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December 30,2016
Volume 9,Issue 24
Pages -
Subject Area:Geography,Environmental Biology,Environmental Ecology,Bioenergy,Functional Polymer Materials

Title: Research on development rules of alpine mountain collapses in Maerkang-Dege section of China nation highway 317

Authors: ZHANG Guoting, YUAN Jinke, CHENG Qiang
PP: 2593-2602
Abstract: Maerkang-Dege section of China national highway 317 is located in the “Three High” area, namely high cold, high altitude and high intensity. The frequent collapse hazards seriously threaten both the normal operation of the highway and the safety of people’s life and property. In this paper, a field survey for collapse hazards is conducted in the study area. It shows that geological environment characteristics, including topography, geological structure, meteorology and hydrology, are benefical to the development of collapse hazards. Based on the statistical data, we use the geographic information system (GIS) technology to analyse the relationship of distribution of collapse hazard with elevation, slope configuration, slope aspect, lithology and so on, then conclude the development rule about collapse hazards. And we summarize 5 failure modes of collapsed bodies, mainly freeze-dumping, freeze-thaw-sliding, shear-sliding, shear-falling and weathering-denudation along the road.
Keywords: other subjects of earth science; G317; collapse hazards; geographic information system analysis; development rules; instability pattern

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Title: Testing of full-polarimetric airborne ground penetrating radar testing system

Authors: ENHEDELIHAI, FENG Xuan, LIANG Shuaishuai, ZHANG Minghe, FANG Yuantao
PP: 2579-2584
Abstract: Airborne ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a suitable tool to perform cost-effective surveys of the undergrounds on a number of possibly non-accessible areas such as dead zones or serious vegetation cover. And it is concluded that airborne GPR will receive more attention in the future. Compared with traditional GPR, the use of radar polarization information can get more comprehensive information and get more detailed polarization characteristics of the target for further analysis of scattering characteristics. By using LabVIEW, we write the control software, and construct a hardware system based on vector network analyzer (VNA), PC control site, full-polarimetric antenna array, GPS module and amplifiler. The main objective of our work is to explore the feasibility of designing and testing an airborne full polarimetric ultra-wide-band step-frequency GPR system.
Keywords: solid earth geophysics; ground penetrating radar; polarimetric; airborne system; antenna design

Title: Effect of temperature on anaerobic digestion of food waste

Authors: CHEN Huan, TAO Yingbing, ZOU Dexun, SONG Ruozhen, LI Yunfang, WANG Xiaoxu, CHEN Zhenning, MA Zhuoran, LI Xiujin
PP: 2572-2578
Abstract: We investigated the effect of temperature on anaerobic digestion of food waste by batch anaerobic digestion tests, using the biogas production, the mass conversion and the system stability as indicators. Five different temperatures were set, psychrophilic (20℃), room temperature (13-29℃), mesophilic (35℃), thermophilic (55℃) and hyperthermophilic (70℃), respectively. The organic loading of food waste was 5 gVS/L and the corresponding organic loading rate was F/M=1 (food to microorganism). The results showed that effect of anaerobic digestion was the best at mesophilic temperature with the maximum biogas production of 8 286 mL. Thermophilic temperature had almost the same effect as mesophilic temperature with the maximum daily biogas production of 800 mL. Biogas production decreased at psychrophilic and room temperatures because the low temperature was not fit for anaerobic digestion system. Most biogas was produced on anaerobic hydrolysis acidification at hyperthermophilic temperature, and there was almost no biogas production in the stage of methane production.
Keywords: solid pollution control project; temperature; food waste; anaerobic digestion; microorganism

Title: Decolorization and degradation of reactive black 5 by mixed flora DDMY1

Authors: XIE Xuehui
PP: 2564-2571
Abstract: In this paper, by using the concentration gradient pressure screening method, a mixed bacterial flora DDMY1, which has good decolorization performance on reactive black 5, was selected from the well-runnig hydrolytic acidification reactor for printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. The bacterial flora was used to decolor reactive black 5 under the facultative-aerobic condition. Results showed that the mixed flora DDMY1 performed significantly in decoloring of reactive black 5, with 400 mg/L reactive black 5 for 24 h cultivation, the decolorization rate could reach up to 97.4%. Using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry method scanned the decoloring liquid at different time and different states. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods analyzed the degradation products in the process of decolorization. It was found that the substance containing the aromatic ring or the amide structure may be the biodegradation products of reactive black 5. The results in this study were expected to reveal the mechanism of the decolorization phenomenon from the aspect of the dye’s structure changing.
Keywords: environmental biology; mixed flora; dye decolorization; dye degradation; reactive black 5

