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February 15,2017
Volume 10,Issue 3
Pages -
Subject Area:Crop Cultivation,Horticulture,Ecology,Botany,Cellular Immunology,Genetics

Title: Effects of Pannax notoginseng saponins on histone acetylation induced by PCV-2 infection in RAW264.7 cells

Authors: YIN Dan, YANG Jian, HAO Zhubing, WEI Yingyi, HU Tingjun
PP: 346-355
Abstract: The objective of the current study is to investigate the effects of Pannax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on histone acetylation induced by PCV-2 infection in RAW264.7 cells. It was assigned to 4 groups which were negative control group, PCV-2 group, PNS control group and PCV-2+PNS group (treatment group) and PNS+PCV-2 group (prevention group). And then RAW264.7 cells or PCV-2 infected RAW264.7 cells were treated with 200 mg/L PNS. In this experiment, anti free radicals ability, hydrogen peroxide level, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, H3 and H4 acetylation levels of PCV-2 infected RAW264.7 cells, treated with PNS for 12 h, were tested by chemical luminescence method, ELISA, Western blotting, respectively. The results showed that pretreatment with PNS could antagonize the decrease of hydroxyl free radical inhibition activity of PCV-2 infected RAW264.7 cells, but not the decline of anti superoxide anion activity. Treatment with PNS significantly increased anti superoxide anion activity and hydroxyl free radical inhibition activity of PCV-2 infected RAW264.7 cells. And also, noticeable increase and decrease of HAT activity and HDAC activity were observed, respectively. This may result to histone acetylation of cells. The decline of HDAC activity were inhibited following 200 mg/L PNS treatment both before or after PCV-2 infection, but not HAT activity. A significantly elevation of H3 acetylation level was detected after PCV-2 infection. It had no significant effect on H4 acetylation level. However, the elevation of H3 acetylation levels of PCV-2 infected RAW264.7 cells was suppressed after PNS treatment but did not have a significant effect on H4 acetylation level. Results demonstrate that PNS effects RAW264.7 cells acetylation modification by regulating HAT and HDAC activities, H3, H4 acetylation level, which is favourable for cellular homeostasis and relief of oxidative injury in RAW264.7 cells induced by PCV-2 infection.
Keywords: traditional Chinese veterinary science; Panax notoginseng saponins; PCV-2; RAW264.7 cells; histone acetylation

Title: Interaction study of protein pM and IgY

Authors: JIANG Xuemei, ZHANG Xiaoying
PP: 341-345
Abstract: Objective: To verify the binding relationship between protein pM and egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) and confirm its affinity. Methods: Pull down assay, Western blotting, enzyme hydrolysis method and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were used to conduct the binding mechanism of pM and IgY. Results: These results confirmed protein pM can bind with chicken IgY, as well as IgY from Anatidae birds, by blocking the variable region Fab of IgY. Conclusion: Protein pM can be used as IgY purified ligand.
Keywords: veterinary science; egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY); protein pM; interaction study

Title: Development of directly blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against brucellosis

Authors: WU Wen1, ZHU Qiaoping1, WANG Chaofan1, ZAI Xusheng2, 3, SHAO Hongxia1, 2, 3, YE Jianqiang1, 2, 3,
PP: 332-340
Abstract: A directly blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the antibodies against brucellosis was developed with monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5C10 to Brucella abortus. Main factors related to the effect of blocking ELISA reaction were optimized and a kit was made. 75 Bovine sera samples and 25 sheep sera samples were detected by both our kit and commercial ELISA kit. Results showed that the detection coincidence rate was 100%. Directly blocking ELISA to test sera against brucellosis is very sensitive, specific and stable. It will be very important and useful in the eradication of brucellosis in China.
Keywords: veterinary science; brucellosis; monoclonal antibody; blocking ELISA

Title: Effects of plastic-film mulching and irrigation management on biological characters and yield of hybrid millet

Authors: GAO Liang, DU Xiong
PP: 323-331
Abstract: The filed experiments were conducted to study the effect of plastic-film mulching and irrigation management on biological characters and yield of hybrid millet by using “Zhangzagu 5” as material. The results showed that plastic-film mulching in wet years could significantly improve the grain yield by 10.8%-18.6%, while plastic-film mulching with irrigation in dry years could significantly improve the grain yield by 10.2%-15.4%. Irrigation at jointing stage could significantly improve the grain yield, and irrigation at heading stage with plastic-film mulching could significantly improve the grain yield. Grain yield has significant positive correlation with plant height, stem diameter and the height of the center of gravity, but has significant negative correlation with lodging resistance. Plastic-film mulching and irrigation caused the loss of lodging index. Irrigation at jointing stage with plastic-film mulching in wet years and irrigation at jointing and heading stages with plastic-film mulching in dry years are the agronomic technology of high and stable yield used for hybrid millet.
Keywords: crop cultivation; hybrid millet; plastic-film mulching; irrigation; yield; biological characters

