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August 15,2016
Volume 9,Issue 15
Pages -
Subject Area:Food Nutriology,Biomechanics (including Biological Fluid Mechanics and Biorheology, etc.),Agricultural Engineering,Crop Genetics,Forest Tree Breeding,Forestry Remote Sensing,Forestry Engineering

Title: Isolation of Lactobacillus reuteri from rat Peyer’s patches and its effect on sIgA production

Authors: WANG Panpan, LI Ya, QI Ce, SHI Yonghui, LE Guowei, SUN Jin
PP: 1603-1616
Abstract: Objective: This study was focused on the effect of Peyer’s patch (PP) Lactobacillus reuteri in sIgA production of rats. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into control group (CT) and vitamin A deficent group (VAD) and fed for 6 weeks. Lactobacilli were isolated from normal rat PP. All isolates were L. reuteri belong to two phenotypes according to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Specific strain of each cluster, PP1 and PP2, were used to treat CT (CT+PP1, CT+PP2) and VAD (VAD+PP1, VAD+PP2) rats to 10th week, respectively. Fecal sIgA was determined with ELISA. sIgA distribution in colon mucosa was determined with immunohistochemistry. Terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP) and lactobacillus specific T-RFLP were used to analysis the fecal flora characteristics and lactobacillus differences between PP and ileum content (IC). Results: Fecal sIgA was significantly lower in VAD rats than control (P＜0.05) after 6 weeks. Both PP1 and PP2 increased beta diversity of intestinal flora no matter in CT and VAD rats. They significantly increased beta diversity of PP Lactobacillus only in CT rats. Fecal free sIgA was correlated with PP Lactobacillus diversity (R2=0.795 8, P=0.011) and with the occurrence of L. casei/L. paracasei, L. paraplantarum, L. acetotolerans, L. kefiranofaciens subsp. Kef., L. curvatus and L. sakei (R2=0.897 3, P=0.003). Conclusion: Modulation of sIgA production by PP L. reuteri is dependent on vitamin A and change of Lactobacillus diversity in PP.
Keywords: food nutriology; Peyer’s patch; vitamin A deficiency; terminal restriction fragment polymorphism; intestinal microflora

Title: Preparation for mouse gut microbiota extracellular DNA and fingerprint analysis

Authors: LI Ya, WANG Panpan, SUI Zifang, LE Guowei, SUN Jin
PP: 1593-1602
Abstract: Bacterial extracellular DNA (eDNA) plays important role in keeping gut immune homeostasis. Its composition is not known till now. Mucus layer eDNA was observed in situ with a laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscope after TOTO-1 staining on intestinal sections. Method for eDNA preparation was further optimized. And eDNA from control (CT) and high fat diet (HFD) treated C56BL/6J mice was prepared and its diversities were analyzed by (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, T-RFLP). The results revealed that eDNA was enriched in mucus layer. Mucus could be prepared using PBS containing 0.5 mmol•L-1 dithiothreitol (DTT). Then eDNA was obtained using two step phenol extraction. For eDNA specific T-RFLP, 16S rRNA gene should be amplified using 334F/939R primers, the PCR products should be treated with restriction endonuclease AluI and DdeI. Principal component analysis (PCA) of T-RFLP results revealed that eDNA was significantly different from intracellular DNA.
Keywords: food nutriology; mice; gut microbiota; extracellular DNA; T-RFLP

Title: Effects of n-HA/PA66 on the recovery of biomechanical properties for injured thoracolumbar vertebrae