Title: Analysis on changes of landscape pattern of Shuangtai estuary protected area based on remote sensing images

Authors: ZHOU Xuebo, LI Yunwei, LI Xiaoqian, LI Bowen, SONG Youtao
PP: 2559-2563
Abstract: Landscape pattern change analysis is an important reference and basis for studying ecological environment quality of protected area. Analysis of ecological effects resulting from this change is important for the conservation of species diversity. In this paper, through two remote sensing images of Shuangtai estuary protected area in 2003 and 2015 in geographic information system (GIS) platform, landscape classification image were obtained by visual interpretation. According to the analysis of landscape pattern index, urban construction land area in Shuangtai estuary increased quickly, fragmentation became larger, and agricultural land also increased in a slight range; while reed wetland landscape area reduced, and fragmentation exacerbated. To make wetland landscape change better, protected area need to be planned rationally, and management actions need to be improved to effectively recover the wetland landscape of protected area.
Keywords: environmental ecology; landscape pattern; landscape index; protected area; remote sensing

Title: Changes about sulfur components and dielectric properties of high-sulfur coal by microwave-assisted desulfurization

Authors: ZHANG Mingxu, LIU Song, XU Jingyao, JIA Songkuan
PP: 2552-2558
Abstract: The desulfurization experiment of Xinyang high-sulfur coal is conducted with HAc-H2O2 solution by 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to characterize the composition of coal samples, and the complex dielectric constant of Xinyang high-sulfur coal is measured by transmission and reflection method. Results indicate that the desulfurization rate of Xingyang high-sulfur coal is 47.64%, and very little inorganic sulfur is contented after experiment. The measurements of XRD show that pyrite and calcite in coal disappear after experiment; the analysis of XPS show that three main types of organic sulfur components in coal are thiophene, sulfoxide and mercaptan-thioether, and thiophene can reach to about 63.53% in organic sulfur, while mercaptan thioether is the least with the desulfurization rate is 29.63%. The order of desulfurization is inorganic-sulfur, mercaptan-thioether, sulfoxide and thiophene. The real part ε′ and imaginary part ε″ of the complex dielectric constant are reduced after experiment, especially in 12-15 GHz frequency range, the imaginary part ε″ has a significant decline, and it shows that the coupling capability between coal and microwave reduce after experiment.
Keywords: mineral processing engineering; high-sulfur coking coal; microwave; sulfur components; dielectric properties

Title: Study on the characteristics of void fraction of two phase flow in annular

Authors: SHEN Jianwen, WANG Xudong
PP: 2544-2551
Abstract: With consideration of the factors such as gas solubility, gas slippage, oil-based drilling fluid volume factor, on the basis of multiphase flow model, a residual gas model for gas-liquid is proposed, and the variation of void fraction for multiphase flow is analyzed along annular. The method of residual gas analysis is proposed to calculate the void fraction in annulus. The mode is solved by the explicit difference method. In the calculation example, when gas influx occurs in continuous in bottom hole, there is a 0 void fraction with considering the solubility. With the increasing of back pressure and the decreasing of gas influx rate and oil base ratio, the length of 0 void fraction increases in annulus. When carbonic gas influx occurs in bottom hole, the length of 0 void fraction in annulus increases from 1 500 m to 2 700 m with the back pressure increasing from 0.1 MPa to 4.0 MPa. The maximum void fraction error is 21.22%, in comparison with no consideration of 0 void ratio. When CO2 gas influx occurs in bottom hole, the length of 0 void fraction in annulus increases from 1 140 m to 2 250 m with the oil-base ratio increasing from 0.1 to 5.0. The maximum void fraction error is 26.57%, in comparison with no consideration of 0 void ratio.
Keywords: oil, natural gas energy; solubility; 0 void fraction; gas-liquid two-phase; drilling; annulus

