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1. Elevation of arginine decarboxylase-dependent putrescine production enhances aluminum tolerance by decreasing aluminum retention in root cell walls of wheat | |||
Yu Yan,Jin Chongwei,Sun Chengliang,Wang Jinghong,Ye Yiquan,Lu Lingli,Lin Xianyong | |||
Agronomy 09 July 2015 | |||
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Abstract:Aluminum (Al) stress induces putrescine (Put) accumulation in several plants and this response is proposed to alleviate Al toxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying this alleviation remain largely unknown. Here, we show that exposure to Al clearly increases Put accumulation in the roots of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. 'Xi Aimai-1') and that this was accompanied by significant increase in the activity of arginine decarboxylase (ADC), a Put producing enzyme. Application of an ADC inhibitor (D-arginine) terminated the Al-induced Put accumulation, indicating that increased ADC activity may be responsible for the increase in Put accumulation in response to Al. The D-arginine treatment also increased the Al-induced accumulation of cell wall polysaccharides and the degree of pectin demethylation in wheat roots. Thus, it elevated Al retention in cell walls and exacerbated Al accumulation in roots, both of which aggravate Al toxicity in wheat plants. The opposite effects were true for exogenous Put application. These results suggest that ADC-dependent Put accumulation plays important roles in providing protection against Al toxicity in wheat plants through decreasing cell wall polysaccharides and increasing the degree of pectin methylation, thus decreasing Al retention in the cell walls. | |||
TO cite this article:Yu Yan,Jin Chongwei,Sun Chengliang, et al. Elevation of arginine decarboxylase-dependent putrescine production enhances aluminum tolerance by decreasing aluminum retention in root cell walls of wheat[J]. |
2. Alleviated aluminum toxicity by exogenous nitric oxide in wheat: toward regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle | |||
Sun Chengliang,Liu Lijuan,Yu Yan,Liu Wenjing,Lu Lingli,Jin Chongwei,Lin Xianyong | |||
Agronomy 23 July 2014 | |||
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Abstract:The possible association with nitric oxide (NO) and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle in regulating aluminum (Al) tolerance of wheat was investigated using two genotypes with different Al resistance. Exposure to Al inhibited root elongation, triggered lipid peroxidation and oxidation of AsA and GSH to dehydroascorbate and glutathione disulfide, respectively, in wheat roots. Exogenous NO significantly increased endogenous NO levels, and subsequently alleviated Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and oxidation of AsA and GSH to maintain the redox molecules in reduced form in both wheat genotypes. Under Al stress, significantly increased activity and gene transcriptional level of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase, were observed in the root tips of the Al-tolerant genotype Jian-864. NO application enhanced the activity and gene transcriptional level of all the above mentioned enzymes in both wheat genotypes. γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase was not significantly affected by Al as well as NO, but NO treatments increased glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activity to a greater extent than the Al-treated wheat seedlings. Proline was significantly decreased by Al, while was not affected by NO. These results clearly suggest the role of NO in providing protection against Al-induced oxidative stress which possibly through its regulation of the AsA-GSH cycle. | |||
TO cite this article:Sun Chengliang,Liu Lijuan,Yu Yan, et al. Alleviated aluminum toxicity by exogenous nitric oxide in wheat: toward regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle[OL].[23 July 2014] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4604889 |
3. Sedum alfredii- A promising Zinc hyperaccumulator: Character, mechanism and application | |||
Gao Jun,Feng Ying,Zhang Min,Lu Ling-Li,Li Tingqiang,He Zhenli,Yang Xiaoe | |||
Agronomy 26 December 2013 | |||
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Abstract:Backgroud :Previous research on Zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulation was mainly focused on Noccaeacaerulescens and Arabidopsis halleri. Information on other Zn hyperaccumulators, especially non-Brassicaceae, is essential to better understand Zn hyperaccumulation mechanisms and their application potential for soil remediation.. Scope: Sedum alfredii is a Crassulaceae Zn hyperaccumulator. In this paper, the hyperaccumulation and tolerance ability of sedum plants and Sedum alfredii populations were compared. The major mechanisms of Zn hyperaccumulation in S. alfredii were discussed with respect torhizosphere process, transport mechanisms, accumulation, and detoxification, as well as molecular basis. Finally, phytoextraction of Zn by S. alfredii and the feasible post-harvest treatments of shoot biomass were reviewed. Conclusion: Zinc hyperaccumulation in S. alfredii is not a species constitutive trait. Hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) S. alfredii possesses a root foraging mechanism and an altered Zn transport system to increase root uptake and subsequent translocation to shoot. A complex interaction of microbes, plant, and environment occurs in the rhizosphere that facilitate Zn hyperaccumulation. The accumulated Zn is mainly sequestered into inactive sites. Compared with N. caerulescens and A. halleri, S. alfredi inot only provide valuable information on metal hyperaccumulation, but holds a greater promise for application in phytoextraction at a large field scale . | |||