Authors: SHEN Wei, LIN Feng, JIANG Xuemei
PP: 1587-1592
Abstract: Objective: In this paper, the effects of nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide-66 (n-HA/PA66) as the transpedicular graft material in biomechanical properties in treating thoracolumbar fractures was addressed, and we investigated the value of clinic application. Methods: Ten T12-L2 vertebrae were harvested from human cadavers and randomly devided into two groups: cancellous bone (CB) and n-HA/PA66 (NHP). We implanted the graft material after vertebral injure, measured the stiffness of functional units (T12-L2) and strain of L1 by using of self-designed fixture and material testing machine. Results: Our results show that, compared to CB, the stiffness of T12-L2 was significantly increased in NHP (P＜0.05), and the strain of L1 was significantly decreased (P＜0.05), demonstrating that NHP can better recover the biomechanical properties of injured vertebra. Conlusion: n-HA/PA66 is better than cancellous bone in mechanics for reconstruction of thoracolumber fractures, which has certain clinical value. However, n-HA/PA66 grafts alone can not recover the biomechanical properties of injured vertebra to that of intact vertebrae, so further studies are needed.
Keywords: biomechanics; n-HA/PA66; autogenous bone graft; thoracolumbar fracture

Title: Establishment of the third generation lentiviral vectors and construction of rat’s IRF1 recombinant lentivirus

Authors: GENG Manman, ZHU Wenhua, XU Jing, JIANG Congshan, WU Xiaoying, WANG Si, MENG Liesu, LÜ Shemin
PP: 1577-1586
Abstract: Objective: To establish the safe and stable third generation lentivirus package system and the construction of rat’s IRF1 recombinant lentivirus. Methods: 1) Roundly explored the third generation lentiviral vector (LV) package system about the transfection ratio of the vectors and transfection reagent by the overexpression plasmid with fluorescence which can be assayed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). Then we have optimized this system in cost saving and highest titers according to the characteristics of LV which can be integrated into host genome. 2) We designed the RNAi sequence targeted to rat’s IRF1 and screened out the interference sequence silenced the gene expression up to 70% and acquired the recombinant interference LV to rat’s IRF1 gene and assayed its titration. Results: 1) The stable third generation LV packaging system is successfully constructed and the titration assay method about the virus without fluorescence by real-time PCR is established. 2) The recombinant lentiviral vector targeted to rat’s IRF1 is constructed and the interference lentivirus is packaged, whose titration is also determined. Conclusions: 1) The third generation LV packaging system is successfully established. 2) The recombinant lentivirus targeted to rat’s IRF1 is acquired.
Keywords: molecular biology; the third generation lentiviral vectors; titration assay; IRF1

Title: Comparative study on gene cloning, tissue expression and structure of two vitamin D receptors in flounder

Authors: WANG Jiaqing, LI Zhengang, LI Shaoming, HAN Zongyuan
PP: 1569-1576
Abstract: Abstract: The action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active form of vitamin D, is mediated by their specific receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR), which controls the expression of hormonesensitive genes. VDR is an important factor in calcium homeostasis and bone development. To reveal the function of vitamin D and VDR of fish as well as the molecular structure of VDR, it is important to compare different subtype VDR molecules from the flounder. Flounder VDRa and VDRb share 82% identity at the nucleic acid level and 84% identity at the amino acid level. The expression profile analysis results showed that flounder VDRa and VDRb mRNA were both expressed in skin, intestine, gill and brain. In addition, VDRa in skin and VDRb in intestine weakly expressed but both VDRa and VDRb mRNA are undetectable in liver, which suggests that the two kinds of VDR are different types of receptors, and their distribution is tissue specific; Secondary structure analysis in 3´-UTR showed that there was a difference between the stem loop structure and the free energy of the two receptors; Homology modeling results showed that the VDRa and VDRb had similarity in three-dimensional structure but differences still existed. Elucidation of the differences in these structures will help us to further study the interaction between vitamin D receptor and vitamin D, and help to understand the 1,25(OH)2D3, VDR and calcium metabolism, so as to provide theory basis to clarify the mechanism in frequent skeletal malformation in flounder juvenile stage.
Keywords: molecular biology; flounder; vitamin D receptor; gene cloning; tissue expression; protein structure

Title: Isolation, identification of antagonistic bacteria strain C16 to corn sheath rot and cloning of its antagonistic gene

