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December 15,2008
Volume 1,Issue 15
Pages 1656-1751
Subject Area:Basic Theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Biochemical Pharmacology,Biomedical Engineering,Human Histology and Embryology,Human Immunology

Title: Application of spectrophotometer (spectral type) in the processing of lotus rhizome node

Authors: LIU Yuejiang, ZHANG Ruodan, ZHANG Huihui, WU Chunjie, AI Li, ZHANG Xiaolin
PP: 1749～1751
Abstract: Objective: To study the feasibility of quality control of the parching lotus rhizome node by measuring the color of the processing, using the spectrophotometer. Methods: To research lotus rhizome node by measuring the color in different phase of processing, and investigate the feasibility of quality control of processing drugs by measuring the color. Results: The RSD (%) of L* value is 1 69 by measuring lotus rhizome node for 10 times, which illustrates this method is stable. L* value and stir-frying time (T) of lotus rhizome node are notable linear relationships. At the same time each R value exceeds 0.96, and it demonstrates the linearity fitting degree is good. Conclusion: It is feasible that using the spectrophotometer to control the parching lotus rhizome node by measuring the color of the processing. The spectrophotometer overcomes the problems of measuring different color and shape of lotus rhizome node. The experiment data is stable.
Keywords: processing of traditional Chinese medicine; lotus rhizome node; spectrophotometer (spectral type); processing drugs

Title: The effect of Shengmai capsule on the myocardium gene expressive profile in chronic congestive heart failure rats

Authors: DENG Yuanjiang, LIANG Weixiong, CHENG Shuyi, CHEN Yunbo, LIU Weiying
PP: 1739～1748
Abstract: Objective: To study the effect of Shengmai capsule on the myocardium gene expressive profile in chronic congestive heart failure rats. Methods: SD female rats were divided randomly into 3 groups, 15 rats each group: sham-operation group (A), CHF model group (B), CHF model treated by Shengmai capsule group (C), preparing CHF rat models by constricting the suprarenal abdominal artery for 7 weeks. After 7 weeks treating respectively, took the apex of heart of the rats and analyzed the variability expression of the myocardium gene expressive profile between group C and group B with Affymetrix Rat Expression Array 230 2.0 Gene Chip. Results: Compared with the CHF model group (B), 333 gene expressions were up-regulated in Shengmai capsule group (C), other 421 down-regulated. There were totally 115 gene variability expression (43 up-regulated and 72 down-regulated). Thereinto, 51 genes (27 up-regulated and 24 down-regulated), which biology process were clear, were related to metabolism, signal transduction, cell cycle, cell growth and progression, striated muscle contraction, cell adhesion, immune response, transcription, ion transport, protein transport and so on. Conclusion: Shengmai capsule could regulate the gene expression profile of CHF rats’ myocardium, and produce a marked therapeutic effect through ways of multi-avenue, multi-link, and multi-target.
Keywords: pharmacology of Chinese materia medica; congestive heart failure (CHF); gene expressive profile; Shengmai capsule; gene chip

Title: The evaluation of the insomnia rats reproduced by placing rats on a small platform suspended water by interruptable sleep deprivation

Authors: QIU Zhengang, ZHANG Hongbin, WANG Shijun, QI Xianghua
PP: 1733～1738
Abstract: Objective: The evaluation of the insomnia rat which was reproduced by placing rats on a small platform suspended water by interruptable sleep deprivation. Methods: The insomnia rat was reproduced by using a sleep-disturbed model developed by placing rats on a small platform suspended water by interruptable sleep deprivation. The responses of the insomnia rat to time choosing-homeopathic remedy were recorded in following aspects: the general condition, the autonomic activities, study and memory ability, sleep phase of electroencephalogram, sleep related materials such as 5-HT, NE. Results: The treatment group in comparison with the controls show that the independent activity increased considerably (P<0.01). Time of the sleep phase of wake was extended considerably and the sleep phase of TST was shortened considerably (P<0.05). Time of the sleep phase of SWS was shortened considerably, most strikingly shortened was the SWS2 (P<0.01) and the SWS1 without significantly changing; the sleep phase of REMS was increased but it had no statistically significance (P＞0.05). Conclusion: The insomnia rat was reproduced by using a sleep-comdisturbed model developed by placing rats on a small platform suspended water by interruptable sleep deprivation. It can promote the disenchantment and reduce the sleep, increase the excitability of the rats, and make the secretion of sleep related materials such as 5-HT, 5-HIAA, NE unbalanced. The method which reproduced the model can respond the pathology of the insomnia better and the drug can be used in the convalescence. It can respond the characteristics of the Chinese traditional medicine such as cure slowly, long therapeutic procedure and calm or enter sleep unconspicuously. The Chinese traditional medicine pays more attention to the regulation and control but not the calm. This method can be used in the investigation of the Chinese traditional medicine which cures the insomnia animals.
Keywords: Chinese traditional medicine; reproduce the insomnia model; sleep depriving; sleep phase

