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June 30,2015
Volume 8,Issue 12
Pages -
Subject Area:Applied Meteorology (Concrete Application ? Relevant Subjects),Atmospheric Sciences,Geodesy,Human Geography (including Regional Grography, Tourism Geography, other Subjects),Geography,Geology

Title: Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of precipitation concentration degree and precipitation concentration period in the Yangtze River Delta

Authors: MIN Jinzhong, ZHANG Hengxing, SUN Weiguo
PP: 1333-1343
Abstract: Based on the daily precipitation data from 33 weather stations in the Yangtze River Delta from 1960 to 2011 and the grid data of NCEP/NCAR, through trend analysis, wavelet analysis and correlation analysis also employed, this article aims to analyze the characteristics of spatial and temporal distributions and variations of the precipitation concentration degree (PCD) and precipitation concentrated period (PCP) in the Yangtze River Delta over rainy season. The results show that the average PCD is 0.27 and the average PCP is 36.5 pentads. The spatial distribution of PCD and PCP gradually increased from south to north in contrast with the distribution of precipitation during the rainy season. In the temporal of precipitation, PCD and PCP display a increasing trend, which present more evidently in the middle and eastern regions. The interannual and decadal variation of PCD and PCP have the quasi-biennial, 3 to 4 years, 8 years and 16 years period oscillation with precipitation. There is a positive relationship between PCD, PCP and precipitation over the Yangtze River Delta during rainy season. It is found that the spatial distribution of PCD in the year with more precipitation is obviously different from the less one. In the higher PCD years, the atmospheric circulation background shows that the anomaly positive of Mongolian high pressure and the subtropical high over western Pacific westwards. There are obvious cyclonic convergence and abundant moisture transport near the Yangtze River Delta in the higher PCD years which are opposite in the lower PCD years.
Keywords: applied meteorology; precipitation concentration degree; precipitation concentration period; spatial and temporal distributions; atmospheric circulation

Title: Analysis on the spatial and temporal variations of visibility in the Yangtze River Delta from 1981 to 2012

Authors: ZHOU Yin, GONG Shaoqi, SHI Jianqiao
PP: 1324-1332
Abstract: Using air horizontal visibility and meteorological observations of from 24 surface meteorological stations from January 1981 to February 2013, the spatial and temporal variations of visibility over the Yangtze River Delta and its response relationships with meteorological factors have been analyzed in virtue of 5-year moving average, Mann-Kendall rank statistics, regression analysis and spatial analysis. The results show that the annual mean visibility was 11.4 km during 1981-2012 with the maximum value of 12.5 km in 2000 and the minimum value of 10.6 in 2007. Significant and obvious decreasing trend of the visibility could be found with linear trend rate -0.19 km/10a in the past 32 years, while there was a pronounced decrease phase from 2000 to 2012 at a rate of -0.66 km/10a. The seasonal characteristics show that the mean visibility in summer was the highest, followed by that in autumn and spring and the lowest was in winter. Decreasing trends of the visibility were found in the four in the four seasons, but the seasonal difference in visibility was evident, and decreasing amplitude in season was winter, autumn, summer and spring. It indicated that there was no significant mutation of visibility during 1981-2012, and only transition occurred in 2002 from increase to decrease. The visibility in the Yangtze River Delta was under the distribution of increasing gradually from west to east, which was higher in the coastal areas than that in inland. There was a pronounced decrease phase in the 1980s and quasi-stational phase in the 1990s, and slow increase but significant decline in local areas in the early 21th century. The results of statistic analysis indicated that in spring, autumn and winter, there was negative correlation between visibility and temperature, vapor pressure and relative humidity, but positive correlation between visibility and wind speed, sunshine percentage and surface pressure, while the relationships between visibility and meteorological factors in summer were more complicated. The visibility was mainly affected by sunshine percentage, vapor pressure, wind speed and mean temperature.
Keywords: atmospheric sciences; visibility; Yangtze River Delta; multiple regression analysis; spatial-temporal variations

