Abstract:A fully polarimetric borehole radar system with four combinations of dipole and cylindrical slot antennas was developed to acquire fully polarimetric data sets in drilled boreholes. This system in conjunction with several radar polarimetry techniques has proved to be a good alternative to physical subsurface fracture characterization. Furthermore, we presented that such polarimetry techniques, namely Pauli decomposition, eigenvector-based decomposition, Durden-Freeman decomposition and polarimetric anisotropy parameter methods, could provide comparable performances in terms of fracture characterization and classification. Polarimetric calibration to determine a scattering matrix (Sinclare matrix) is the foremost procedure in the radar polarimetry processing chain. In this paper, we experimentally implement and evaluate two polarimetric calibration approaches, namely 1) cross-hole polarimetric calibration and 2) single-hole polarimetric calibration, utilizing a fully polarimetric data sets acquired at a specific borehole test site. Both polarimetric calibration approaches can guarantee the further implementation of radar polarimetry techniques, and especially, the single-hole polarimetric calibration will be very meaningful to practical applications

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	1. polarimetric calibration approaches of fully polarimetric borehole radar
	Zhao Jianguo
	Earth Science 29 January 2008
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	Abstract:A fully polarimetric borehole radar system with four combinations of dipole and cylindrical slot antennas was developed to acquire fully polarimetric data sets in drilled boreholes. This system in conjunction with several radar polarimetry techniques has proved to be a good alternative to physical subsurface fracture characterization. Furthermore, we presented that such polarimetry techniques, namely Pauli decomposition, eigenvector-based decomposition, Durden-Freeman decomposition and polarimetric anisotropy parameter methods, could provide comparable performances in terms of fracture characterization and classification. Polarimetric calibration to determine a scattering matrix (Sinclare matrix) is the foremost procedure in the radar polarimetry processing chain. In this paper, we experimentally implement and evaluate two polarimetric calibration approaches, namely 1) cross-hole polarimetric calibration and 2) single-hole polarimetric calibration, utilizing a fully polarimetric data sets acquired at a specific borehole test site. Both polarimetric calibration approaches can guarantee the further implementation of radar polarimetry techniques, and especially, the single-hole polarimetric calibration will be very meaningful to practical applications
	TO cite this article:Zhao Jianguo. polarimetric calibration approaches of fully polarimetric borehole radar[OL].[29 January 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/18471


	2. Application of Principal Component Extraction Technique in Processing Cloud Images
	WANG Zhenhui,Pei Xiaofang,Guan Li,Xu Jianming
	Earth Science 24 January 2008
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	Abstract:Principal Component Extraction technique is employed to process cloud images from 10-channel radiometer onboard the Chinese FY-1 polar-orbiting meteorological satellites. The results suggest that the consensus technique can concentrate the prominent distribution features of the grey shades of the targets, including clouds, landform and oceans shown on the 10 channel images onto a single image, which can be used as a background image in further synoptic system analysis and weather map overlapping.
	TO cite this article:WANG Zhenhui,Pei Xiaofang,Guan Li, et al. Application of Principal Component Extraction Technique in Processing Cloud Images[OL].[24 January 2008] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/18350

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	3. Two Dimensional Simulation of Amplitude Modulated Electron Plasma Waves
	Zhou Meng,Deng Xiaohua,Y. Pang,S. Y. Li,R. X. Tang,J.F. Wang,Z.G. Yuan
	Earth Science 19 December 2007
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	Abstract:Highly modulated waves near electron plasma frequency with both parallel and perpendicular polarization have been observed near diffusion region at dayside and in the tail region. In this paper, two dimensional Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulation was performed to study the possible generation mechanism of these modulated electron plasma waves. It is shown that weak beam instability could generate the modulated Langmuir wave and the ambient magnetic field plays an important role in the formation of modulation. When the weak beam has loss cone distribution, highly modulated upper hybrid waves are generated and propagate with large angle to the ambient magnetic field. The properties of these modulated waves are discussed and compared with observations.
	TO cite this article:Zhou Meng,Deng Xiaohua,Y. Pang, et al. Two Dimensional Simulation of Amplitude Modulated Electron Plasma Waves[OL].[19 December 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/17123