Title: Effects of Suanzaoren Tang on learning memory and levels of free radical and NOS in old model rats brain with Yin and blood-deficiency and sleep deprivation

Authors: YOU Qiuyun, WU Lili, TIAN Daizhi, WANG Ping
PP: 1728～1732
Abstract: Objective: To observe the effects of Suanzaoren Tang(SZRT) on learning memory and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in old model rats brain with Yin and blood-deficiency and sleep deprivation (SD). Methods: Levels of learning memory and MDA, and activities of SOD and NOS in mice brain were assayed after SD induced by self-made multiple platform method (MMPM), senescence induced by D-galactose, and Yin and blood-deficiency induced by cyclophosphamide and hydrocortisonum. Results: After 48 h SD, ability of learning and memory of rats decreased significantly, levels of MDA, and activities of SOD and NOS in mice brain markedly increased in comparison to the control group. However, the observation of the groups treated with SZRT significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and showed a tendency in returning to normal leve1. Conclusion: SZRT can improve the disability of learning and memory of the pathogeny rats model, and one of its mechanisms maybe involve the reduction of nerve cell damage with free radical and NO. What’s more, the effect of high dose of SZRT is better than that of the low one.
Keywords: science of Chinese materia medica; sleep deprivation (SD); model; Suanzaoren Tang(SZRT); learning memory; free radical

Title: SEM observation of scalp hair from people who are deficient of kidney-essence

Authors: GU Xing, TANG Qun, ZHAO Shangguo
PP: 1721～1727
Abstract: Objective: Observe the microstructure of scalp hair and analyze the differences between the groups who are deficient of kidney-essence, kidney-YIN, or blood and normal human. Methods: Collected hair from 61 cases of patients, 25 cases of normal human and observed with SEM, enlarged and took pictures as well. Observed the arrangement and the free margin of cuticles, then made number, recorded and stored. The differences of diameter, intervals between cuticles and microstructure of hair between different sexes and among different groups were analyzed. Results: The differences of diameter (F=12.539, P<0.01) and intervals between cuticles (F=12.070, P<0.01) among different groups were significant. The hair shafts of the group deficient of kidney-essence were the shortest of all. Conclusion: The diameter, intervals between cuticles and microstructure of hair are greatly related to kidney-essence.
Keywords: traditional Chinese medicine diagnostics; hair; microstructure; scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Title: Effects of active components of Banxia Xiexin decoction on the membrane potential and mitochondrial membrane potential of interstitial cells of Cajal

Authors: ZHU Jie, HUANG Ying, LIU Xiaohui, HONG Qingtao, YANG Jianru, LI Yuhang
PP: 1717～1720
Abstract: Objective: Observe the effects of Berberine, Baicalin, Glycyrrhizic acid, and Ginsenoside Rg1 which are the active components of Banxia Xiexin decoction (BD) on the membrane potential (MP) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Methods: The ICC was dissociated and cultured in vitro, then treated with active components for 24 hours, c-kit immunofluorescence antibody was used for its identification under the confocal microscopy, utilized the scanning technique of laser confocal scanning microscope and specificity fluorescent probe to mark the MP and MMP of ICC. Results: Berberine can enhance the MP and MMP of ICC. Glycyrrhizic acid, Ginsenoside Rg1 can increase the MMP of ICC. Baicalin has no significant effect on them. Conclusion: The mechanism of BD regulates the gastrointestinal motility may be through these active components enhancing the MP and MMP of ICC.
Keywords: clinical basis of traditional Chinese medicine; active component of Banxia Xiexin decoction; membrane potential of interstitial cells of Cajal; mitochondrial membrane potential

Title: Effects of acupuncture on c-Fos protein in the visual cortex of form deprivation amblyopia cats