Title: Analysis of extreme temperature events and its causes in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Authors: CHEN Fangyuan，SUN Weiguo，ZHANG Wenqi
PP: 1313-1323
Abstract: Based on the daily temperature data collected from 23 meteorological stations in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data during 1960 to 2013, the variations of extreme temperature of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its relationships with the atmospheric circulation were analyzed using the methods of conventional statistics and wavelet analysis. The results show that in past 54 years, the TN10 days show a decrease trend but the TX10 days had no significant trends; The TN90 days show increasing trend and TX90 days are increased in most parts of the region. The frequency of extreme high temperature increased and the frequency of extreme low temperature decreased. The trend of extreme low temperature changed faster than that of extreme high temperature. The events of extreme low temperature appear at the periods of 2-4 years and 16 years and the events of extreme high temperature appear at the periods of 2-4 years, 6-8 years and 16 years. Analysis makes it known that the adjustment of atmospheric circulation on middle and high latitudes has a significant effect on the change of extreme temperature of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. When the North China is in the control of cold low pressure of atmosphere, trough of the low pressure brought the strong cold northwest airflow to Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, which is conductive to the formation of extreme low temperature events in the region and extreme high temperature evens is difficult to happen. Otherwise, when the North China is in the control of warm high pressure of atmosphere, the frequency of extreme high temperature events would increase and extreme low temperature is difficult to form in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region due to the ridge of warm high atmosphere cut down the cold airflow from the Arctic polar.
Keywords: atmospheric sciences; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region; extreme temperature; spatial and temporal variation; atmospheric circulation

Title: Data collection and display system design of micro attitude heading reference system based on Mti-g

Authors: SUN Wei, LI Ruibao, DING Wei, YAN Huifang
PP: 1305-1312
Abstract: In view of the increasing demand trend of timeliness, reliabitity and operating convenience of dynamic mapping technology for mobile carrier attitude information, combined with the latest developments of inertial technology, position data acquisition, processing and display system based on the Mti-g micro inertial navigation were designed. Using the MSComm control which belongs to microsoft foundation classes (MFC) serial communication real-time technology, real-time data acquisition of the Mti-g data is completed. The quaternion method is adopted to update the strapdown inertial navigation system matrix in order to complete the calculation of carrier attitude angle. By taking advantage of open graphics library (OPENGL) graphics editor technology, two-dimensional real-time curve, the three dimensional dynamic display function of the carrier attitude algorithm of data are obtained. Finally the software design is validated with experiment results of reasonable feasibility.
Keywords: geodesy; Mti-g; micro-inertial navigation system; microsoft foundation classes; open graphics library; quaternion

Title: Evaluation of provinces’ tourism slogans based on USP theory

Authors: FAN Xiaomin, CHEN Jing, LIN Yaoyun, LI Shan
PP: 1297-1304
Abstract: The paper optimized the improved unique selling proposition (USP) theory previously proposed. Based on the 5 classes of division standard, the second class can be subdivided into 4 subclasses which is the basis of standard to categorize 34 provinces’ tourism slogans in China. The analysis results show that the first class of slogans are commendatory words, which reflect no proposition of the tourism destination image, such as Anhui, Jilin and Shanxi’s. The second class of slogans have common proposition, but not unique, such as Xinjiang, Guangxi autonomous regions and other 18 provinces. which can further subdivide into 4 subclasses, namaly hidden intension, propositional, pan modification, weak association. The third class of slogans have unique proposition and take no consideration of the target market interest, such as Zhejiang, Hainan and other 8 provinces. Slogans in areas of Chongqing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Taiwan belong to the fourth class with prominent attraction and good propaganda effect which are worth learning. The fifth class of slogans have no special meaning and ambiguous, such as Macao. The paper gives the evaluation and suggestions for improvement based on the classification.
Keywords: human geography; tourism image; unique selling proposition theory; tourism marketing; advertising slogan

