversity and environmental factors. Results: Functional diversity was rich and varied greatly in A.senticosus communities. Functional diversity was significantly correlated with species richness and species heterogeneity. Functional diversity was significantly correlated with slope in A.senticosus communities. Communities dominated by A.senticosus in scrub layer had a comparatively low functional diversity. Conclusion: Functional diversity should be maintained in some extent for conservation of A.senticosus.
Keywords: conservation biology; Axanthopanax senticosus; survival community; functional diversity; Dongling mountain

Title: Effects of photoperiod and high fat diet on relative fatness in Apodemus chevrieri in Hengduan mountains

Authors: GAO Wenrong, ZHU Wanlong, WANG Zhengkun
PP: 1657-1662
Abstract: Relative fatness was measured in Apodemus chevrieri in Hengduan mountains, in order to study the relationship between body status and photoperiod and high fat diet in A.chevrieri. A.chevrieri were acclimatized to one of 4 regimens as the following: long day and low fat diet; long day and high fat diet; short day and low fat diet; short day and high fat diet. After a 7-week acclimation period, we determined body mass and body size. The relative fatness in A.chevrieri was calculated by empirical formula （K=100W/L3）. The results showed that there were no significant sexual differences with respect to relative fatness; the relative fatness showed no significant differences in the groups with different ages; while the changes of relative fatness were significantly affected by photoperiod, but not by diet or the interaction of photoperiod and diet. The variation trends of relative fatness were long day acclimation group greater than short-day acclimation group, thereinto, highest in long day and low fat diet and lowest in short day and high fat diet. The change patterns on relative fatness of A.chevrieri in different photoperiod and diet were related to their microenvironment such as low latitude, high elevation, lower average ambient temperature and the big change of photoperiod and food resources in Hengduan mountains.
Keywords: zoology; relative fatness; Apodemus chevrieri; photoperiod; high fat diet; Hengduan mountains

Title: Preparation and assay of polyclonal antibody for inhibitor of apoptosis protein in Ctenopharyngodonidellus

Authors: ZHANG Xiaoning, QIU Qian, LI Hui, HUANG Dejun, ZHANG Yingmei
PP: 1651-1656
Abstract: Objective: The present study aims to make the polyclonal antibody for inhibitor of apoptosis protein （IAP） in Ctenopharyngodonidellus. Methods: We designed a pair of specific primers for IAP gene in C.idellus using bioinformatics technology, amplified a 996 bp DNA fragment and introduced this IAP gene fragment into E.coli to express a fusion protein His-IAP which then was injected into New Zealand white rabbits to prepare antiserum. Finally, specific anti-IAP polyclonal antibody was obtained by affinity purification. Results: Immunoblot analysis confirmed that IAP protein could be detected in C.idellus liver by this anti-IAP polyclonal antibody. Conclusion: An IAP polyclonal antibody is gathered and can be used for expression detection, subcellular localization and anti-apoptotic function research of IAP protein in C.idellus.
Keywords: zoology; polyclonal antibody; prokaryotic expression; inhibitor of apoptosis protein; Ctenopharyngodonidellus

Title: FT regulates the expression of CAL in the floral morphogenesis of Arabidopsis

Authors: FENG Lingling, SHEN Hong, HUANG Tao
PP: 1645-1650
Abstract: Flowering Locus T (FT) gene is a critical integrator in the flower signal regulating of higher plants. FT protein initiates the differentiation of floral meristem by activating the expression of floral meristem identity genes. We investigate how FT protein regulates the expression of MADS-box genes Cauliflower (CAL) in the flowering of Arabidopsis. The results show that the early flowering triggered by the overexpression of MADS-box gene CAL is dependent on FT gene. FT can inhibit the degradation of CAL protein via the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway.
Keywords: plant genetics; Arabidopsis; FT; CAL; floral meristem; differentiation