Authors: YAN Xingke, WANG Fuchun, WANG Zhihong, YANG Bo, GAO Yang
PP: 1714～1716
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of acupuncture on c-Fos protein in the visual cortex of form deprivation amblyopia cats. Methods: Sutured bilateral eyelids of 4-week-old kittens to establish binocular form deprivation amblyopia model, divided into the form deprivation model group (n=8) and the acupuncture treatment group (n=8). Treated the visual cortex tissues of the two groups with c-Fos protein immunohistochemical staining, the staining results were analyzed by computer image. Results: The visual cortex expression c-Fos positive neurons of amblyopia acupuncture group were significantly more than the model group (P<0 05). Conclusion: The results suggested that acupuncture can regulate neurons plasticity changes in the visual system.
Keywords: science of acupuncture and moxibustion; amblyopia; c-Fos protein; acupuncture therapy

Title: Studying of quality standard for Tongfengning capsule

Authors: LIAO Wan, FU Chaomei, LI Rui, HUANG Yiwei, HU Huiling
PP: 1708～1713
Abstract: Objective: To study the qualitative control method for Tongfengning capsule and to establish its quality standard. Methods: Medicines in this description were identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The content of Berberine which is the effective element in the preparation was determined as the index by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Radix stephaniae tetrandrae, Cortex phellodendri, Rhizoma curcumae longae, Semen coicis and Fructus forsythiae could be detected by TLC from three batches of samples. The color spectrum spot are clear and specificity is good, and the flow rate is proper. The negative control shows no interference. The linear correlation of the Berberine is good in extent of 0.082 6～0.826 0 μg and the recovery is 98.9% (n=6). Conclusion: The quality control is feasible and can be applied to control the products from mass production. The stability of the pharmaceutical quality can be ensured.
Keywords: Chinese drugs pharmaceutics; Tongfengning capsule; thin-layer chromatography; high performance liquid chromatography

Title: Effects of paeoniflorin on anti-myocardial ischemia in rats and anti-myocardial apoptosis

Authors: ZHANG Guowei, YI Xuetao, SU Zhijun, ZENG Xing
PP: 1704～1707
Abstract: This paper studied the effects of paeoniflorin on anti-myocardial ischemia in rats and anti-myocardial apoptosis. Divided 24 rats into 4 groups randomly with control group, high-dose group, low-dose group, sham-operated group, then established the model of myocardial ischemia rats. Determined the myocardial infarction areas, the values of CPK and LDH of all rats. And detected the myocardial apoptosis with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique of all rats. Compared the differences between each group, the results showed that the high-dose group could decrease the risk index, the content of CPK and LDH and the apoptosis index of myocardial cells remarkably. The high-dose group had protective effects on myocardial cells. It was higher than the control group and the low-dose group. And the high-dose group had no statistical difference compared with the sham-operated group. The research suggested that paeoniflorin has obviously protective effects on myocardial infarction in the myocardial ischemia rats. The mechanism possibly relates to the effects of anti-myocardial apoptosis.
Keywords: pharmacology of Chinese materia medica; paeoniflorin; myocardial ischemia; myocardial apoptosis

Title: Extraction and determination of ursolic acid from sea-buckthorn flavonoid

Authors: TAN Chengjia, MA Jiahua, WANG Yujie, ZHANG Yi
PP: 1700～1703
Abstract: Objective: To extract ursolic acid from sea-buckthorn flavonoid and determine the content by HPLC. Methods: The compound was obtained from the chloroform extracted fraction of sea-buckthorn flavonoid by column chromatograph. Its structure was identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR as ursolic acid; DiamonsilTM C18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was employed, the mobile phase consisted of methanol -8mmol·L-1 tetrabutyl ammonium bromide-triethylamine (90∶10∶0.2) with a flow velocity of 1.0 mL/min. The detective wavelength was set at 210 nm and the column temperature was at 40℃. Results: The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.59~8.85 μg (r=0.999 6, n=5), and the average recovery was 97.11%, RSD was 1.20% (n=6). Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate in determining the content of ursolic acid in sea-buckthorn flavonoid.
Keywords: pharmaceutical chemistry; sea-buckthorn flavonoid; ursolic acid; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Title: Effect of Yinhuang micro-enema compound on NO and induced nitricoxide synthase in rat peritoneal macrophage

