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	1. Time-dependent gene expression analysis after mouse skeletal muscle contusion
	Weihua Xiao,Yu Liu,Beibei Luo,Linlin Zhao,Xiaoguang Liu,Zhigang Zeng,Peijie Chen
	Sports Science 13 November 2015
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	Abstract:Background: Though the mechanisms of skeletal muscle regeneration are deeply understood, those involved in muscle contusion, one of the most common muscle injuries in sports medicine clinics, are not. Methods: In this study, a total of seventy-two mice were used. Eight of them were randomly chosen for the control group (n=8), while the rest were subjected to muscle contusion. Subsequently, their gastrocnemius muscles were harvested at different time points and the gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. Results: The data showed that the expression of many genes, i.e. specific markers of immune cells and satellite cells, regulatory factors for muscle regeneration, cytokines, and chemokines, increased in the early stages of recovery, especially in the first three days. Furthermore, there were strict rules in the expression of these genes. Conclusion: These data suggest that the sequence of immune cells invaded after muscle contusion was neutrophils, M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages. Some CC (CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4) and CXC (CXCL10) chemokines may be involved in the chemotaxis of these immune cells. HGF may be the primary factor to activate the satellite cells after muscle contusion. In addition, intense inflammatory response and regeneration existed simultaneously, suggesting that there were no strict boundaries between the first and second stages of regeneration. Almost all indexes returned to normal at 14d post-injury, meaning that 2 weeks is needed to recover when acute contusion happens, as used in this study.
	TO cite this article:Weihua Xiao,Yu Liu,Beibei Luo, et al. Time-dependent gene expression analysis after mouse skeletal muscle contusion[OL].[13 November 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4661002


	2. Dietary glutamine supplementation partly reverses impaired macrophage function resulting from overload training in rats
	XIAO Weihua,CHEN Peijie,Jingmei Dong,Ru Wang,Beibei Luo
	Sports Science 11 April 2015
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	Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of overload training on the function of peritoneal macrophages in rats, and to test the hypothesis that glutamine in vivo supplementation would partly reverse the eventual functional alterations induced by overload training in these cells. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (C), overload training group (E1), overload training and restore one week group (E2), glutamine-supplementation group (EG1), and glutamine-supplementation and restore one week group (EG2). All rats, except those placed on sedentary control were subjected to 11 weeks of overload training protocol. Blood hemoglobin, serum testosterone and corticosterone of rats were measured. Moreover, the functions (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cytokines synthesis, reactive oxygen species generation) of peritoneal macrophages were determined. Data showed that blood hemoglobin, serum testosterone, corticosterone and body weight in the overload training group decreased significantly as compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the chemotaxis capacity (decreased by 31%, p=0.003), the phagocytosis capacity (decreased by 27%, p=0.005), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (decreased by 35%, p=0.003) and the cytokines response capability of macrophages were inhibited by overload training. However, the hindering of phagocytosis and the cytokines response capability of macrophages induced by overload training could be ameliorated and reversed respectively, by dietary glutamine supplementation. These results suggest that overload training impairs the function of peritoneal macrophages, which is essential for the microbicidal actions of macrophages. This may represent a novel mechanism of immunodepression induced by overload training. Nonetheless, dietary glutamine supplementation could partly reverse the impaired macrophage function resulting from overload training.
	TO cite this article:XIAO Weihua,CHEN Peijie,Jingmei Dong, et al. Dietary glutamine supplementation partly reverses impaired macrophage function resulting from overload training in rats[OL].[11 April 2015] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4638222


	3. Body -- Brian Educational Program to Enhance Cognitive Functions of Children
	Zhong Bingshu,Dong Jinxia,Bruce Wexler
	Sports Science 16 September 2014
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	Abstract:New research in cognitive neuroscience together with computer technology provides a basis for educational programs designed to directly improve thinking abilities. Seventeen early school age children participated in a pilot study of 36 sessions each of computer sessions that intensively activate developing systems of executive function and physical exercises selected to activate the same brain systems in the context of whole body activity and social interaction. Children showed significant improvement on multiple measures of frontal and executive functions that differed widely from the training exercises and from one another, suggesting generalized intellectual gain.
	TO cite this article:Zhong Bingshu,Dong Jinxia,Bruce Wexler. Body -- Brian Educational Program to Enhance Cognitive Functions of Children[OL].[16 September 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4610043


	4. Non-destructive detection of powder content in bullet using the x-ray and neutron method
	Wang Peiyong,Hu Bo,Yang Liangce,Xing Yu,Guo Xisheng
	Sports Science 12 May 2011
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	Abstract:In order to ensure the quality of the bullets used in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, both X-ray and neutron imaging technique were selected for the bullet detection after comparing and analyzing many kinds of non-destructive methods. The samples, including starting gun bullets, pistol bullets and the bullets fitted with different kinds of powder, were detected respectively with the above methods. Then, the testing results were theoretically analyzed, and the practicability method of bullet detection was provided. Combining with the results of non-destructi

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