Title: Studies of urban street vendors’ significance and spatiotemporal characteristics

Authors: HUANG Gengzhi, WU Yiran, XUE Desheng
PP: 1287-1296
Abstract: Based on the materials drawn from semi-structural interviews with street vendors in Guangzhou, it is argued that the existence of street vending not only contributes to the alleviation of urban unemployment, but also enable urban laborers to pursue a free work style, take care of their family, operate independent business and support their family livelihoods. It further shows that the distribution of street vendors is characterized by both temporal discontinuity and spatial unevenness. Moreover, for different types of street vendors, there are differences in the spatiotemporal characteristics. The formation of such spatiotemporal characteristics is influenced by the factors including market, transportation cost, relevant interest groups, government regulation and the vendors themselves. In conclusion, this paper argues that the government should adopt a positive attitude toward street vending because it contributes to the development of rapid urbanization.
Keywords: human geography; informal sectors; street vendors; significance; spatiotemporal characteristics

Title: Conceptual framework establishment of land use-based ecological storage

Authors: ZHANG Jianjun，XU Qin，LUO Guangfang
PP: 1281-1286
Abstract: From the points of view of broad and narrow senses, we analyzed the connotations and characteristics of time, space and flow-structure scales and four characteristics of ecological storage including dynamics, openness, localization and uncertain flow. Based on that, we established the conceptual framework of ecological storage from the three aspects which are subjects, carriers and scales. Meanwhile, we discussed the whole operating process of ecological storage containing core links, driving forces and effects. This study emphasizes the integrated expression of ecological storage information of multi-scales, different structures and types, which can recognize their operating relationships on global level and promote regional sustainable development.
Keywords: geography; ecological storage; land use; conceptual framework; scale

Title: Effects of climatic changes and human activities on the streamflow in the upper reaches of Shiyang river

Authors: LI Peng, XU Jianhua, CHEN Zhongsheng, ZHAO Benfu
PP: 1270-1280
Abstract: Based on the hydrological and meteorological data of the upper reaches of Shiyanghe river basin from 1960 to 2009 and using slide t detection method, accumulative anomaly and multi-regression methods, we analyzed the long-term trends of streamflow and climate change in the upper reaches of Shiyang river basin, and explored the contributive ratio affecting runoff by human activities and climate changes. The results show that: 1) During the past 50 years, the temperature has a significant increasing trend and precipitation slightly increases but the trend is not significant, while the potential evaporation increased significantly. 2) The annual runoff variation tendency overall descends slowly, yet not significantly. However, there are obvious mutations in 1975, 1990 and 2002, in which the annual runoff frequently fluctuated. 3) The runoff variation is influenced both by the climate changes and human activities, climate variations accounted for 45% of decrease in streamflow from 1976 to 2009, while human activities accounted for 55%. Therefore, human activities play a dominant influence on the decline of the streamflow in the upper reaches of the Shiyang river.
Keywords: geography; climate changes; human activities; runoff; contribution rate; Shiyang river basin

Title: Mining subsidence dynamic simulation based on cellular automata

Authors: JI Longjian, ZHOU Rongfu
PP: 1263-1269
Abstract: Cellular automata has been used to simulate the mining subsidence and expect the subsidence state. The evolution process of mining subsidence was analyzed with the simulation experiment of one mine to anticipate subsidence state. The results show that the cellular automata can be used to simulate the evolution process of mining subsidence and can be combined with traditional prediction methods for a reference of predicting the future state of surface subsidence.
Keywords: geography; cartography and geography information system; cellular automata; mining subsidence; simulation

Title: Development characteristics of coal and oil shale symbiotic combination in graben basin