Title: Division and cellularization of free nuclei in rice

Authors: WANG Zhong, GU Yunjie, ZHENG Yankun
PP: 1632-1644
Abstract: In order to explore the division and cellularization of the nuclear endosperm, the fertilized rice ovaries at 2-3 days after florescence were used as experimental materials in this paper. The configuration changes of endosperm tissues during division and cellularization process of free nuclei were observed under light and electron microscopes with methods of total dissection, resin-slicing, and so on. The results were as follows: 1) The divisions of endosperm free nuclei and cells in rice had various ways, including mitosis and amitosis. It was also found that the daughter nuclei from mitosis could start amitosis division immediately without interphase; 2) The precursors of the initial anticlinal cell walls and the initial periclinal cell walls of the rice endosperm both came from the cell plates, formed from phragmoplasts; 3) The inner layer cells of the rice endosperm sac were open cells without tangential walls all along. The open cells degenerated when the endosperm developed further; 4) A kind of multi-vesicle vacuoles in cellularization endosperm cells was discovered. After the vacuoles fused with the plasma membrane, those vesicles were released into cell walls. These vacuoles were called “cell wall formation vesicles” for their participation in cell wall formation and expansion.
Keywords: botany; rice; free nuclei; phragmoplast; mitosis; amitosis; cellularization; cell wall formation vesicle

Title: Expression pattern of DCC and netrin in the embryonic zebrafish

Authors: GAO Jingxia, ZHANG Changwen, ZHANG Cuizhen, PENG Gang
PP: 1628-1631
Abstract: This research focuses on the expression pattern of deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) and netrin in the embryonic zebrafish using whole mount in situ hybridization. DCC and netrin are one of the guidance receptors and ligands. The results showed that DCC are highly expressed in the anterior dorsal neurons in embryonic zebrafish, and netrins are highly expressed in the ventral midline. These results suggest that the axons of the anterior dorsal neurons which express DCC project ventrally guided by the ventral expressed netrins.
Keywords: neurobiology; expression; in-situ hybridization; DCC; netrin; zebrafish

Title: Isolation of sulfur oxidation relevant proteins of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans based on comparative proteomics

Authors: PENG Anan, XIA Jinlan, LIU Hongchang, ZHU Wei, NIE Zhenyuan
PP: 1615-1627
Abstract: Based on water-bathing-Triton X-114 phase separation of the cellular compartment-specific proteins, and the comparative proteomics and bioinformatic analysis, the extracellular, out-membrane and periplasmic space proteins were studied to isolate the key proteins relating to the sulfur oxidation of Acidithiobcillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 that were cultured on substrates elemental sulfur and ferrous iron, respectively. 39 expression upregulated proteins selected in the 2-DE profiles were identified by MALDI-TOF/MS and verified at transcriptional level by real-time quantitative PCR (real-time qPCR). 70% of which contained cysteine residues, some had higher cysteine content and one to two —CXXC— structural domains. This group of cysteine has important function in sulfur oxidation, the identification of the cell envelope proteins rich-in cysteine indicates these proteins play a key role in activation and oxidation of elemental sulfur.
Keywords: bioengineering; Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans; comparative proteomics; sulfur oxidation; bioinformatics

Title: Two-dimensional electrophoresis maps of outer membrane proteins in Edwardsiella tarda and the importance for the research of drug-resistance

Authors: WANG Chao, PENG Xuanxian, LI Hui
PP: 1607-1614
Abstract: In order to provide theoretical and practical guide for control of Edwardsiella tarda infection, this paper extracted the outer membrane (OM) proteins of E.tarda using the sodium lauryl sarcosinate and established the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) maps. There were 45 protein spots on the 2-DE maps and 73.3% of them were classified into OM proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/lonization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis. As the bacterial drug resistance caused by antibiotics abuse is increasing by serious, the drug resistance features of OM proteins were studied by 2-DE maps. The tetracycline (TET) resistant LTB4 strain was screened out by subculturing first, the resistance index (RI) reached 40 times, Furthermore, six altered proteins on the 2-DE maps of OM proteins were identified in tetracycline(TET)-resistant strain in comparison with their original strains. They were EvpB, LamB, OmpF2, ETAE-0245, EvpA and TolC. These data provide useful information for further study of OM proteomics in response to environmental stresses.
Keywords: microbiology; Edwardsiella tarda; two-dimensional electrophoresis; outer membrane protein; tetracycline

Title: Caffeine suppresses the UV-induced transcriptional response of hRRM1 and hRRM2 in HeLa cells

