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February 15,2016
Volume 9,Issue 3
Pages -
Subject Area:Food Processing Technology,Food Additives Technology,Agricultural Engineering,Crop Physiology,Biotechnology,Cell Biology

Title: Evaluation of bacterial contamination in infant formula using PacBio SMRT technology

Authors: ZHENG Yi, SUN Zhihong, ZHANG Heping
PP: 300-307
Abstract: The bacterial contamination of 30 infant formula samples (12 of the domestic and 18 of import) was investigated by Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) technology of the full length 16S rRNA gene. The major contaminants were Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Anoxybacillus, Lactobacillus, Solibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. The relative abundances of the detectable bacterial contaminants varied between the domestic and imported infant formula. Higher amounts of Bacillus cereus and Geobacillus stearothermophilus present in the samples may reflect the degree of preheating and the triggering of bacterial spore germination and growth. Our study has demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of using the SMRT sequencing system in detecting the bacterial contamination in dairy infant formula, which would be of interest to the food industry for effective monitoring of microbial food quality and safety during production.
Keywords: other subjects of food processing technology; infant formula; bacterial contamination; 3rd generation sequencing technology

Title: Study on technology of combined superheated steam and vacuum of drying potato

Authors: WEI Qi, LIU Mingxin, LU Ye, CHEN Jinquan, FANG Ting
PP: 294-299
Abstract: The potato powder was made by superheated steam combined with vacuum drying (SSD-VD) process in this paper. The article focused on investigating how the three factors including the temperature of superheated steam drying (105, 110, 115℃), conversion time (20, 25, 30 min) and the temperature of vacuum drying (60, 70, 80℃) influenced the quality of potato powder, which consists of total powder recovery rate, shrinkage rate, content of Vitamin C and sensory evaluation. On the basis of single factor experiment, the technical parameters of SSD-VD of drying potato were optimized through the L9(34) orthogonal experiment design. The results revealed that the best drying conditions are when the temperature is 105℃ for SSD, conversion time is 30 min, and temperature is 70℃ for VD. With the technical formula, the potato powder would have best color and reconstitution properties.
Keywords: food processing technology; potato; superheated steam drying; vacuum drying

Title: Groove binding interaction between 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and calf thymus DNA

Authors: XIA Kaixin, ZHANG Guowen
PP: 284-293
Abstract: The interaction between 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) in vitro was investigated by multispectroscopic methods containing ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-vis), fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared apectroscopy (FT-IR) with molecular modeling under simulate physiological conditions (pH=7.4). The 2,4-D caused little change in melting temperature and viscosity of ctDNA, and the competition experiments of ethidium bromide (EB) and acridine orange (AO) confirmed that the groove binding occurred between 2,4-D and ctDNA. Analysis of the FT-IR and CD spectra indicated that 2,4-D preferentially bound to adenine and thymine bases, and perturbed the base stacking and double helix of ctDNA, leading to a transformation from the B-form of ctDNA to A-form, and the molecular docking further verified the results of experiments and intuitively showed the binding pose of 2,4-D with ctDNA. Additionally, the gel electrophoresis results indicated that 2,4-D did not induce any obvious cleavage of supercoiled pUC18 plasmid DNA.
Keywords: food additives technology; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; calf thymus DNA; binding mode; spectroscopy; molecular modeling

Title: In situ measuring soil ice content with a combined use of dielectric tube sensor and neutron moisture meter in a common access tube

Authors: CHENG Qiang, SUN Yurui, QIN Yulong, XUE Xuzhang, CAI Xiang, SHENG Wenyi, ZHAO Yandong
PP: 275-283
Abstract: For monitoring soil water dynamics in cold regions, the major concerns are not only liquid soil water content (LSWC) and total soil water content (TSWC), but soil ice content (SIC) as well. The field determination of SIC is more challenging than that of LSWC or TSWC and no practical method has been found. This study presents a method that combined a neutron moisture meter (NMM) with a dielectric tube sensor (DTS) lowered in a common access PVC-tube, in which NMM was for determining TSWC and DTS was for LSWC. Consequently, the absolute difference was of SIC. The proposed method was tested in an agricultural field over the winter of 2011-2012. Field calibration and a cross-check showed that DTS and NMM measurements in the common access PVC-tube were very similar (R2=0.950 3, RMSE= 0.019 7 cm3穋m-3) to the volumetric soil water contents (VSWCs) ranging from 0.05 to 0.40 cm3穋m-3. More importantly, the results of overall experimental period confirmed that both sensors had the same responses in the unfrozen layers but different responses in the frozen layers. Based on this, we transformed the measurements of both sensors into SIC. Furthermore, for characterizing the SIC dynamics during the overall experimental period, we presented the curve-based results and the map-based results, respectively. These results verified that the proposed method is feasible to determine the SIC profiles in situ with a major advantage that allows both probes lowering multiple access PVC-tubes at the field scale.
Keywords: agricultural engineering; soil ice content; liquid soil water content; total soil water content; PVC-tube; field determination

