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| Incorporating the BOLS correlation algorithm [C. Q. Sun, Phys Rev B 69, 045105 (2004); Y. Sun, J Phys Chem C 113, 14696 (2009)] into the high-resolution XPS measurements [J. N. Andersen, et al, Phys Rev B 50, 17525 (1994); A. Baraldi, et al, N J Phys 9, 143 (2007)] has turned out an effective way of determining the 3d5/2 energy levels of the isolated Rh(302.50 eV) and Pd(330.63 eV) atoms and their respective bulk shifts (3.95 and 3.99 eV) with a refinement of the effective atomic coordination numbers of the top (100), (110), and (111) atomic layers (4.00, 3.66, and 4.04). It is further confirmed that bonds between under-coordinated atoms become shorter and stronger, which induces local strain and the skin-depth charge and energy quantum trapping and hence derives the global positive energy shifts. |
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| Keywords:Surface core level shift;CPS;Pd;Rh |
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