Authors: ZENG Zhen, WANG Dan, WANG Zitian, ZHOU Zheng
PP: 1600-1606
Abstract: Our data have demonstrated that caffeine reduces the UV survival of HeLa cells which was tested by the colony-forming assay. Since caffeine inhibits the activity of the ATM-ATR mediated DNA damage response (DDR) network, we speculate that the UV-induced transcriptional response of genes regulated by this network may be influenced by caffeine. Our data display that the mRNA level of several genes, regulated by ATM-ATR DDR network, is affected by caffeine in HeLa cells following UV irradiation. Caffeine upregualtes the transcription of CHK1 and p53 but suppresses the transcription of hRRM1 and hRRM2, which code two ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) that significantly affect dNTP pool in human cells. Since the repair of UV-caused DNA lesions requires increased dNTP supply, repressed expression of ribonucleotide reductases results in reduced DNA damage repair efficiency, which causes human cells more likely to trigger apoptosis. Our data suggest that caffeine promotes the apoptosis of UV-treated HeLa cells by repressing the expression of hRRM1 and hRRM2, implying that the lower cancer risk results from decreased UV survival of human cells influenced by caffeine.
Keywords: molecular biology; DNA damage response; ribonucleotide reductase; ultraviolet light; caffeine

Title: Advances of research on autophagy

Authors: TAO Fei, XU Ping
PP: 1593-1599
Abstract: Autophagy is a phenomenon that involves cell degradation of unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components through the lysosomal machinery. In an autophagy process, the aimed components are enclosed with membrane to form vacuoles (autophagy bubble), and then digest. Autophagy is an important mean for cells to maintain the balance of energy and material. Autophagy is also a cellular strategy to clear away redundant proteins, damaged cellular components and pathogens. Studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to human health, disease, and aging. The relevant research has been one of the hot spots in cell biology and molecular biology. It is expected that autophagy research will provide us clues for overcoming anti-aging, anti-cancer and other big medical problems. This paper briefly describes the progress in the study of autophagy made in recent years, mainly related to the molecular mechanism of autophagy, autophagy regulation, as well as the relationship between autophagy and human health and diseases.
Keywords: molecular biology; autophagy; review; cell morphology; aging

Title: Main factors affecting somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in upland cotton

Authors: LIU Zhengjie, ZHANG Yuan, WANG Yanxia, WANG Yumei, HUA Jinping
PP: 1583-1592
Abstract: Nowadays, plant tissue culture has been used as one of the technology platforms in transgenic engineering and genetic improvement. To set up an efficient regeneration system is the promise to the utilization of plant tissue culture. However, because of the many factors affecting somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant regeneration, the tissue culture in cotton has dropped behind much comparing with other crops. This paper aims to make some summarization for the complicated factors influencing the somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of cotton, and points out that the genotype of material is the main factor influencing the capacity of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration, but this situation could be improved by selecting proper kinds of explants, adapting the kinds and proportion of plant hormones, and changing the composition of media, including nitrogen source and carbon source, inorganic ion. At the same time, using the proper illumination, temperature and adverse condition could promote the regeneration ability of cotton. The high efficiency system of seeding, grafting and transplant could largely contribute to the survivability of regeneration plants. Currently, the researches on molecular mechanism of dynamic changes related to somatic embryogenesis are not perceptive, and the in-depth study on tissue culture of cotton developments slowly. This review indicates that the researches should not only focus on the proper condition for tissue culture of cotton but also selectively analyze the molecular mechanism of dynamic changes of genes during the process of embryogenetic callus induction and the formation of somatic embryos.
Keywords: agronomy; cotton; review; somatic embryogenesis; plant regeneration; affecting factors

Alert Name:
Alerting to:
Authentication email will be sent to your email address in 24 hours
Frequency:
Email Message Format:	Plain text Graphical(HTML)

Complete the form below and we will recommend the selected titles to your friends on your behalf. * Indicates a required field.
Your name*:
Your email address*:
Recipient's name*:
Recipient's email address*:
(multiple recipient's names and email addresses should be separated with semicolons)
Your comments:	I thought you would find the page(s) useful.

Your name:
Your email address:
Recipient's name:
Recipient's email address:
(multiple recipient's names and email addresses should be separated with semicolons)
Your comments:	I thought you would find this page useful.

Disclaimer: This message was sent to your friend using the "Send it to a friend" facility on the Sciencepaper Online’ WWW site, http://www.paper.edu.cn/en. The Sciencepaper Online is not responsible for the content of this email, and anything said in this email does not necessarily reflect the Sciencepaper Online's views.

	Check out RSS, or use RSS reader to subscribe this item