Title: Analysis of the characteristics of agricultural sensor data

Authors: LIU Feng
PP: 270-274
Abstract: To design the efficient missing sensor data estimation algorithms, in order to find out the characteristics of agricultural sensor data, firstly, different types of sensor data are respectively transformed from time-space domain to discrete cosine transformation (DCT) domian where the characteristics of these data are analyzed. Secondly, the relationships between different types of sensed object are described through calculating the correlation coefficients of different types of sensor data. The results show that the correlation of the same type of sensor data samples is more obvious in DCT domain than in time-space domain, and the strength of correlation between different types of sensor data is different. Consequently, the correlation of the same type of sensor data samples and the correlation between different types of sensor data can be used to design missing sensor data estimation algorithm.
Keywords: agricultural engineering; agricultural internet of things; sensor data analysis; discrete cosine transformation; correlation coefficient

Title: A novel method to determine the volume of sensitivity for soil moisture sensors

Authors: SUN Yurui, CHENG Qiang, ZHAO Yandong, XUE Xuzhang, LAMMERS Peter Schulze, DAMEROW Lutz
PP: 264-269
Abstract: This study presented a novel method to determine the volume of sensitivity (VOS) for dielectric sensors by frozen soil columns radially thawing from outside inward. The method is based on physical equivalence of the dielectric properties between soil drying-wetting and freezing-thawing transitions. We applied this method to determine/compare: 1) The VOSs of two types of fringing field probes (tube type and cone type) with sandy silt loam samples at a middle level of soil moisture content (θv= 0.20 cm3·cm-3). 2) The VOSs of the cone-type probe with sandy silt loam samples at three levels (θv= 0.10, 0.20, 0.28 cm3·cm-3). 3) The VOSs of the tube type probe with three soil textural samples (sand, sandy silt loam and silty clay). The determined radii of the cone-type sensor ranged from 3.0 cm to 4.1 cm and those of the tube-type sensor ranged from 5.1 cm to 8.5 cm. These results could be beneficial for improving the technical design of soil dielectric sensors and understanding the effect of soil physical properties on the VOS.
Keywords: agricultural engineering; soil moisture sensors; soil water content; volume of sensitivity

Title: Study on the effect of ammonium nitrogen on morphology, physiology and biochemistry of tea root in the process of cuttage

Authors: DONG Yuhui, ZHOU Bo, HAN Xiaoyang
PP: 258-263
Abstract: The effects on cuttage rooting of tea tree in different concentrations of ammonium nitrogen were studied in the sand culture. The changes of morphology, physiology and biochemistry were determined during the development process in different concentrations of ammonium nitrogen. As a result, the time of cuttage rooting had little difference among the treatments, but the number of adventitious root, callus rate, rooting rate were the highest in low N treatment. However, the root length was the highest in the high N treatment. The content of water, soluble protein, soluble sugar, starch, total N, C/N had no significant differences during 0-20 d, but the indexes of low N treatment were significantly higher than the high N treatment except for total N, while the total N was the highest in the high N treatment during 20-60 d. The enzyme activities of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in low N treatment were higher than those in the high N treatment. Therefore, the development of cuttage rooting of tea tree could be promoted by properly reducing the content of ammonium nitrogen.
Keywords: tea science; ammonium nitrogen; root morphology; physiology and biochemistry