Authors: WANG Dongdong, LI Zengxue, LÜ Dawei, LIU Haiyan, WANG Pingli, FENG Tingting
PP: 1252-1262
Abstract: Graben basin coal and oil shale symbiotic combination types, metallogenic mechanism and occurrence law were studied in this paper. By studying and comparing many factors, such as on-the-spot investigation, experimental test, the microscopic observation, core column, tectonic evolution, results are found. There are four main types of direct contact symbiotic combination of coal and oil shale as follows (strata from top to bottom): coal/oil shale combination, oil shale/coal combination, oil shale/coal/oil shale combination and coal a/oil shale/coal combination. Coal-forming material and oil shale ore-forming material are different, but they have overlapping parts, especially at the transition area the organic matter type along with the percentage of them presents a transition state. Background of the basin tectonic evolution controls the overall characteristics of the basin filling to provide the external condition of coal and oil shale symbiosis while the episodic tectonic activity of the fault basin and basin tectonic evolution background lead to the change of the basin water system, making the basin material basis, sedimentary environment change and leading to a cycle from coal and oil shale metallogenic environment development. Ancient climate characteristics determine the development of coal and oil shale metallogenic raw material. We find that in graben basin, the differences of tectonic evolution, sedimentary facies, ancient climate, ore-forming materials and property of water phase, lead to different combination type, thickness and quality characteristics of coal and oil shale symbiotic combination.
Keywords: sedimentology; coal and oil shale symbiotic combination; comparative study; graben basin

Title: Impact zoning of historical earthquake on geohazards at the Gansu segment in the Bailongjiang river basin, China

Authors: BA Ruishou, LIANG Shouyun
PP: 1243-1251
Abstract: By analyzing the data of historical earthquakes and geohazards at the Gansu segment of Bailongjiang river basin where seismic actions and geohazards were frequent in China, the Ms of 5.0 and intensity degree of Ⅵ were set as the minimum magnitude and intensity degree of earthquake induced geohazards, respectively. The intensity degree of Ⅵ and higher degrees of historical earthquakes were weighted stack by GIS combined with factors superposition method. The results show that the proportions of very high, high, moderate and low influence area are 16.5%, 30.0%, 28.0% and 30.5% of the total area, respectively; with the decrease of historical earthquakes’ impact, the geohazards quantity and density in each influence area are overall attenuated gradually, which reveals that the geohazards are strongly affected by historical earthquakes’ superimposed effect. The results of impact zoning can provide a reference for assessment and prevention of regional geohazards.
Keywords: geology; earthquakes superimposed effect; geographic information system; geohazards

Title: Cenozoic tectonic stress field characteristics and its control to hydrocarbon accumulation in Qingdong Sag

Authors: LI Wei, YANG Zhifeng, HAN Shuai, JIA Haibo
PP: 1232-1242
Abstract: After using two dimension finite element method to implement numerical simulation on the cenozoic paleo-tectonic stress field of Qingdong Sag, the difference and space distribution regularity of tectonic stress field in Cenozoic different geological history stages were analyzed. Furthermore, the relationship between the tectonic stress field characteristics and hydrocarbon migration was discussed. The results showed that in Kongdian and the lower forth stage of the Shahejie period, Qingdong Sag was located in N(N)E-S(S)E tensional stress field, the strikes of the main faults were NW and EW. Tanlu fault sinistral strike slip was weak and the tension effect was stronger than that of the strike slip. During the above period of Qingdong, Sag experienced structural transformation. From the upper forth stage to the second stage of the Shahejie period, Qingdong Sag was located in N(N)W-S(S)E tensional stress field. Tanlu fault became dextral strike slip and the strike slip and tension were both strong. During the first stage of the Shahejie and Dongying period, Qingdong Sag was located in dextral shear stress field and the regional tension of the basin became weaker. At the end of Dongying period, Qingdong Sag was located in dextral compressive tectonic stress field, Tanlu fault transformed from dextral tension into dextral compression. Between the Guantao and the Minghuazhen period, the dextral shear and tension of the Tanlu fault became weak. Under the and N-S, N(N)W-S(S)E major principal stress, within the key period of hydrocarbon accumulation, the favorable hydrocarbon zones of Qingdong Sag generated oil and gas and then migrated respectively towards west slope zone, transitional zone and east strike slip belt. And now the hydrocarbon favorable accumulation zones of Qingdong Sag is in the low tension value and high shear stress value zones of the minimum principal stress.
Keywords: geology; paleo-tectonic stress fields; numerical simulation; hydrocarbon accumulation; Qingdong Sag