Title: Studies on the effects of loss control and ordinary fertilizer on yield and nutrient accumulation of millet

Authors: CHEN Susheng1, JIANG Qian2, ZHAO Yuyou3, LI Lei2, ZHAO Guoshun1, ZHANG Fenglu2, AN Hao-jun1
PP: 315-322
Abstract: Experiments were conducted at the experimental station of Baoding Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2014-2015. The effects of loss control and ordinary fertilizer on accumulation of dry matter, accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, nutrient uptake efficiency and yield of millet were studied using millet hybrid Baogu 20 as material. The results showed that with the same nutrient amount (N 144 kg/hm2, P2O5 72 kg/hm2, K2O 72 kg/hm2) of loss control and ordinary fertilizer applied, there were significant differences on millet yield, dry matter accumulation and nutrient accumulation, and the effect of loss control fertilizer treatment was significantly better than that of ordinary fertilizer. Compared with ordinary fertilizer, the 1 000 grain weight, dry matter and yield of millet of loss control fertilizer could be increased by 4%, 8% and 17.1%, respectively. The content of nutrient elements in organs of loss control fertilizer treatment was higher than that of the ordinary fertilizer; and the nutrient uptake efficiency and partial productivity were increased by 63.4% and 10.4% of that of contrast fertilizer. Plant leaf area index (LAI) and SPAD also increased, and the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) increased by 19.5% for loss control to ordinary fertilizer. As a new type of fertilizer, loss control fertilizer will play an important role in improving the yield of millet, increasing the efficiency of fertilization and protecting the environment.
Keywords: crop cultivation; millet; loss control fertilizer; nutrient accumulation; yield; nutrient uptake efficiency

Title: Effects of bio-organic fertilizer type, amount and method of application on watermelon growth and yield in the gravel-mulched field

Authors: TAN Junli, WANG Xina, TIAN Juncang, LI Yinghai
PP: 307-314
Abstract: An orthogonal field experiment was carried out to study the effects of bio-organic fertilizer type, amount and method of application on growth, fruit yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency of watermelon in order to investigate a reasonable application technology of bio-organic fertilizer in the gravel-mulched field. Results showed that there was no significant difference among different bio-organic fertilizers, however increasing amount of application could improve growth of watermelon. Application methods had a greater impact on fruit yield, soluble solids content in the edge and water use efficiency than others. But there was significant effect of bio-organic fertilizer type on soluble solids content in the center of fruit. The optimal application technology model of bio-organic fertilizer in gravel-mulched field was obtained from this research through range and anova analysis. This model is D bio-organic fertilizer (EM fermented+Sanseyuan inocula) + 80 kg/667 m2 + hole application.
Keywords: plant nutrition; bio-organic fertilizer; watermelon; gravel-mulched field

Title: Effects of different chemicals postharvest treatments on the coloration and fruit quality of red Chinese sand pears cultivar ‘Mantianhong’

Authors: ZHANG Dong, QIAN Minjie, TENG Yuanwen
PP: 299-306
Abstract: Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus prifolia Nakai) are native to Yunnan province and southern part of Sichuan province. Recently, the pears had been widely accepted by consumers. Poor fruit coloration has been a noticeable problem, however, there is short of the technique of coloration regulation on production. Red Chinese sand pear cultivar, ‘Mantianhong’ (mid-maturing), was used as material in this study. Color response and related physiological mechanism of coloration regulation of red Chinese sand pears to postharvest induced influenced by chemicals were investigated systematically. The results are as follows: Different chemicals have different efficiency in coloration induced and fruit quality regulating. No positive efficiency was observed in 0.4 mmol/L abscisic acid (ABA) and 3 mmol/L gibberellic acid (GA) treatment in inducing anthocyanin accumulation of ‘Mantianhong’. However, 2 mmol/L ethephon (ETH), 0.12 mmol/L genistein (GNT), 2 mmol/L methyl jasmonate (MJ) alone and mixture of these chemicals enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in red Chinese sand pears. Simultaneous irradiation with MJ and ETH had a synergistic effect in inducing anthocyanin accumulation of ‘Mantianhong’. All these treatments can obtain fruit quality of ‘Mantianhong’ pear, such as fruit firmness, total soluble solids, soluble sugar and organic acid. This study will provide theoretical and technical support for improving the coloration of red Chinese sand pears.
Keywords: pomology; red Chinese sand pear; anthocyanin; coloration regulation; chemicals

Title: Effects of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on the powdery mildew resistance in Rosa multiflora