Title: Constuction of random insertion mutant library of Fusarium graminearum

Authors: HOU Yiping, ZHOU Mingguo
PP: 253-257
Abstract: In this paper, the mutation library of Fusarium graminearum Y2021A inserted randomly by hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) was constructed. The protoplast of strain Y2021A was prepared and the DNA fragments of hph was transformed to Y2021A to obtain the randomly inserted mutations. 10 163 mutations inserted by hph were totally obtained, 10 125 out of which considered as positive mutations could grow normally on PSA plate containing 100 mg/L hygromycin B. Southern blotting assay showed that the hph gene inserted different sites in the genome by one copy in five rondomly selected mutants. Five mutants whose pathogenicity significantly reduced were selected and they were the important materials for studying pathogenicity related genes. The mutant library is the precious resouce for studying pathogenicity mechanism and others of F. graminearum.
Keywords: phytopathology; Fusarium graminearum; mutant library; pathogenicity

Title: Integrated restoration and utilization of saline alkali soil in Songnen plain

Authors: WANG Minghua, LI Ming, ZHEN Shanji, WEI Wen
PP: 244-252
Abstract: In this paper, we analyzed the formation reasons of soda saline alkali soil in Songnen plain, the migration mechanism of saline alkali in soil and the barrier mechanism of saline alkali, and suggested that we should reform the cropping system in accordance with the ecological law and scientific assembly cultivation technique system to establish a set of saline alkali soil integrate restoration high yielding cultivation technology system which includes straw coverage technology to control the soil moisture as the core, soil amendment technique, soil subsoiling technique to regulate soil physical and chemical properties, planting salt tolerant varieties, special foliar fertilizer technique and plant growth regulators (PGRs) technique to further regulate crop growth, which is to realize the unification of economic, social and ecological benefits.
Keywords: crop physiology; Songnen plain; review; salinization; barrier mechanism; integrated restoration

Title: Autism spectrum disorder children’s visual observation in socialized scenes

Authors: ZHANG Ying, SUN Yuhao, WANG Zhe
PP: 235-243
Abstract: This paper distinguished the different state of social scene, focusing on comparing visual scanning pattern in familiar social scenes with familiar own-age children between the preschool children group with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the control group of typically developing children. The study provides children in one of four different social status to find out the differences and similarities of children between the two groups when scanning social scenes. The results showed that: 1) ASD children didn’t show face preference like the control, they didn’t distinguish faces from bodies. Face has become a deep processing area like “expertise area” for the control while ASD children failed to get the same expertise skills; 2) The control spent less time on looking at others while more time on the faces looked by others, they showed normal joint attention ability. However ASD children had decreased time on looking at others’s face while failed to increase time on faces looked by others, they have the ability to detect gaze sight but failed to show following to target object.
Keywords: applied psychology; autism spectrum disorder; social scenes; eye-tracking

Title: Lentiviral vector construction, expression & purification from stably transfected cell line of human CD7 extracellular domain

Authors: LI Jialu, TANG Jinle, YU Yuan, YANG Lin
PP: 228-234
Abstract: In order to screen monoclonal antibody or nanobody targeting CD7 protein with natural conformation, it is necessary to obtain glycosylated CD7 antigen by establishing secretory stable mammalian cell line, which will accelerate the purification of CD7 antigen as well. Accordingly, total RNA was isolated from CD7 positive Jurkat cells, and human CD7 extracellular domain (CD7-EX) fragment was obtained by RT-PCR. Then, recombinant expression lentiviral vector with His taqs was constructed as pCDH-CMV-copGFP-CD7-EX, and 293T cells were transduced with the recombinant lentivirus which was named as 293T-GFP-CD7-EX. The supernatant from serum free culture medium of transduced 293T cells was performed affinity purification, by which the recombinant CD7-EX protein was successfully prepared by affinity chromatography and examined by Coomassie brilliamt blue staining. Furthermore, the His-CD7-EX fusion protein was proved by Western blotting assay with anti-His. Taken together, a secretory CD7-EX expressing stable cell line of 293T-GFP-CD7-EX was established which lays a foundation to prepared recombinant glycosylated CD7 antigen for antibody screening in the future.
Keywords: protein engineering; CD7 extracellular domain (CD7-EX); stable cell line; eukaryotic expression; protein purification

Title: Clone of protopanaxatriol synthase gene CYP6H during ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax quinquefolius and functional analysis