Title: Sedimentary microfacies and reservoir heterogeneity of the Shajie Formation in fault-block wen 79

Authors: FAN Zhongli，ZHANG Jinliang，ZHANG Guangxue，LIU Longlong
PP: 1226-1231
Abstract: Based on geological background and data of drilling and logging well and seismic, sedimentary characteristics and facies marker of the study area has been studied through detailed core observation. It is recognized that distributive fluvial system is developed during the lower of the second member of Shajie Formation, which includes microfacies of channel full sediment, near overtopping sediment, farther overtopping, sediment and alluvial lake, where distributary channel and mouth bar provide more reservoir spaces. Several research methods such as core property tests, thin section analysis and logging data interpretation have been used to study the reservoir heterogeneity. It comes to the conclusion that inner layer heterogeneity is medium to strong and plane heterogeneity is strong, while interlayer heterogeneity is weak. The view that plane heterogeneity is controlled by planar distribution of sand bodies and facies is confirmed by building three-dimensional geology model and physical property models to observe plane distribution feature on sedimentary sand bodies and reservoirs.
Keywords: geology; fault-block wen 79; distributive fluvial system; sedimentary micro-facies; reservoir heterogeneity

Title: Research progress and review of CO2 geological storage effect on shale gas reservoir

Authors: HUANG Kai, WANG Meng, MA Jianghao, WANG Han, CHEN Jingwei, WANG Zhenda
PP: 1218-1225
Abstract: Through consulting massive literatures, the present situation of the properties of CO2 adsorption and desorption in shale gas reservoir was discussed from the reserve form of shale gas, pore structure, clay mineral, content of total organic carbon (TOC) to the reflectance of vitrinite (Ro). The key problems, research hotspots and difficulties were analyzed. The analysis show that the research of the performance of the adsorption and desorption of CO2 and CH4 in coal seam is thorough both from home and abroad. Due to the similarity between coal and shale gas reservoirs, the research laid a solid foundation on CO2 flooding shale gas and storing. Systematic studies for the adsorption and desorption mechanism of CO2 in the shale as well as the evolution of shale pore structure before and after the injection of CO2 will be a key research direction in the future.
Keywords: geology; shale gas; review; CO2 geological storage; pore structure

Title: Effects of attitude of bedrock on bedrock landslide

Authors: YANG Liu, LIANG Shouyun
PP: 1209-1217
Abstract: By summarizing the relationship between attitude of bedrock and slide direction, that between dip angle of bedrock and bedrock landslide, and the effect of bedrock inclination on bedrock landslide, we get the main conclusions as follow: 1) With the angle between bedrock inclination and slide direction increasing, the quantity of landslide decreases and then increases, which reaches the top when angle is 0-20 2) With the apparent dip increasing, the quantity of landslide shows the trend of increase-decrease- increase-decrease, which reaches the top when the apparent dip is 10-20 and hit the bottom when it is more than 40 3) With the dip angle increases, the quantity of landslide shows the trend of increase-decrease-increase, the coefficient of safety firstly decreases and then increases, the quantity reaches the top when the dip angle is 10-20 4) With the angle between bedrock inclination and slope aspect increases, the coefficient of safety increases, displacement decreases, and the quantity of landslide decreases. When the angle is 0-10 the quantity of landslide reaches the top, where the landslide is midget-scale and medium-scale. When the angle is 10-20 the quantity of landslide decreases, where the large-scale landslide increases.
Keywords: geology; bedrock landslide; review; attitude of bedrock; effect

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