Authors: LIU Duanfeng, SUN Xiaoxiang, WANG Yuanyuan
PP: 291-298
Abstract: In this paper, we chose Rosa multiflora as research material. We picked out one resistant and one susceptible to powdery mildew and some candidate genes associated with resistance to powdery mildew. Based on these studies, we treated susceptible R. multiflora with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA) and distilled water to conduct expression analysis of genes associated with powdery mildew resistance in response to exogenous hormone. The changes of powdery mildew resistance in response to exogenous hormones were studied by morphology, cytology and physiology methods in order to figure out the related signal pathway. Results showed that MeJA, SA could induce defense responses to powdery mildew. That’s to say MeJA and SA signaling pathways play important roles in R. multiflora powdery mildew resistance.
Keywords: ornamental horticulture; powdery mildew; quantitative real-time PCR; Rosa multiflora; methyl jasmonate; salicylic acid

Title: Clone and cis-element analysis of DgCCD7 promoter in chrysanthemums

Authors: XI Lin, WEN Chao, LÜ Suhui, NIE Jing, YANG Yunyan, ZHAO Liangjun
PP: 281-290
Abstract: Strigolactone (SL) is known as a long-distance signal in regulation of chrysanthemum shoot branching. The promoter of SL biosynthesis gene DgCCD7 was isolated from chrysanthemum ‘Shenma’ (Dendranthema grandiflorum cv. ‘Jinba’), which contains full-length of 1 442 bp. By using PLACE database, analysis of promoter sequences of DgCCD7 and DgCCD8 as well as comparative analysis of the cis-regulatory elements within the upstream of 1 200 bp were carried out. Two common auxin related components were found in both genes, which are auxin responsive motif CATATGGMSAUR and auxin-like responsive motif SEBFCONSSTPR10A. Furthermore, one P1Bs binding motif were identified on both DgCCD7 and DgCCD8 promoters, which located on -610 bp of ProDgCCD7 and -427 bp of ProDgCCD8, respectively. And this binding motif is involved in the binding of phosphorus stress related transcription factor PHR1. By transformation of Arabidopsis fusion with GUS gene, DgCCD7 promoter can be activated at meristems and hypocotyledonary region. Meanwhile NAA and Pi starvation can active GUS expression in roots of transgene Arabidopsis. To sum up, this study may lay a foundation on the study of the transcriptional regulation mechanism of gene DgCCD7 and DgCCD8 to reveal the regulation mechanism of SL on shoot branching of chrysanthemum, which can be used for controlling branching during cut flower production.
Keywords: horticulture; chrysanthemum; promoter; CCDs; strigolactone; transcription regulation

Title: Incorporation of exotic Spartina alterniflora into salt marsh food webs through deposit-feeding snails: stable isotope and fatty acid analysis

Authors: WANG Sikai, WU Jihua
PP: 271-280
Abstract: Whether exotic plants change the energy base for native consumers, altering the trophic structure and food web interactions, is controversial and system specific. The response of deposit-feeding animals to plant invasions is unclear because their food sources are difficult to identify. We examined the effect of the exotic plant species, Spartina alterniflora, on the food source of two dominant snail species, Assiminea latericea and Cerithidea largillierti, in Yangtze river estuary salt marsh using combined stable isotope and fatty acid analysis. We collected the snails and potential food material (sediment organic matter, particulate organic matter, and plant material) in S. alterniflora and native plant Phragmites australis habitats. Our results indicated that A. latericea and C. largillierti were deposit feeders grazing sedimentary particles originating from diatoms, bacteria, and vascular plants. The invasive species S. alterniflora did not result in a change in the relative contribution of microalgae, bacteria, and vascular plants to the food source of the snails. The invasive S. alterniflora was confirmed to be assimilated by both snail species. The higher assimilation of S. alterniflora by A. latericea compared with C. largillierti was probably related to the greater ability of A. latericea to assimilate plant materials. Overall, S. alterniflora was incorporated into the food web of the estuarine salt marsh by the dominant snail species with generalist-feeding habits.
Keywords: ecology; salt marshes; food web; plant invasions; deposit feeder; Yangtze river estuary

Title: Phosphoproteomic analysis of Arabidopsis pollen development

Authors: CHEN Yanmei
PP: 265-270
Abstract: Pollen tube is a carrier to deliver the sperm to the ovule during the process of sexual plant reproduction in higher plants. Pollen tube growth is highly polarized and has become a relatively well-characterized model system in which to study cell-cell recognition, intra- and intercellular signaling in higher plants. To investigate the roles of the protein phosphorylation in the growth of pollen tube of Arabidopsis thaliana, a quantitative approach was used to analyze the protein phosphorylation dynamic changes during pollen development. A total of 44 phosphoproteins were reproducibly identified in this study, among the identified proteins, in case of 25 proteins were increased on the phosphorylation level while 19 proteins were decreased after pollen germination. These proteins were grouped into distinct functional categories including proteins involved in signaling transduction, membrane trafficking, cytoskeleton and carbohydrate metabolism. These data indicated that energy metabolism was increased to an active level, furthermore, protein phosphorylation played a crucial role in the regulation of membrane trafficking pathways in growing pollen tubes.
Keywords: botany; pollen; protein phosphorylation; membrane trafficking; cytoskeleton