Authors: WANG Le, ZHAO Shoujing
PP: 219-227
Abstract: Degenerate primers designed by comparing with conserved sequence region of the genes published on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Panax ginseng CYP716A53v2 (GenBank number JX036031), P. notoginseng protopanaxatriol synthase gene CYP450 (GenBank number GU997670), we cloned a protopanaxatriol synthase gene CYP6H from P. quinquefolius for the first time by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The P-BLAST search and phylogenetic tree revealed that CYP6H was a P450 gene and the deduced amino acid sequence of CYP6H shared extremely high similarity with other protopanaxatriol synthase. Identification of functional analysis was conducted by heterologous expression, using genetic recombination recombinant expression vector pAUR123-CYP6H, we transfected into Saccharomyces cerevisiae to construct recombinant yeast. Ectopic expression of CYP6H in recombinant S. cerevisiae resulted in the production of protopanaxatriol with added exogenous protopanaxadiol. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) result revealed that CYP6H was protopanaxatriol synthase gene in P. quinquefolius (GenBank accession No. KC190491). RNA interferences component pBI121-CYP6H-RNAi and overexpression component pBI121-CYP6H-overexpression of CYP6H were constructed based on vector pBI121, then we converted Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 recombinant engineering bacteria and infected P. quinquefolius to harvest P. quinquefolius hairy roots, ginsenoside content was analysed by HPLC to confirm the function of CYP6H in ginsenoside biosynthesis.
Keywords: bioengineering; P450; heterologous expression; protopanaxatriol; functional analysis

Title: Constructing GPD2 gene silencing expression vector for Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Authors: WANG Bin, SU Qiuqiong, FENG Jiale, YE Xiaodan, XUE Ting, CHEN Youqiang
PP: 213-218
Abstract: According to the principle of the 5′-UTR of secondary structure hindering gene transcription, we constructed antisense RNA gene silencing fragment SGPD2 for Saccharomyces cerevisiae GPD2 gene 5'-UTR based on the method of PCR．Expression vector pUPST of S. cerevisiae was preserved in our laboratory. We built GPD2 gene silence express carrier pUPT-SGPD2, with SGPD2 gene fragments and S. cerevisiae expression vector pUPST by restriction enzymes enzyme digestion and T4 ligase connection. The construction of pUPT-SGPD2 gene silence express vector provided the foundation for the ethanol production of S. cerevisiae GPD2 silence strains research.
Keywords: molecular biology; antisense RNA; 3-phosphate glycerol dehydrogenase; GPD2 gene; Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Title: Plant drought response evokes CML20, a calmodulin-like protein of Arabidopsis thaliana

Authors: WU Xiaomeng, LI Chunlong, QIAN Jingmei, ZHENG Yu, ZHANG Wei
PP: 205-212
Abstract: Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses in restraining of plant growth and development as well as crop yields. To screen the plant drought responsive genes and elucidate their functional molecular mechanism will be essentially needed for development of stress-tolerant, water-efficient agriculture. In the current study, the CML20, a member of Arabidopsis calmodulin-like proteins was found to be negatively involved in abscisic acid (ABA) guard cell signaling and plant drought response. CML20 was ubiquitously expressed in a serial of tissues, including roots, leaves and flowers, and especially with a high expression in guard cells. The CML20 was Ca2+-binding protein and subcellularly localized in cytosol. Physiological experiments showed that the cml20, the loss-of-function mutant of CML20, was hypersensitive to ABA regulated stomatal movements than wild type and thus to diminish water loss to enhance the plant drought tolerance. All presented data demonstrated that CML20 may function as a negative regulator in ABA guard cell signaling and plant drought response.
Keywords: cell biology; stomatal movements; guard cell; abscisic acid; drought stress

Title: Research progress on the role of caveolin-1 in stem cells function

Authors: BAI Lin
PP: 200-204
Abstract: Caveolin-1 is a protein in the plasma membrane invaginations. caveolin-1 is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes, including cholesterol regulation, cell signaling, cell growth, tumor and endocytosis etc. In this paper, we summarized the role of caveolin-1 in the regulation of embryonic stem cells, hemopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells proliferation and differentiation. The regulatory effect of caveolin-1 on stem cells in the treatment of stem cells and regenerative medicine was reviewed.
Keywords: cell biology; caveolin-1; review; stem cell; proliferation; differentiation

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