Title: Effects of covering by cystosepiment on ammonia emission from chicken manure biogas slurry during storage

Authors: XUE Wentao, LIN Cong, SUN Qinping, ZOU Guoyuan, LI Jijin, LIU Bensheng
PP: 2538-2543
Abstract: Ammonia emission characteristics of different covering treatment on chicken manure biogas slurry are studied with cystosepiment in this paper. We continuously measured temperature, pH, electric conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), volatile solid (VS) during the storage and analyzed the influence factor of biogas slurry ammonia emission and reduction of different covering treatment. The results showed that covering treatment on biogas slurry could significantly reduce the amount of ammonia emission, and reduction efficiency was rising with the increasing of covering area. When compared with uncovered treatment group, a third of area covered and half of area covered treatment groups reduced emission amounts by 28.72% and 53.87%. The accumulative ammonia emission amounts of uncovered, a third of area covered, half of area covered treatment groups for 15 d were 3 140.56, 2 203.64, 1 425.63 mg, respectively. There were no different influences on pH value of different covering treatment. At the end of the experiment, the concentration of EC, TN, COD had an significantly reduction, but the falling range was decreasing with the increasing of covering area.
Keywords: bioenergy; chicken manure biogas slurry; covering; ammonia emission; ammonia reduction

Title: Fabrication and photoelectrochemical properties of the core-shell WO3/BiVO4 nanofiber film for water splitting

Authors: LIU Ya, LIU Xu, ZHANG Xiao, LI Mingtao
PP: 2332-2537
Abstract: A core-shell WO3/BiVO4 nanofiber film was fabricated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated substrates based on electrospinning pyrolysis. Type II staggered band gap structure was formed on the WO3/BiVO4 interface, and then accelerated the charge separation. In this photoelectrode, WO3 was served as the charge transport channel and framework, while BiVO4 was used as the visible light absorber and supplied the oxygen evolution reaction sites. The experiment results revealed that the photocurrent density of this core-shell nanofiber film could reach 1.75 mA/cm2 when the votage of the working electrode versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) is 1.9 V. However, the pure WO3 and BiVO4 electrodes prepared by the same process only possess the photocurrent densities around 0.08 mA/cm2 and 0.05 mA/cm2, respectively.
Keywords: solar energy; hydrogen energy; photoelectrochemical water splitting; electrospinning; WO3; BiVO4

Title: Thermoelectric and mechanical properties of Bi2Te3/nano-SiC

Authors: PEI Yanling, ZHAO Bolun
PP: 2525-2531
Abstract: To improve the thermoelectric and mechanical property of Bi2Te3 alloys, highly dense n-type Bi2Te3 materials dispersed with nano-SiC are fabricated by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS), in which their relative densities are invariable by increasing the SPS temperature according to the SiC dispersed contents. The power factor increases from 1.72×10-3 W·m-1·K-2 for monolithic Bi2Te3 to 1.96×10-3 W·m-1·K-2 for 0.1%SiC dispersed sample at 693 K with increase by 17.6%. But as nano-SiC content increases to 1.0% and SPS temperature raises to 733 K, the increase of SPS temperature reduces the donor defect and decreases electric conductivity and power factor. The Vickers hardness increases from 0.62 GPa for monolithic Bi2Te3 to 0.86 GPa for 1.0%SiC dispersed sample. The results show that thermoelectric and mechanical properties of Bi2Te3 alloys can be improved by optimizing both and SPS temperature nano-SiC content.
Keywords: special functional inorganic nonmetallic materials; Bi2Te3; thermoelectric material; mechanical alloying; spark plasma sintering; nano-SiC

Title: Microstructure and mechanical properties of the SiCp/AZC910 composite by low-temperature and slow-speed extrusion

