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1. Stability Analysis of Semi-Circular Breakwater on Soft Foundation Considering Cyclic Weakening Effect | |||
Xiao Zhong,Wang Yuan-zhan,Ji Chun-ning,Li Yuan-yin,Xie Shan-wen | |||
Transportation Engineering 06 March 2009 | |||
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Abstract:The semi-circular breakwater is a type of structure suitable for soft ground. Its foundation is subjected to not only long-term vertical loads, such as deadweight of the breakwater, but also the cyclic effects of horizontal, vertical and moment load components generated by the waves acting on the breakwater. There is no reasonable calculation method for evaluating foundation bearing capacity of the semi-circular breakwater on natural or reinforced soft foundation under combined loads. A quasi static finite element method for assessing cyclic foundation bearing capacity of the semi-circular breakwater on natural or reinforced soft foundation under combined loads is developed by combining the concept of cyclic shear strength of soft clay with D-P yield criterion. Then the proposed method is numerically implemented in the framework of the large universal finite element software ABAQUS. According to a practical project, the stability of the semi-circular breakwater is analyzed. The results show that foundation bearing capacity decreases obviously when considering cyclic weakening effect of soft foundation and foundation reinforcement has an obvious effect to increase foundation bearing capacity. Failure envelopes of structural bearing capacity under combined loads of horizontal force and vertical force are gained by adopting swipe load mode and load-displacement load mode, respectively. And three dimensional failure envelope surfaces of structural bearing capacity under combined loads of horizontal force, vertical force and moment are obtained by the method of combining load-displacement load mode with Swipe load mode. Furthermore, the effects of amount of filling sand in caisson, base bed width, and the reinforcement depth of foundation on stability of the semi-circular breakwater are analyzed. Compared with adding the base bed width, foundation reinforcement by driving plastic drainage plate is an effective way to improve foundation bearing capacity. | |||
TO cite this article:Xiao Zhong,Wang Yuan-zhan,Ji Chun-ning, et al. Stability Analysis of Semi-Circular Breakwater on Soft Foundation Considering Cyclic Weakening Effect[OL].[ 6 March 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/29985 |
2. Optimizing Automatic Collision Avoidance between Vessels with Negotiation | |||
Hu Qinyou,Shi Chaojian,Yang Chun | |||
Transportation Engineering 11 February 2009 | |||
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Abstract:Several expert and fuzzy expert systems have been developed for avoiding collision between vessels in the past decades. However, none of them can negotiate with each other as seafarers usually do when they intend to make a safe but more economic overall collision-avoidance plan in the COLREGS-COST-HIGH situations where collision avoidance following the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea(COLREGS) costs too much. Automatic Identification System (AIS) makes data communication between two vessels possible, so negotiation approaches can be used to optimize vessel collision avoidance. In this paper, a negotiation framework is put forward to optimize the collision-avoidance plans in the COLREGS-COST-HIGH situations at open sea. Negotiations between a give-way vessel and a stand-on vessel and between two give-way vessels are considered respectively. With the framework proposed in this paper, two vessels involved in a COLREGS-COST-HIGH situation can negotiate with each other to get a safe but more economic overall collision-avoidance plan than that suggested by the legacy collision-avoidance systems alone. | |||
TO cite this article:Hu Qinyou,Shi Chaojian,Yang Chun. Optimizing Automatic Collision Avoidance between Vessels with Negotiation[OL].[11 February 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/28808 |
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