TO cite this article:Gao Jun,Feng Ying,Zhang Min, et al. Sedum alfredii- A promising Zinc hyperaccumulator: Character, mechanism and application[OL].[26 December 2013] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4578718 |
4. Aluminum-induced changes in reactive oxygen species accumulation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative capacity in root tips of two wheat genotypes differing in aluminum tolerance | |||
Xu Fangjie,Li Gang,Jiang Sisi,Zhang Yongsong,Lin Xianyong | |||
Agronomy 29 December 2009 | |||
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Abstract: | |||
TO cite this article:Xu Fangjie,Li Gang,Jiang Sisi, et al. Aluminum-induced changes in reactive oxygen species accumulation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative capacity in root tips of two wheat genotypes differing in aluminum tolerance[OL].[29 December 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/38216 |
5. Isolation and Characterization of a Phytase Gene (Sphy1) from Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) | |||
Guo Li,Wang Jiaojiao,Xiao Kai | |||
Agronomy 17 December 2009 | |||
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Abstract:A novel phytase gene Sphy1 was isolated based on screening a cDNA library which was constructed from germinated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Kefeng6) cotyledon. The full-length cDNA of Sphy1 was 1 644 bp predicated to encode 547 amino acids including an N terminal signal peptide of 27 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Sphy1 had high similarities with the phytase genes from M. truncatula and rice, and acid phosphatase genes from M. truncatula and Arabidopsis. Prokaryotic expression of Sphy1 in BL21 showed that the induced protein had high phytase activities. The transcripts of Sphy1 could be detected in various tissues, such as cotyledons, leaves, stems and roots of seedlings. The phytase activities in the above tissues were accordance with their corresponding Sphy1 transcripts. The transcripts of Sphy1 in cotyledons showed an increasing trend from 5 to 30 days after germination, suggesting that Sphy1 had involved the hydrolyses of the organic phosphorus compounds in seeds from the stages of early seed germination to young seedlings in soybean. Therefore, it is speculated that Sphy1 plays an important role during the seed germination and the growth of the seedlings by releasing inorganic phosphorus (Pi) from phosphorus reserve in seeds. | |||
TO cite this article:Guo Li,Wang Jiaojiao,Xiao Kai. Isolation and Characterization of a Phytase Gene (Sphy1) from Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)[OL].[17 December 2009] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/37665 |
6. Nitrogen fixation of faba bean interacting with a non-legume in two contrasting intercropping systems | |||
Fan Fenliang,Yu Changbing,Sun Jianhao,Li Long | |||
Agronomy 28 December 2007 | |||
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Abstract:A field experiment was carried out to quantify biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) using the 15N isotope natural abundance method in maize (Zea mays L.) / faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) /faba bean intercropping systems. Faba bean was yielding more in the maize/faba bean intercropping, but not in the wheat/faba bean intercropping. Biomass, grain yield and nitrogen acquisition of faba bean were significantly increased when intercropped with maize, and decreased significantly with wheat, irrespective of N-fertilizer application, indicating that the legume could gain or lose productivity in an intercropping situation. N fertilization inhibited nitrogen fixation of faba bean in intercropping with either maize or wheat, and when used in monoculture. The response of different cropping system to N-fertilizer application, however, was not identical, with competitive intercropping (wheat/faba bean) being more sensitive than facilitative intercropping (maize/faba bean). Intercropping increased the proportion of nitrogen derived from air (%Ndfa) of the wheat/faba bean system, but not that of the maize/faba bean system when no N fertilizer was applied. When receiving 120 N kg/ha, however, intercropping did not significantly increase %Ndfa either in the wheat/faba bean system or in the maize/faba bean system in comparison with faba bean in monoculture. The amount of nitrogen derived from air (Ndfa), however, increased significantly when intercropped with maize, irrespective of N-fertilizer application. Ndfa decreased when intercropped with wheat, albeit not significance at 120 kg N/ha. Ndfa correlated more closely with dry matter yield, grain yield and competitive ratio, than with %Ndfa. This indicates that not %Ndfa, but total dry matter yield (sink strength) was more critical for the legume to increase Ndfa. The results suggested that nitrogen fixation could be improved by yield maximization in an intercropping system. | |||