Authors: SUN Zhiying, JIN He, HAO Zhimin
PP: 1558-1568
Abstract: Abstract: As a new disease, the spread of corn sheath rot has made negative effects to the yield and quality of corn. A strain antagonistic to corn sheath rot was successfully obtained from the healthy cucumber rotational rhizosphere soil, named as C16. The morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization and molecular biological 16S rDNA method identified C16 to be Bacillus subtilis. PCR successfully validated antagonistic genes of C16 strain, including srfAA, srfAB, srfAC, fenA, fenB and ituB. By establishment of DNA library and comparison of amino acid sequences, fenA gene in C16 is significantly different from a non-Fengycin-producing whlie Plipastatin-producing strain B. subtilis 168; fenA in C16 is significantly similar with B. subtilis SG6 who has been reported to produce Fengycin and antagonistic to filamentous fungi strongly. Cloning of the full-length 11 kb gene fenA was successful in overlap PCR way.
Keywords: microbiology; corn sheath rot; Bacillus subtilis; fenA; gene cloning

Title: Agricultural sensor data collection and recovery method based on compressed sensing under the condition of data missing

Authors: LIU Feng
PP: 1553-1557
Abstract: In agricultural internet of things, because of the limitation of sensor’s energy, some efficient data collection methods should be designed and the hostile environments where the agricultural sensors are deployed often cause the failure of sensor data. To solve these problems, an agricultural sensor data collection and recovery method, which takes the sensor data failure into consideration, is proposed based on compressed sensing theory. In this method, firstly a random sample collecting matrix was used to collect the sensor data, which can collect much less samples than original sensor data and reduce the consumption of energy. Secondly, the 1-norm optimization algorithm was employed to recover the original data. In order to simulate the data failure phenomenon, some continuous sensor data were set to zero which indicates the failure of sensor data. The results show that by this method original sensor data can be recovered, and increasing the number of collected samples will reduce the recovery error. But when the number of collected samples exceeds certain threshold, the recovery error reduces slowly.
Keywords: agricultural mechanization engineering; sensor data compressive collection; sensor data recovery method; compressed sensing

Title: Analysis of water and nitrogen use efficiency for different ratio of soft rock and sand compound soil

Authors: WANG Huanyuan, HAN Jichang, CHENG Jie, TONG Wei, ZHANG Haiou
PP: 1541-1552
Abstract: The objective of this study was to quantify water and nitrogen use efficiencies (WUE and NUE) for different ratio of soft rock and sand compound soil, and to provide some suggestions on optimizing water and nitrogen management practice. In this study, three ratios of soft rock and sand compound soil were conducted in Dajihan county, Yulin city. After a water and nitrogen management model (WNMM) was calibrated and validated, the yields, amounts of drainage, N leaching, WUE and NUE for different ratios of soft rock and sand compound soil were all calculated. The results showed that, for 1:1, 1:2 and 1:5 compound soil, with decreasing soft rock content in compound soil, the evapotranspiration change was not significant, and water drainage was clearly increased. WUE could be up to 1.30 kg•m-3. N leaching and ammonia volatilization were the main pathways of nitrogen loss, and crop uptake was the main sink of N. NUE and fertilizer use efficiency could reach to 33.13, 24.93 kg•kg-1•N-1, respectively. Soft rock played an important role in improving WUE, NUE and fertilizer use efficiency.
Keywords: soil science; Mu Us sandland; soft rock; water and nitrogen management model; drainage; nitrogen leaching

Title: Comparative transcriptional analysis of two near-isogenic wheat lines of awn-inhibitor gene B1 using RNA-Seq