Authors: ZHANG Xiao, DENG Kunkun
PP: 2519-2524
Abstract: In this paper, 10 μm 1%SiCp/AZC910 (volume percentage) composite was fabricated by stir casting. Then, the composite was subjected to hot extrusion at 250℃ with ram speed of 0.03 mm/s. The results illustrated that a large number of Mg17Al12 precipitated in the matrix of SiCp/AZC910 composite, which exhibited a bimodal microstructure consisting of fine dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains and coarse undynamic recrystallized (unDRXed) area. After being extruded at low temperature and slow speed, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of SiCp/AZC910 composite were ~307.27 MPa, ~367.90 MPa and ~3.26%, respectively, which showed excellent mechanical properties.
Keywords: metal matrix composites; magnesium matrix composite; low-temperature and slow-speed extrusion; microstructure; mechanical properties

Title: Quercetin-loaded biotin and lactic acid targeting nanoparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

Authors: GAO Xiujun, WU Lijia, SI Jia, LIU Zengquan, CHAI Qiang, LIU Bingyan, HU Xue
PP: 2510-2518
Abstract: Dual targeting materials biotin-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolid acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-biotin (BPPPB) and LAC-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolid acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-LAC (LPPPL) were synthesized and quercetin-loaded nanoparticle was constructed by nanoprecipitation. The structure of the material was showed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The morphology and size were measured by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic laser light scattering (DLS), respectively. The targeting ability was characterized by in vitro cell-targeting assay. The biocompatibility was testified by in vitro cytotoxicity-test (MTT assay) and acute toxicity assay (Kunming mice). The results of 1H NMR showed that BPPPB and LPPPL were synthesized successfully. The results of TEM and DLS showed that nanoparticles were spherical appearance and had small size distribution. The result of fluorescence microscope showed that the targeting ability of BPPPB nanoparticles to Hep G2 cells was stronger than that of HL-7702 cells. MTT assay and acute toxicity assay (Kunming mice) were used to prove the biocompatibility of nanoparticles. Those results showed that the dual targeting nanoparticles had a good application potential in drug delivery system.
Keywords: functional polymer materials; dual targeting groups; target; quercetin; poly(lactic-co-glycolid acid)

Title: Effect of β-form nucleating agent carrier on its self-assembly and performance of polypropylene

Authors: BAI Wenlu, LI Yijun, NIE Min, HUA Zhengkun
PP: 2503-2509
Abstract: In this study, a β-form nucleating agent carrier (NAC) was successfully obtained via a β-form nucleating agent (NA) WBG-II and polypropylene (PP) with a low molecular weight and its effect on the self-assembly behavior of NAC had been detailedly studied. The results obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscope (POM) analyses showed that it was easier and more convenient for NAC modified samples to self-assemble at relatively low processing temperature (210℃) than the conventional ones. During recrystallization, more WBG-II fibrils formed in the NAC modified samples and led an epitaxial crystallization of the PP lamellae to form β-form hybrid shish-kebabs which effectively enhanced the strength of PP. By changing the processing condition, it is demonstrated that the molecular weight of the NAC plays an essential role in the solution of NA. With decreasing molecular weight, more NAs dissolve at lower temperature and thus more β-form hybrid shish-kebabs form in the final product.
Keywords: polymer materials; polypropylene; β-form nucleating agent; self-assembly

Title: Progress in thermal conductive polymer composites

Authors: HONG Haoqun, ZHOU Chao, XIAO Yang, ZHANG Haiyan
PP: 2489-2502
Abstract: Thermal conductive polymer composites have become one of research focuses recently. In this paper, the developing activities of large businesses on thermal conductive polymer composites are primarily reviewed, and the classifications, thermal conductive mechanism and models of thermal conductive polymer composites are introduced. The factors that affect thermal conductivity of thermal conductive polymer composites are discussed, including the fillers, the condensed structure of polymer materials, processing methods and temperature. The measures that can improve thermal conductivity of thermal conductive polymer composites are elaborated, including optimizing process conditions, preparing novel thermal conductive fillers, improving the structure of thermal conductive fillers and modifying the filled particles. The advances in thermal conductive composites based on nano carbon are specially introduced. Finally, the existing problems and developing directions of thermal conductive polymer composites are also discussed.
Keywords: polymer materials; polymer composites; review; thermal conductive fillers; thermal conductivity

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