Authors: HUANG Leisong, YANG Bin, LIAO Runling, CAI Wen’e, LIU Huagang
PP: 1695～1699
Abstract: To study the effect of Yinhuang micro-enema compound (YHMCE) on release of nitric oxide (NO) and the activity of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) so as to elucidate its anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Peritoneal macrophage (PMФ) obtained from normal rats were cultivated in vitro. The production of NO, the activity and mRNA expression of iNOS in peritoneal macrophages of mice administered with different dose of YHMCE were observed by nitrate reductase method, immunocytochemical method and RT-PCR, respectively. YHMCE can inhibit the activity and mRNA expression of iNOS with dose-dependence in rat peritoneal macrophages, and reduce the generation and release of NO. The regulation of YHMCE on the production of NO in peritoneal macrophages of mice may occur at transcriptional level of iNOS, inhibiting the iNOS’s denovo synthesis and reducing the generation and release of NO. This may be one of its anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Keywords: herbal pharmacology; peritoneal macrophage; Yinhuang micro-enema compound; nitric oxide (NO); induced nitric oxide synthace (iNOS)

Title: Angiotensin Ⅱ mediating the activation of Smad2/3 and its efficacy for proteomic alteration of Smad3 binding proteins

Authors: HUA Fang, ZHOU Junlan, YANG Hongzhen, HU Zhuowei
PP: 1690～1694
Abstract: Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) has recently emerged as a key mediator of cardiovascular fibrosis. It is recognized as a cytokine and signal through its Ang Ⅱ receptor 1 (AT1) to exert most of its biological functions. Through multiple downstream intracellular signaling pathways, Ang Ⅱ activates transcription factors and regulates target gene expression. Studying for the transcription factors and its interacting co-factors in Ang Ⅱ signaling can provide comprehensive insights for understanding the regulatory mechanism of Ang Ⅱ in cardiovascular system. In the transcription factor-DNA array study, the authors found that Ang Ⅱ can activate Smad3/4 in vascular cells, and it can induce the phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Through proteomic analysis, the authors confirmed that the binding affinity of two Smad3 interacting proteins can be altered by Ang Ⅱ stimulation. These results suggested that Smad3 activation might be involved in Ang Ⅱ-induced fibrosis, and provided new clues for studying the regulatory mechanism of Smad3 in the Ang Ⅱ signaling pathway.
Keywords: molecular biology; Smad3; interacting proteins; proteomics; Angiotensin Ⅱ

Title: The rapid detection of low molecular mass proteins differentially expressed in the serum derived from the rats by electroacupuncture at stomach meridian using proteinchip technology

Authors: YAO Wen, YANG Zongbao, YAN Jie, CHANG Xiaorong, YI Shouxiang, YE Nengsheng
PP: 1684～1689
Abstract: Objective: To detect differentially expressed low mass proteins in the serum between normal rats and impaired gastric mucosal rats by electroacupuncture, and lay a experiment foundation to further explanation of the humoral mechanism of acupuncture effect. Methods: The differentially expressed low mass proteins in the serum were detected by SELDI-TOF-MS and WCX2 proteinchip technology, and primarily analyzed by Biomarker Wizard and Biomarker Patterns System software as well as bioinformatic method. Results: As compared to the normal rat’s serum, the serum of impaired gastric mucosal rat by acupuncture had 25 differentially expressed protein peaks respectively, 19 distinguished proteomic peaks were up-expressed and 6 distinguished proteomic peaks were down-expressed. Conclusion: There are obvious differentially expressed low mass proteins in the serum between normal rats and impaired gastric mucosal rats by electroacupuncture, which maybe have close relationship with the repair effect on gastric mucosal injury by electroacupuncture.
Keywords: science of acupuncture and moxibustion; surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry; electroacupuncture; gastric mucosal injury; serum proteomic

Title: The simulation of trabecular bone loss of femur due to weightlessness using finite element method

Authors: PENG Liang, SHANG Yu, BAI Jing
PP: 1678～1683
Abstract: The change of mechanical environment will significantly affect the bone remodeling during space aviation. In this study, the right femoral model was reconstructed based on the CT data. A new bone adaptation algorithm with “saturation area” was brought forward and used to simulate bone loss under weightlessness. The simulation was implemented by combining the finite element method and iteration process. The simulation results are consistent with the actual observation of bone loss caused by weightlessness. The longer duration of weightlessness will lead to the more bone loss. Besides that, different ratio of bone loss was found in different location. The bone loss is higher in proximal femur than that in middle and distal femur. Among this, the bone quality declines most in femoral neck. These findings are useful for further investigation of bone loss due to weightlessness and developing efficient countermeasure to retain bone mass.
Keywords: biomedical engineering; weightlessness; bone remodeling; bone loss; femur; finite element