TO cite this article:Fan Fenliang,Yu Changbing,Sun Jianhao, et al. Nitrogen fixation of faba bean interacting with a non-legume in two contrasting intercropping systems[OL].[28 December 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/17521 |
7. Amelioration of nitrogen difference method in legume intercropping system | |||
Yu Changbing,Li Long | |||
Agronomy 28 December 2007 | |||
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Abstract:Nitrogen difference method is commonly used to appraise biological nitrogen fixation, which is a well established aspect of plant condition. In an intercropping system, belowground interspecific interactions affected the reliability of this method, so a field experiment was conducted to ameliorate this problem. A split-plot experiment was designed, with the main plot treatments of 0 and 225 kg N ha-1, and sub-plot treatments consisting of sole maize, sole faba bean, sole pea and sole soybean, and faba bean, pea and soybean intercropping with maize. Biomass of intercropping faba bean and pea was found to be increased, but soybean decreased significantly. Biomass of intercropping maize increased significantly than grown alone. Adding fertilizer nitrogen had no marked effect on biomass of the legumes, but that of maize increased. Aggressivity of faba bean (1.06~1.56) and pea (0.11~0.76) were always significantly greater than zero, but it was significantly decreased for soybean (-1.17~-0.81) than maize. Proportion of biological nitrogen fixation %Ndfa) increased for intercropping faba bean and pea than sole, and it was decreased for soybean due to a difference between legume and reference plant. Add nitrogen could decrease %Ndfa significantly for all legumes. An ameliorated nitrogen difference method was established, which takes into account the difference of nitrogen loss and interspecific nutrient competition. Compared with traditional methods, the %Ndfa of intercropping faba bean decreased significantly, and %Ndfa of intercropping pea decreased also, but %Ndfa of soybean increased. Since consider the nitrogen loss and interspecific nitrogen competition and transfer, the ameliorated method of NDM could appraise the proper %Ndfa of intercropping legumes more accurately. | |||
TO cite this article:Yu Changbing,Li Long. Amelioration of nitrogen difference method in legume intercropping system[OL].[28 December 2007] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/17515 |
8. Regulation of Root Cluster Formation and Citrate Exudation in White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) Plants | |||
LI Chun-Jian,LIANG Rui-Xia | |||
Agronomy 05 December 2005 | |||
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Abstract:Split-root system was used to investigate whether the external or internal P concentration controls root cluster formation and citrate exudation in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) grown under the controlled conditions. In spite of low P concentration in shoot and root of the -P plant, its dry weight was not reduced, compared with the +P plant. Supplying external P (0.25 mmol/L) to one root half resulted in increase in P concentration not only in the shoot, but also in the P deprived root half, indicating P cycling within the plants. P omitting from both split-root pots stimulated root cluster formation in both root halves. While P supply to one root half stimulated root cluster formation at the beginning of the treatment. However, neither P supply to just one root half continuously nor re-supply of P to one root half after 19 d of P starvation could inhibited root cluster formation in the P deprived side, although the P concentration in this root half and shoot increased markedly. The results indicated that root cluster formation in Lupinus albus was controlled by both shoot and root P concentration. The rates of citrate exudation by both root halves with P-deficiency were higher than that of one root half supplied with P only. In the treatment with one root half supplied with P, the rates of citrate exudation by either the P-supplied or deprived root halves were almost same regardless of P concentration in the roots. The results suggested that internal P concentration controlled root cluster formation and citrate exudation in white lupin, but they might be regulated by different mechanisms. | |||
TO cite this article:LI Chun-Jian,LIANG Rui-Xia. Regulation of Root Cluster Formation and Citrate Exudation in White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) Plants[OL].[ 5 December 2005] http://en.paper.edu.cn/en_releasepaper/content/4064 |
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