Abstract:The pyrolysis kinetics of charring materials plays an important role in understanding material combustions especially for constructions materials with complex degradation chemistry. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is frequently used to study the heterogeneous kinetics of solid fuels, however, there is no agreed method to determine the pyrolysis scheme and kinetic parameters for charring polymers with multiple components and competing reaction pathways. This study develops a new technique to estimate the possible numbers of species and sub-reactions in pyrolysis by analysing the second derivatives of TG (DDTG) curves. The pyrolysis of a medium density fibreboard (MDF) in nitrogen is studied in detail, and the DDTG curves are used to locate the temperature of peak mass-loss rate for each sub-reactions. Then, based on the TG data under multiple heating rates, the Kissinger's method is used to quickly find the possible range of values of the kinetic parameters (A and E). These ranges are used to accelerate the optimization of the inverse problem using genetic algorithm (GA) for the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters. The proposed method and the kinetic scheme found are shown to match the experimental data and are able to predict accurately results at different heating rate better than the Kissinger's method and faster than the regular GA search alone. The compensation effect and interdependence among kinetic parameters has been shown to weaken as the TG data available increases. Moreover, conducting TG experiment under multiple heating rates is crucial to obtain good kinetic parameters.

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	1. Pyrolysis of Medium Density Fibreboard: Optimized Search for Kinetics Scheme and Parameters via Genetic Algorithm Driven by Kissinger's Method
	Li K,Huang X,Fleischmann C M,Rein G,Ji J
	Security Science and Technology 29 July 2014
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	Abstract:The pyrolysis kinetics of charring materials plays an important role in understanding material combustions especially for constructions materials with complex degradation chemistry. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is frequently used to study the heterogeneous kinetics of solid fuels, however, there is no agreed method to determine the pyrolysis scheme and kinetic parameters for charring polymers with multiple components and competing reaction pathways. This study develops a new technique to estimate the possible numbers of species and sub-reactions in pyrolysis by analysing the second derivatives of TG (DDTG) curves. The pyrolysis of a medium density fibreboard (MDF) in nitrogen is studied in detail, and the DDTG curves are used to locate the temperature of peak mass-loss rate for each sub-reactions. Then, based on the TG data under multiple heating rates, the Kissinger's method is used to quickly find the possible range of values of the kinetic parameters (A and E). These ranges are used to accelerate the optimization of the inverse problem using genetic algorithm (GA) for the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters. The proposed method and the kinetic scheme found are shown to match the experimental data and are able to predict accurately results at different heating rate better than the Kissinger's method and faster than the regular GA search alone. The compensation effect and interdependence among kinetic parameters has been shown to weaken as the TG data available increases. Moreover, conducting TG experiment under multiple heating rates is crucial to obtain good kinetic parameters.
	TO cite this article:Li K,Huang X,Fleischmann C M, et al. Pyrolysis of Medium Density Fibreboard: Optimized Search for Kinetics Scheme and Parameters via Genetic Algorithm Driven by Kissinger's Method[J].


	2. Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Moving Train on Subway Station Fire
	Zhou Dechuang,Chen Juan,Zhang Yuan
	Security Science and Technology 14 May 2014
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	Abstract:The influence of moving train on subway station fire is simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics in this paper. The characteristics of piston effect produced by one racing train and two trains racing vis-a-vis are studied respectively. On the basis of simulation, a three dimensional smoke velocity and temperature distribution are investigated. Simulation results show that the air velocity field is disturbed and smoke is stretched to further distance along the platform by a moving train. The smoke layer presents a 'S'-shaped distribution when the piston wind is caused by two trains flashing vis-à-vis, indicating that the smoke layer on the subway platform is diffused and it might be harmful for evacuation.
	TO cite this article:Zhou Dechuang,Chen Juan,Zhang Yuan. Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Moving Train on Subway Station Fire[OL].[14 May 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4597389

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	3. An effective solvothermal reduction method for preparing reduced graphene oxide
	YUAN Bihe,BAO Chenlu,QIAN Xiaodong,WEN Panyue,XING Weiyi,SONG Lei,HU Yuan
	Security Science and Technology 07 January 2014
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	Abstract:In this work, an effective reduction method for graphite oxide (GO) based on solvothermal reaction is developed. The results from X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that most of the oxygen functional groups in the GO are removed during the solvothermal reduction process. The reduction efficiency of this method is compared with previous reports about solvothermal reduction of GO. This work paves a way for the large-scale production of graphene.
	TO cite this article:YUAN Bihe,BAO Chenlu,QIAN Xiaodong, et al. An effective solvothermal reduction method for preparing reduced graphene oxide[J].