Title: Effects of fornix transection on AVP expression in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rats

Authors: LIU Hong, HAN Fang, SHI Yuxiu
PP: 1674～1677
Abstract: Objective: To observe the changes of expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of fornix transection rats, and to investigate the effect of fornix transection on HPA axis. Methods: 45 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into fornix transection 0, 4, 7, 10 d groups and corresponding sham-operated groups and the normal group with 5 rats in each group. Set rats fornix transection models. The changes of expression and concentration of AVP in PVN of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry and analysis of images in each group. Results: The expression of AVP in the fornix transection group increased on 7 d and increased obviously on 10 d. There was only a little expression of AVP in PVN in the sham-operated groups and the normal group. Conclusion: The fornix transection can increase the expression of AVP and enhance the activity of HPA axis.
Keywords: anthropotomy and histoembryology; fornix transection; paraventricular nucleus; arginine vasopressin (AVP); hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; neuron

Title: Screening and discovering the specific enzymes proteins sequences from all protein sequences of Schistosoma japonicum by bioinformatics

Authors: HU Fei, LIU Wensheng, LV Zhiyue, ZHENG Huanqin, YU Xinbing, WU Zhongdao
PP: 1668～1673
Abstract: Objective: To discover the differential enzymes from all the public protein sequences of Schistosoma japonicum that show significant difference with human proteins in the sequence. Methods: All the protein sequences data about Homo sapiens and Schistosoma japonicum were downloaded from NCBI website and created local databases respectively. Using BLAST program, lower homologous sequences were searched, which E value was E-10 as threshold. Results: Totally 459 protein sequences of enzyme were recognized and classified into 45 sorts by enzymatic biologic function. Conclusion: The specific enzymes of Schistosoma japonicum have significant difference with those from human in protein sequence, which help throwing new light on vaccine candidates and drug targets for Schistosomiasis japonica.
Keywords: bioinformatics; genome; Schistosoma japonicum; enzyme

Title: A novel unscrambling of the complicated phenomena of T cell recognition

Authors: LUO Jing, LIU Yanming
PP: 1662～1667
Abstract: There are some special characteristics and antinomy phenomena in the complicated T cell antigen recognitions that involve the binding antigen peptide-major histocompatibility complex molecules (pMHC) through the T cell receptor (TCR) with co-receptor (CD4 or CD8). The characteristics and antinomy phenomena, were images of that there were some different recognition patterns and mechanisms in the pMHC recognitions of clone T cells. In a normal individual, a single naive CD4+ T cell recognizing pMHCs may have two different recognizing strategies or patterns, the canonical recognition and the combine recognition, with different physiological consequences. The canonical recognition with CD4 as a co-receptor, usually takes place in recognizing the homo-type pMHCs in which the MHC molecule is the original one during the T cell positive selective development. The canonical recognition forms recognizing monomers and results in recognizing tolerance. The combine recognition with CD4 as a linker, usually takes place in recognizing the hetero-type pMHCs in which the MHC molecule is not the positive selective one. The combine recognition forms a recognizing oligomer and results in multiplication and differentiation responses of the T cells. The complicated recognitions of T cells, which may make them identify the homo-type pMHC or ‘homo-phase’ cell from the hetero-type pMHC or ‘hetero-phase’ cell, have great significance of development biology.
Keywords: immunology; T cell receptor (TCR); recognition; MHC restriction; development biology

Title: The immune response against adenoviral vectors in human gene therapy

Authors: XU He, HE Qiong, WANG Yuedan
PP: 1656～1661
Abstract: Adenovirus (Ad) is a kind of DNA virus without envelop, and the most common ones are type Ad5 and Ad2. Adenoviral vector is obtained by deleting some parts of virus genome. Gene therapy is a kind of treatment, which is based on changing the genetic material. Recombinant adenoviral vectors (AdV), which has many advantages, such as big genome, high transduction rate, and high safety, is widely used in gene therapy. The immune response against vectors is a major problem which may affect the result of gene therapy. This article focuses on the characteristics of adenoviral vectors. The innate, adaptive immune responses against adenoviral vectors and also the immune response for repeated injection of AdV are reviewed.
Keywords: immunology; adenoviral vectors; primary immune response; adaptive immune response

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