	4. Numerical studies on totally barotropic modons in a two-layer quasi-geostrophic model
	Tan Benkui
	Earth Science 17 December 2007
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	Abstract:In this paper the totally barotropic modons the two-layer quasi-geostrophic model with bottom friction and topographic forcing are investigated numerically. It is shown that totally barotropic modons perturbed by the bottom friction behave differently depending on the internal Froude number. When the internal Froude number is small, the upper vortex pair of the modons are almost unaffected by the bottom friction while the lower vortex pair decay in their amplitude and velocity. When the internal Froude number is large, both the upper and lower vortex pairs decay and the lower pair of vortices decay much faster than the upper pair of vortices. It is also shown that the bottom friction parameterized by the classical Ekman pumping has weaker effects on the modons than the bottom friction parameterized by the Ekman pumping in form of surface stress. Perturbed by the bottom ridge, the modons behave also very differently depending on both the height of the ridge and the internal Froude number. For some range of parameters, the modons are very unstable to topography in the sense that they fission and separate into the upper and lower pairs of vortices traveling in two different wavy trajectories while for other range of parameters the upper pair of vortices can pass through the ridge, but the lower pair of vortices can not, being trapped by the ridge and gradually broken down or the modons are very robust to topographic forcing with their upper and lower pairs of vortices being tightly coupled together and the modons behave as a whole.
	TO cite this article:Tan Benkui. Numerical studies on totally barotropic modons in a two-layer quasi-geostrophic model[OL].[17 December 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/17018


	5. Electron Dynamics in the Lower-Hybrid Drift Instability of Harris Current Sheet
	Fan Guo,Quanming Lu
	Earth Science 17 September 2007
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	Abstract:2-dimensional (2-D) particle-in-cell simulations are performed to investigate electron dynamics in the lower hybrid drift instability (LHDI) of Harris current sheet. It is founded that the electric drift motion of electrons in the electric field of excited LHD waves will make positive charge accumulated at the inner edge of current sheet and negative charge accumulated at the outer layer. This redistribution of charge will create an electrostatic potential structure transverse to the current sheet and thus make the electron drift accelerated along the current sheet direction. This effect will strongly modify the current sheet structure.
	TO cite this article:Fan Guo,Quanming Lu. Electron Dynamics in the Lower-Hybrid Drift Instability of Harris Current Sheet[OL].[17 September 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/15132


	6. Perturbation analysis on multipole guided waves in a fluid-filled borehole surrounded by a cubic crystal anisotropic medium
	Zhang Li,Wang Kexie
	Earth Science 10 September 2007
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	Abstract:The guided waves excited by multipole source in a fluid-filled borehole surrounded by a cubic crystallographic anisotropic medium are studied by the perturbation method. The borehole-medium model has no axial symmetry and the acoustic fields inside and outside the borehole can not be studied analytically. In this Letter, the perturbation method is adopted to analyze the guided waves in a borehole surrounded by a cubic crystal medium for the first time. The cubic crystal medium is regarded as a reference unperturbed isotropic state added to the perturbation. The dispersion characteristic of Stoneley wave, Pseodu-Rayleigh wave, flexural wave, and screw wave is investigated in detail. It is found that dispersion of the guided waves excited by monopole and dipole sources does not depend on the azimuth of the source but the dispersion of screw wave excited by quadrupole source has a significant relation to the azimuth of the source. It shows that screw waves propagated along different azimuth in the borehole can be split. This is different from that in transversely isotropic medium (hexagonal crystal) which has been studied widely.
	TO cite this article:Zhang Li,Wang Kexie. Perturbation analysis on multipole guided waves in a fluid-filled borehole surrounded by a cubic crystal anisotropic medium [OL].[10 September 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/14970


	7. A method for the harmonic analysis of tides based on the least square method of continuous function
	Wang Ruyun,Tong Zhanglong,Chen Yaodeng,Wang Jin,Shen Hongwei
	Earth Science 14 March 2007
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	Abstract:Unexpectable situation such as bad weather or apparatus problems will cause some other cases, for example, tidal level data can’t be measured completely or contains great errors. Aim at these cases, according to multiple harmonic analysis method, this paper presents a new method for the iterative harmonic analysis of tides based on the least square method of continuous function, as well as the condition when this method converges. Compared with the general multiple harmonic analysis method, the present method not only can reduce the computation quantity greatly, but also needn’t use some method to complete or replace original data in advance.
	TO cite this article:Wang Ruyun,Tong Zhanglong,Chen Yaodeng, et al. A method for the harmonic analysis of tides based on the least square method of continuous function[OL].[14 March 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/11410