Authors: LI Dandan, GAO Yanan, BAO Yinguang, WANG Honggang, LI Xingfeng
PP: 1530-1540
Abstract: Awn is one of the most morphological characteristics of wheat and also acts as high effective organ for photosynthesis in spike. Gene B1, located on the wheat 5A chromosome, is the most obvious gene that inhibits awn-length development in wheat. In this study, two near-isogenic lines (NILs) with the only difference of awn-length, line SN051-1 (awned, b1b1) and line SN051-2 (awnless, B1B1), and their F1 hybrid and F2 populations were used for RNA-Seq analysis, in order to study the molecular mechanism of awn development. Approximately 48.06 Giga base pairs (Gbp) of clean data were generated, the Q30 values were higher than 85.01%. A total of 180 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparisons of the RNA-Seq data between SN051-2 vs. SN051-1 and F1 hybrid vs. SN051-1, with 56 up-regulated and 134 down-regulated genes, respectively. And 22 DEGs were identified by pairwise comparison with F2 data, with 4 up-regulated and 18 down-regulated genes, respectively. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) results proved that expression profiles of c18073.graph_c0, c55090.graph_c0 and c73118.graph_c0 in SN051-1 young spike is much higher than that in SN051-2 young spike, which was constant with the RNA-Seq data.
Keywords: plant breeding science, improved variety thremmatology; common wheat; awn; near isogenic lines; RNA-Seq; real time fluorescence quantitative PCR

Title: Cloning of rice blast resistance gene Pik1-H4 and its interaction protein screening

Authors: DONG Shuangyu, LIU Hao, WANG Hui, CHEN Zhiqiang, WANG Jiafeng
PP: 1521-1529
Abstract: Previous studies implied that high blast broad spectrum resistance of rice line H4 to Magnaporthe oryzae was mediated by one allele from Pik locus. To further figure out whether the resistance gene is Pik1-H4 and reveal the resistant mechanism of this gene, the coding sequence (CDS) of Pik1-H4 gene was cloned and a yeast two-hybrid screen was performed with a rice leaf cDNA library using Pik1-H4 as a bait. The results showed that the coding sequence of Pik1-H4 is 3.429 kb, which is high similar to that of Pikh-1 with two base-silent mutation. Six interaction proteins, including OsBIHD and OsCOL9 were identified from the yeast two-hybrid screen. Further results showed that Pik1-H4 can interact with OsBIHD but not with OsCOL9 in the cell nucleus in the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay. The study not only cloned the resistant gene Pik1-H4 but also provided new clues for understanding the mechanism of the Pik1-H4-mediated blast resistance.
Keywords: crop genetics; Pik1-H4; yeast two-hybrid; bimolecular fluorescence complementation; interaction protein

Title: Role of ethylene signaling on sphingolipid synthesis

Authors: WU Jianxin, WU Jiali, YIN Jian, YAO Nan
PP: 1514-1520
Abstract: Sphingolipids are primary endomembrane components in plants and other eukaryotes. However, little is known about the cross-talk between sphingolipid biosynthesis and plant hormone. Previous studies indicate that the fungal toxin Fumonisin B1 (FB1) inhibits ceramide synthase activity thus disrupting sphingolipid homeostasis. In this report, we analyzed the phenotypes and sphingolipid profiles of mutants in ethylene signaling before and after FB1 treatment. The results showed that the ethylene signaling deficient mutant ein2 was more sensitive to FB1, whereas the ethylene signaling constitutive activate mutant ctr1-1 was more resistance to FB1 than wild type. Sphingolipid profiles analysis showed long chain bases (LCB) and ceramides were much more accumulated in ein2 mutant, but less accumulated in ctr1-1. Moreover, treatment with the ethylene precursor ACC could significantly increase plant resistance to FB1, and antagonized FB1-induced sphingolipid accumulation. We conclude that ethylene plays an important role in sphingolipid synthesis.
Keywords: plant immunology; stress physiology; sphingolipid synthesis; ethylene; Fumonisin B1

Title: Isolation and transient expression analysis of PeDREB2 promoters from Populus euphratica Oliv.