	4. Modeling Window Glass Cracking Behavior Exposed to Radiation by Monte Carlo Method
	LI Liming,XIE Qiyuan,ZHANG Heping
	Security Science and Technology 20 January 2011
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	Abstract:Thermal cracking of window glass has significant influence on the development of compartment fire. The radiative heat transfer is generally an important part for the analysis. In this paper, a program code based on Monte Carlo method has been developed to analyze the transient temperature distribution and time to first crack of window glass facing radiation. The spectral nature of glass has been accounted for. Comparisons between the predictions and experiment results from literature were made. Results show a good agreement, which suggests good applicability of this program.
	TO cite this article:LI Liming,XIE Qiyuan,ZHANG Heping. Modeling Window Glass Cracking Behavior Exposed to Radiation by Monte Carlo Method[OL].[20 January 2011] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4408106


	5. Corrosion Depth Prediction Based on SVM and Chaos
	LIANG Ping,RAO Guoran,LONG Xinfeng
	Security Science and Technology 10 February 2009
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	Abstract:Pipeline of oil and gas have an increase risk because of pipeline punctures and rupture caused by corrosion. Therefore, it is very important to have a reliable way for pipeline corrosion prediction. The corrosion depth prediction models that based on the support vector machines and based on chaos were introduced in this paper. A real example was given in this paper, and the corrosion data were obtained by electricity probe. The predicted results shows that prediction has a more high precision. The prediction ways based the support vector machines and chaos are reasonable in the corrosion research, which can supply a scientific basis for pipeline safety management, service life prediction and repair.
	TO cite this article:LIANG Ping,RAO Guoran,LONG Xinfeng. Corrosion Depth Prediction Based on SVM and Chaos[OL].[10 February 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/28646


	6. Rheological Analysis of Coal and Gas Outburst and Its Noncontact Prediction Technology
	Wang Yungang,Wang Enyuan,He Xueqiu,Liu Zhentang,Zhang Hongjie
	Security Science and Technology 08 November 2007
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	Abstract:According to the time effect of material failure, the rheological damage process of coal or rock, especially its creep characteristic, is analyzed. The method of controlling the catastrophic creep failure is proposed abstractly and the result that the Ⅱand Ⅲ stages of creep failure of coal or rock is vital to predict gas outburst with the EMR. Based on the transformation of energy and rheological explanation of outburst phenomena, the relationship between the rheological energy dissipation process of coal or rock containing gas and the energy transformation is analyzed, the results show that the EMR is produced in the rheological failure process of coal or rock containing gas before the gas outburst, and the EMR reflect the stress state of coal or rock containing gas. The effect of non-equilibrium gas on the EMR in the gas outburst process is debated, and the EMR can reflect the coal seam gas pressure. Therefore, the EMR reflect comprehensively the danger of coal outburst before working faces. Eventually, the EMR monitor gets satisfied results in application.
	TO cite this article:Wang Yungang,Wang Enyuan,He Xueqiu, et al. Rheological Analysis of Coal and Gas Outburst and Its Noncontact Prediction Technology[J].


	7. Feasibility Study on the Prediction of Coal Bump with Electrical Resistivity Method
	WANG Yun-gang,Wang Enyuan,Li Zhonghui,Liu Xiaofei,Liu Zhentang
	Security Science and Technology 05 April 2007
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	Abstract:The resistivity experiment of rock and its application were narrated in this paper. According to the method, the electrical resistivity method of predicting coal bump was brought forward. Experiments results are as follows: (1) the resistivity of horizontal stratification are smaller than that of vertical stratification, (2) the electrical resistivity values of coal sample under unsaturated state amount to about half of the nature state values, (3) the electrical resistivity changes of coal samples in the uniaxial compression show that coal samples’ electrical resistivity decreases with increasing uniaxial compression press, and begins to increase while reaching half of rupture press, and the electrical resistivity increase continuously if keeping on loading until rupture. Electric mechanism of loaded coal smaples and mechanics mechanism of coal bump were analyzed and gain the inherent relationship between the electrical resistivity changes and the fracture process of coal. The quadratic fitting stress-electrical resistivity function of under the uniaxial compression is more reasonable. Therefore, the method with electrical resistivity anomaly to predict the occurrence of coal bump is feasible.
	TO cite this article:WANG Yun-gang,Wang Enyuan,Li Zhonghui, et al. Feasibility Study on the Prediction of Coal Bump with Electrical Resistivity Method[OL].[ 5 April 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/11993


	8. Descending of smoke layering interface in long channel hot smoke tests
	Hu Longhua,Li Yuanzhou,Huo Ran
	Security Science and Technology 12 December 2005
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	Abstract:Descent of smoke layer in a long channel when carrying out hot smoke tests with small fires was presented. An experimental method using infrared beams is used to track the smoke layer interface front. The arrival time of the smoke layer interface front to a designated position would be measured by the abrupt attenuation of the infrared beam intensity. Field measurements were carried out in an underground long channel of length 96 m. Diesel pool fires up to 1.5 MW were studied. The results on tracking the smoke layer interface front were compared with the measurements by using thermocouples, thermal resistors and visual observations. This method is demonstrated to be useful for tracking the smoke layer interface front under small fires. Therefore, the method is suitable for studying the smoke layer descending in hot smoke tests for evaluating smoke management systems in long channels. The Descending of smoke layer was tracked at 7 m, 39 m and 79 m away from the fire. Results showed that the smoke layer at cross section of 79 m away from the fire descended much faster than that of 7 m and 39 m. The smoke layer seemed to descend faster at positions further away from the fire due to longitudinal air entrainment at the smoke layer interface.
	TO cite this article:Hu Longhua,Li Yuanzhou,Huo Ran. Descending of smoke layering interface in long channel hot smoke tests [OL].[12 December 2005] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4285

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