	8. Application of Multi-sensor Data Fusion Based on AIS to Landslide Data Analysis
	Xu Qiang,Yuan Yong
	Earth Science 10 January 2007
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	Abstract:Current researches on landslide forecast are to a great extent dependent on the information from some key monitoring points. How to effectively use the information from all the different monitoring points in different parts of the landslide is a basic subject of landslide forecast. After a brief survey of multi-sensor data fusion and AIS with emphasis on data fusion methods and immune algorithm, this paper applies the algorithm of multi-sensor data fusion based on AIS to dealing with the monitoring information, and very successful results are obtained in the case study.
	TO cite this article:Xu Qiang,Yuan Yong. Application of Multi-sensor Data Fusion Based on AIS to Landslide Data Analysis[OL].[10 January 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/10662


	9. In-situ Determination Methods of Streambed Hydraulic Conductivity at the Huayuankou Site in the Yellow River, China
	Wang Zhihua ,Shu Longcang ,Wang Ling ,Basil Iro Ong’or,Wang Wanjie
	Earth Science 21 December 2006
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	Abstract:Analysis of stream/aquifer interaction requires streambed hydraulic conductivity (K), which can be one to three orders of magnitude lower than that of the corresponding aquifer. How to exactly determine streambed K is an urgent problem for hydrogeologists. A series of in-situ standpipe tests and falling-head permeameter tests were conducted on the streambed sediments at the Huayuankou site, located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The mean vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) at the study site has been found to be 0.43 m day-1 by using the in-situ standpipe test. Meanwhile, five undisturbed streambed sediment samples at different locations of the Huayuankou site were collected and tested in situ with a falling-head permeameter, respectively. The streambed Kv has been found to be 0.46 m day-1 by means of permeameter. The slight difference between the results shows that both methods can give reliable Kv at the study site. Due to the similar characteristics of streambed materials and in-situ conditions in lower reaches of the Yellow River, this study provides practical methods for determining streambed hydraulic conductivity.
	TO cite this article:Wang Zhihua ,Shu Longcang ,Wang Ling , et al. In-situ Determination Methods of Streambed Hydraulic Conductivity at the Huayuankou Site in the Yellow River, China[OL].[21 December 2006] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/10432


	10. Topography-induced PV Banners over the middle and lower reaches of Yangtse River: Dabie mountain case with uniform and constant-stability flow
	Wang Qiwei,Tan Zhemin
	Earth Science 20 November 2006
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	Abstract:Topography-induced potential vorticity (PV) banners over Dabie mountain under ideal dry uniform flow is studied. Obvious PV banners generate over the leeside with a maximal intensity of ~1.5 PVU. The PV banners extend more than 100km downstream while the width of the PV banners varies from several kilometers to tens kilometers which can be contrasted with the half-width of the peaks along the Dabie mountain ridge. Wave breaking occurs near leeside topography surface where the isentropic surface intersects with the mountain and strong PV generates. This PV combines with the PV generated due to friction and flow-splitting upstream and then are advected into the downstream to form the PV banners. Sensitivity of the PV banners to some key ingredients, such as the model resolution (the complexity of the topography), coriolis force, friction, subgrid turbulent mixing, flow stability, wind speed and wind direction, are tested. The negative PV banners have more compact connection with the low level turbulent kinetic energy. Topography-induced PV banners can be divided into two parts, the horizontal part associated with baroclinic effects and the vertical part associated with stratification. The vertical part can identify the distribution of the PV banners while the horizontal part only has important contributions leeside near the topography. Nonadvective PV flux is diagnosed to investigate the influence of the friction on the PV banners. Similar patterns are found between the total PV flux and the advective PV flux except the values of the PV flux near surface and at lower levels and insides of the PV banners. The nonadvective PV flux always has negative contribution to the total PV flux.
	TO cite this article:Wang Qiwei,Tan Zhemin. Topography-induced PV Banners over the middle and lower reaches of Yangtse River: Dabie mountain case with uniform and constant-stability flow[OL].[20 November 2006] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/9704

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