Authors: CHEN Jinhuan, ZHANG Chong, WANG Houling, XIA Xinli, YIN Weilun
PP: 1507-1513
Abstract: In this study, the promoters of the PeDREB2 and PeDREB2L were isolated from the total DNA of Populus euphratica Oliv. by PCR and we analyzed the sequence of its nucleotide. The CaMV35S was replaced in pCAMBIA1304 with our cloned promoter by restriction and connection and we successfully constructed a plant expression vector. After infecting the Agrobacterium by transient expression analysis, the result of GUS activity and green fluorescent protein (GFP) imaging in the staining tissue indicated that the cloned sequences have the function of starting the downstream genes’ expression. The stress-induced cis-element component in the promoter region was also discussed and a potential new stress-induced promoter in plant gene engineering will be provided.
Keywords: tree breeding; Populus euphratica Oliv.; DREB; promoter activity; transient expression

Title: Comparison of remotely sensed forest burn severity estimation

Authors: JU Cunyong, LEI Chengliang, DI Xueying
PP: 1502-1506
Abstract: Multispectral satellite data is regarded as a useful tool for ecosystem change detection, especially the temporal difference of the same bands and indices were increasingly applied to estimate forest fire severity. In this paper, we compared the different popular methods of estimating burn severity in Kandu river burned area located in Daxing’anling mountains. The results showed that the quadratic polynomial model had the best accuracy among three models. The normalized burned ratio (NBR) performed better than the differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR) and relative dNBR. In addition, although the remote sensing data with different processed levels influenced on the accuracy of burn severity estimating model, but the effect of different processed levels on accuracy was small in terms of amount.
Keywords: forestry remote sensing; normalized burned ratio; model; forest burn severity

Title: Study on orderliness between Populus diversifolia trunk sap flow and bioelectronics characteristics

Authors: FAN Le, LI Lei, PEI Zhiyong, SHI Yumin
PP: 1495-1501
Abstract: The shortage of water resource is the reason that Populus diversifolia ebb, the moisture physiological index can be obtained real-time through monitoring device, the technical support can be provided for protection and rehabilitation of P. diversifolia. P. diversifolia trunk sap flow is the token of P. diversifolia moisture, trunk bioelectrical index is easy to monitor, and easy to influenced by trunk moisture. Through survey on the spot trunk sap flow and bioelectrical index, the incidence relationship of them is built. Trunk sap flow and bioelectrical index shows periodic change of unimodal curve, negative relationship, and distinct to different growing period and season, summer and autumn changes more than spring, middle Populus diversifolia’s trunk sap flow and bioelectrical index are more than old P. diversifolia. In regression analysis, polynomial relationship can be expected, coefficient of regression are high in middle P. diversifolia and low in old (correlation coefficient: 0.766 4/0.436 1). In general, that bioelectrical index is explained only by using trunk sap flow information is not complete, environment elements should be included. The result provides theoretical support for exploitation of wireless detection equipment about P. diversifolia moisture physiological index.
Keywords: forestry engineering; Populus diversifolia; sap flow; bioelectricity voltage

Title: A review of studies on the traditional Chinese garden water

Authors: LIN Jianwen, LIANG Jiang
PP: 1487-1494
Abstract: In traditional Chinese gardens, water is the most critical component and the key to organize spatial experiences. Understanding the pattern of water form is very important to inherit the essence of traditional Chinese culture and to improve the design quality of water space in modern gardens. On the whole, the domestic research on the traditional garden water has a wide distribution area and abundant research achievements. But it is common that the method in the research is too abstract and the results in it are too emotional. At the same time, the mathematical theories have been gradually applied to domestic studies in the field of traditional garden and other related areas because of the scientific and rational characteristics. In this paper, the researches of traditional landscape pond type and the mathematical analysis using in the landscape in recent years are analyzed. The content, characteristics, methods of them are summarized, and the shortcomings of the present study are pointed out. At last, some prospects of the methods and ideas in the future researches are tried to put forward.
Keywords: landscape architecture engineering; traditional Chinese garden; review; water body; mathematical analysis

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