Title: Studies of anti-retroviral host factors inhibit retrotransposon LINE-1

Authors: MA Yanjie, LI Xiaoyu
PP: 258-264
Abstract: Long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1) belongs to autonomous non-LTR retrotransposons. The replication of LINE-1 frequently causes insertion and rearrangement of host genomic DNA leading to human genetic disease. Antiviral host factors are antiviral proteins encoded by host cell iteslf belonging to innate immunity system. For the replication process of the retrotransposon is similar to that of the retrovirus, we tested the ability of the anti-HIV-1 host factor APOBEC3G, MOV10 and SAMHD1 in controlling LINE-1 mobility. The goal of the work is to explore the mechanism of the anti-retroviral host mediated restriction of LINE-1 retrotransposition, and potential application in prevention and therapeutics of related genetic diseases.
Keywords: microbiology; long interspersed nuclear element 1; host factors; APOBEC3G; MOV10; SAMHD1

Title: Cloning and expression analysis of a molybdenum transporter gene LjMOT1 from Lotus japonicus

Authors: WU Feifei, SHEN Zhilin, JI Ping, GAO Junshan
PP: 248-257
Abstract: In this paper, a Mo transporter gene LjMOT1 was cloned from Lotus japonicus, and the full-length cDNA of LjMOT1 is 1 824 bp, which includes an 1 407 bp open reading frame (ORF), 79 bp 5¢-untranslated region (UTR) and 323 bp 3¢-UTR and 15 bp polyA. The LjMOT1 gene was predicted to encode 468 amino acids. The alignment of amino acid sequences showed the LjMOT1 protein had the highest identities (81.14%) with the GmMOT1 protein from soybean. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) illuminated that the expression level of LjMOT1 in roots appeared a rising trend with increasing Mo concentrations in the media. The expression level of LjMOT1 in leaves on +Mo and 10×Mo media had no significant difference, but they were obviously higher than those on -Mo medium. A eukaryotic expression vector pCambia1304-LjMOT1 was constructed, and was transiently expressed in tobacco. The result showed that the LjMOT1 protein was located on the plasma membrane by a laser scanning confocal microscope. These results provide theoretical basis for further identifying the function of LjMOT1.
Keywords: molecular biology; Lotus japonicus; molybdenum; LjMOT1; quantitative real-time PCR; subcellular localization

Title: Establishment of Gpr84 knockout mice and its effect on secretion of TNF-α of macrophage

Authors: WANG Shaoying, CHEN Lili, YIN Chengcong, DU Bing, QIAN Min, REN Hua
PP: 242-247
Abstract: GPR84 plays an important role in the immune response. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 system to build Gpr84 knockout mice. The bone marrow cells of WT mice and Gpr84 knockout mice were extracted respectively to be induced to macrophages. To investigate the effect of Gpr84 knockout on macrophage, we tested the expression of TNF-α in Gpr84-/- macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We found that Gpr84 had no significant effects on the proportion of macrophages differentiated from bone marrow cells. After LPS treatment, mRNA expression levels of TNF-α in macrophages derived from Gpr84 knockout mice were significantly lower than that in the wild type. The results suggest that GPR84 may enhance the mRNA expression of TNF-α in macrophages and regulate the inflammatory response.
Keywords: cellular immunology; Gpr84; macrophage; CRISPR/Cas9; TNF-α

Title: Study on the mechanism to regulate the syncytial stage of maize endosperm development by a CDKs inhibitor KRPs

Authors: GUAN Chunfeng, WANG Chang
PP: 237-241
Abstract: For that the maize endosperm weight is about 80%-85% of corn grain, endosperm cell division and growth condition determines seed weight and quality. While the plant endosperm is a highly programmed process, and is precisely controlled in many aspects, its development and regulation mechanism is the frontier scientific issue in the field of reproductive and developmental biology. To elucidate the molecular regulation mechanism of endosperm development, not only has important theoretical significance, but also has wide application value. The cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor KRPs mainly by binding and inhibiting cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and cell cycle proteins (CYCs) activity to regulate cell cycle progression, plays a very important role in preventing cell division in response to environmental signals. In view of the important biological function of KRPs, the molecular mechanism of KRPs in regulation of maize endosperm development was discussed.
Keywords: genetics; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor KRPs; review; endosperm; syncytial phase; cell cycle

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